标准解读

《GB/T 9439-2010 灰铸铁件》与《GB/T 9439-1988 灰铸铁件》相比，在多个方面进行了更新和调整，以适应技术进步及市场需求的变化。具体变更包括但不限于以下几个方面：

  1. 标准范围：新版本明确了标准适用于一般工程用灰铸铁件，并对不适用的情况给出了说明，如某些特殊用途或有特别要求的灰铸铁件不在本标准覆盖范围内。

  2. 术语定义：对于“灰铸铁”、“抗拉强度”等关键术语给出了更加准确、详细的定义，有助于统一行业内对这些概念的理解。

  3. 牌号系统：根据国内外最新研究成果和技术发展情况，调整了灰铸铁的牌号体系，增加了部分新型号，同时取消了一些老旧型号，使得牌号更加合理化、现代化。

  4. 化学成分：针对不同牌号的灰铸铁，对其主要元素（如碳、硅）及其他微量元素含量的要求做了适当修改，以确保材料性能更符合实际应用需求。

  5. 力学性能指标：提高了部分牌号灰铸铁件的最小抗拉强度要求，反映了近年来铸造工艺水平提高所带来的产品质量提升。

  6. 试验方法：引入了更多先进的检测技术和方法来评估灰铸铁件的质量，比如采用更精确的仪器进行硬度测试等，保证了测试结果的准确性。

  7. 检验规则：细化了产品出厂前需进行的各项检验项目及其合格判定标准，加强了对生产过程质量控制的要求。

  8. 标志、包装、运输及贮存：增加了关于如何正确标识产品信息以及在包装、运输过程中应注意的安全事项等内容，旨在更好地保护产品免受损害。


如需获取更多详尽信息，请直接参考下方经官方授权发布的权威标准文档。

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  • 被代替
  • 已被新标准代替，建议下载现行标准GB/T 9439-2023
  • 2010-09-26 颁布
  • 2011-02-01 实施
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GB/TGGG9439201灰铸铁件1SCOPETHISTANDARDSPECIFESTHETERMSANDDEFINITON,DESIGNATION,TECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTS,SAMPLINGREQUIREMNTS,TESTMETHOD,INSPECTIONRULESOFGREYCASTIRONANDTHECASTINGIDENTIFCATION,PACKAGINGSTORAGEANDTRANSPORTAIREQUIREMNTS2NORMATIVEREFRENCES3TERMSANDEFINITONSGB/5611DETERMINETHETERMSANDTHEFOLLOWINGTERMSANDDEFINITIONSAREAPPLICABLETOTHESTANDARDRELVANTWALLTHICKNESELVANTALTHICKNESISPOINTTOCASTINGFRACTURESURFACETHICKNESOFUSEDTODECIDETHEMECHANICALPROPERTIES,HAVETBEAGREDBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERANDTHEPURCSER4GREYGGGCASTIRONDESIGNATIONTHEMATERIALDESIGNATIONREPRESNTATIONOFTHESTANDARD,SHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTREQUIREMNTSOFGB/T5612THESTANDARDACORDINGTOTHEMEASUREDINMINIMUMTENSILESTRENGTHVALUEOFMACHINEDFROMSEPARATELYCASTESTBARDIAMETROF30MMSTANDARDTENSILESAMPLES,GREYCASTIRONWILTOBEDIVIDEDINTOHT100,HT150,HT200,HT225,HT250,HT275,HT300,ANDHT350EIGHTGRADES,ETABLE1ABLE1THEDESIGNATIONANDMECHANICALPROPERTYOFGREYCASTIRONDESIGNATIONCASTINGWALTHICKNESMINIMUMTENSILESTRENGTHMRMANDATORYVALUEMINTENSILESTRENGTHANTICPATEDVALUESINCASTINGMRMINMPASEPARATELYCASTTESTSAMPLEMPAATACHEDCASTESTSAMPLEORTESTPIECSMPAHT100540100HT15010150155102013020401201040801095801501008015030090HT2005102002051020180204017015540801501308015014015150300130HT22551022523010202002040190170408017015080150155135150300145HT25051025025010202252040210195408019017080150170155150300160HT27510202752502040230220408020519080150190175150300175HT30010203002702040250240408022021080150210195150300190HT35010203503152040290280408026025080150230225150300210NOTE1WHENCASTINGWALTHICKNESEXCEDING30MM,THEMECHANICALPROPERTYHAVETOBEAGREDBETWENTMANUFACTURERANDTHEPURCHASERNOTE2THISCOLUMNGIVESGUIDANCEONLYABOUTTHELIKELYVARIATIONINTENSILESTRENGTHFORDIFERNTCASTINGWALTHICKNESESWHENACASTINGOFSIMPLESHAPEANDUNIFORMWALTHICKNESISCASTINAGIVENGREYCASTIRONMATERIALFORCASTISOFNONUNIFORMWALTHICKNES,ORCASTINGSCONTAININGCOREDHOLES,THETABLEVALUESAREONLYANPPROXIMATEGUIDETOTHELIKELYTENSILESTRENGTHINDIFERNTSECTIONS,ANDCASTINGDESIGNSHOULDBEBASEDONTHEMEASUREDTENSILESTRENGTHINCRITCALPARTSOFTHECASTINGNOTE3THEITALICSNUMERICALVALUESAREGUIDELINEVALUES,THEOTHERSTENSILESTRENGTHAREMANDATORY,TENSILESTRENGTHANTICPATEDLSINCASTINGARENOTMANDATORY5ORDEROOOREQUIREMENTSTHEFOLLOWINGINFORMATIONSHALBESUPPLIEDBYTHEPURCHASERACOMPLETDESIGNATIONOFTHEMATERIALBANYSPECIALREQUIREMNTSWHICHHAVETOBEAGREDBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERANDTHEPURCHASER6THEMETHODOFPRODUCINGCHEMICALCOMPOSITON61HEMETHODOFPRODUCINGTHEMOULDINGSANDORTHERMALCONDUCTIVITYANDMOULDINGTHERELATIVESANDPRODUCEGRAYCASTIRONPIECSTHEMETHODOFPRODUCINGGREYCASTIRONSHALBELEFTOTHEDISCRETIONOFTHESUPPLIER,IFPURCHASERHASANYSPECIALREQUIREMNTSOTHERMOULDINGWAYORHEATREATMNTANDSOONWHICHVETOBEAGREDBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERANDTHEPURCHASER62CHEMICALCOMPOSITONWNIFTHETECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTSOFPURCHASERINCLUDETHEACEPTANCERQUIREMNTOFCHEMICALCOMPOSITON,ACORDINGTOTHEPROVISIONOFSUPPLIERCARYOUTNPURCHASERHASNOREQUIREMNTSABOUTCHEMICALCOMPOSITON,THECHEMICALCOMPOSITONDECIDEDBYSUPPLIER,THECHEMICALCOMPOSITONISNOTASTBASIOFACEPTANCEOFCASTINGBUTTHESELCTOFCMICALCOMPOSITMUSTBEENSUREDCASTINGMATERIALMETINGTHEREQUIREMNTOFMECHANICALPROPERTYANDMETALOGRAPHICSTRUCTUREINPROVISIONOFTSTANDARD7TECHNOLOGYREQUIREMENT71MECAICALPROERTIESWHETRTHEMECHANICALPROPERTIESMEASUREDONSEPARATELYCASTSAMPLESORONTHECASTING,WTHERTENSILESTRENGTHORBRINELHARDNESASTHEACEPTANCEINDEXES,ALMUSTBESPECIFY,INANUNAMBIGUOUSMANNERINTHEORDERORTHETECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTOFSUPPLIERTHEMECHANICALPROPERTIESACEPTANCEINDEXESOFCASTINGSHALEXPLICTLYSTIPULATEDINORDERTHEMECHANICALPROPERTIESANDPHYSICALPROPERTIESOFGREYCASTIRONTESTAMPLESSEAPPENDIXATHESTANDARDSPECIFEDMECHANICALPROPERTIESINDEXESANDMETALOGRAPHICSTRUCTUREISMAININDEXESOFTHECASTINGACEPTANCE71TENSILESTRENGTH711THETNSILESTRENGTHOFSEPARTELYCASTAMPLESTHESTANDARDACORDINGTTHEMEASUREDINMINIMUMTENSILESTRENGTHVALUEOFMACHINEDFROMSEPARATELYCASTESTBARDIAMETROF30MMSTANDARDTENSILESAMPLES,GREYCASTIRONWILTOBEDIVIDEDINTOEIGHTGRADES,THEMINIMUMTENSILESTRENGTHOFEACHGRADESHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFTABLE1712THETNSILESTRENGTHOFATCHEDCASTESTAMPLETESTPIECSTHETENSILESTRENGTHOFATCHEDCASTESTAMPLETESTPIECSHALMETTHEPROVISIONOFTABLE1713THETNSILESTRENGTHOFCASTINGITSELFTABLE1GIVESEACHDIFERNTRADESOFWALTHICKNESOFGREYCASTIRONITSELFTENSILESTRENGTHREFRENCES714SAMPLINGPOSITONFCASTINGITSELFTHESAMPLINGPOSITON,SAMPLESIZEANDTENSILESTRENGTHOFCASTINGITSELFHAVETOBEAGREDBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERATHEPURCHASER,IFWHENTHEPURCSERHASTHEEXPLICTLYPROVISIONWHENPURCHASEREQUESTAMPLINGFROMCASTINGITSELF,BUTUNSPECIFEDTHESAMPLINGPOSITONOFCASTINGITSELF,THESUPPLIERCANDECIDETHESAMPLINGPOSITONACORDITOCASTINGSTRUCTUREANDLOADINGCONDITION,THESIZEOFTCASTIITSELFSETABLE5THEFREQUENCYOFINSPECTIONANDQUANTITYOFTENSILESTRENGTHOFCASTINGITSELFHASTOBEAGREDBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERANDTHEPURCHASER712HARDNESHHHGRADESANDCASTINGHARDNESTHEBRINELHARDNESVALUESOFTHESIXGRADESOFGREYCASTIRONSPECIFEDBYHARDNES,SEABLE2THEHARDNESOFEACHHARDNESGRADESITHEMAXIMUMHARDNESVALUEOFMAINWALTHICKNEST40MMANDT80MMTABLE2THEHARDNESGRADESANDCASTINGHARDNESOFGREYCASTIRONHARDNESGRADESTHEMAINWALTHICKNESOFCASTING/MMTHEHARDNESRANGEOFCASTING/HBWMINMAXH155510185102017020401604080155H17551014022510201252052040101854080100175H19545190275510170260102015023020401252104080120195H215510200275102018025520401602354080145215H235102020027520401802554080165235H25520402002754080185255NOTE1INFORMATIONONTHERELATIONSHIPBETWENBRINELHARDNESANDTENSILESTRENGTHISINDICATEDINANNEXB,ANDTHERELATIONSHIPBETWENBRINELHARDNESANDRELVANTWALTHICKNESISINDICATEINANNEXCNOTE2THEFIGURESGIVENIBOLDINDICATETHEMINIMUMANDMAXIMUMBRINELHARDNESOTE3BYAGREMNTBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERANDTHEPURCHASER,ANAROWERRSRANGEMAYBEADOPTEDATHEAGREDPOSITONONTHECASTING,PROVIDEDTTHISISNOTLESTHAN40BRINELHARDNESUNITSWHENPURCHASEREQUESTHEHARDNESASTHEACEPTANCEINDEXES,THEFREQUENCYOFINSPECTIONANDQUANTITYOFRSHASTOBEAGREDBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERANDTHEPURCHASER,ACHOOSEONEOFTHEFOLLOWINGTHEACEPTANCERULESATHERDNESOFCASTINGITSELFSHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFTABLE2BWHENMEASURETHEHARDNESOFMACHINEDFROMSEPARATELYCASTESTBAR,SHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTREQUIREMNTSOFTABLE3HENPURCHASERHASTHESPECIFCPROVISIONTOINSPECTIONPOSITONANDHARDNESVALUE,SHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFPURCHASERDRAWINGANDTECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTSNOTE1THISCLASIFCATIONISAPPLICABLEPRINCIPALYWHEREMACHINABILITYORWEARRESITANCEOFIMPORTANCENOTE2FORARELVANTWALTHICKNEST80MM,GRADESARENOTCLASIFEDBYHARDNES72METALOGRAPHICSTRUCTRETHEINSPECTIONMETHODANDINSPECTIONITEMSOFGREYCASTIRONMETALOGRAPHICSTRUCTURESHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFGB/T7216WHENPURCHASERHASTHESPECIFCPROVISIONTOTHEQUANTITY,DISTRIBUTION,GRADESANDSAMPLINGOFEACHINSPECTIONITEMS,SHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFPURCHASERDRAWINGANDTECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTS73GEOMETRICALGGGDIMENSIONTHEGEOMTRICALDIMENSIONOFCASTINGSHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFPURCHASERDRAWINGANDTECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTS74DIMENSIONALTOLERANCETHECASTINGDIMENSIONALTOLERANCESHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFPURCHASERDRAWINGANDTECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTSIFPURCHASERHASNOSPECIALREQUIREMNTS,SHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFGB/T641475WORKINGALOWANCETHEWORKIALAEOFCASTINGSHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFPURCHASERDRAWINGANDTECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTSIFPURCHASERHASNOSPECIALREQUIREMNTS,SHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFGB/T641476WEIGHTDEVIATIONTHEWEIHTDEVIATIONOFCASTINGSHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFPURCHASERDRAWINGANDTECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTSIFPURCHASERHASNOSPECIALREQUIREMNTS,SHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFGB/T13517SURFACEQUALITYTHESURFACEQUALITOFCASTINGINCLUDEOUTSIDESURFACEANDINTERNALSURFACE771THESURFACEROUGHNESOFTHECASTINGSHALBESHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFGB/T60601ORTREQUIREMNTSOFPURCHASERDRAWINGANDTECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTS712CASTINGSHOULDCLEANUP,FINISHINGTHESPAREPARTS,REMOVINGFEDINGRESIDUAL,COREBAR,ADHERINGSANDANDENTOCOELERSIDUESETCTHEFEDIRESIDUAL,JOINTFLASH,FLYINGSPURRESIDUALENTOCOELECLEANNESETCOFCASTINGALOWED,SHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFPURCHASERDRAWINGANDTECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTSORTHEORDERAGREMNTOFBETWENSUPPLIERANDPURCHASER773UNLESOTHERWISESPECIFED,THECASTINGSAREINASCASTDELIVERY774THEDELIVERYPROCESOFCASTINGSHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEPROTECTION,PACKAGINGANDSTORAGEANDTRANSPORTAIONREGULATIONSOFPURCHASER78CASTINGDEFCTS781NOTALOWTHEDEFECTSOFEFCTASTINGOPERATINGPROPERTYEXITNGEXISTING,SUCHASCRAKS,COLDSHUT,SHRINKAGECAVITYETC782CASTINGMACHININGSURFACEALOWANCETHEEXISTENCEDEFECTSINMACHININGALOWANCERANGE783CASTINGNONPROCESINGSURFACEANDINTERNALCASTINGALOWANCETHEVARIETY,SCOPE,QUANTITY,SHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFPURCHASERDRAWINGANDTECHNOLOGYREQUIREMNTSORTHEORDERAGREMNTOFBETWENSUPPLIERANDPURCHASER784CASTINGMACHININGSURFACEMAYNOTWELDING,REPAIRINPRINCIPLE,BUTBYTHEAUTHORITYOFPURCHASER,ONCONDITIONTHATNOTAFECTDMECHANICALPROCESINGCONDITIONS,DEFCTSWHICHNOTAFECTHESTRUCTUREPROPERTYCANWELDING,REPAIR79SPECIALREQUIREMENTSWHENPURCHASERHASREQUESTFORMT,UT,RTETCSHALBEAGREDBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERANDTHEPURCHASER8SAMPLINGREQUIREMENTS81GENRALGGGIFHEATREATMNTISUSEDTOMODIFYTHEPROPERTIESOFTHEMATERIAL,THENTHESAMPLESSHALBEHEATREATDINTHESAMEWASTCASTINGSTYREPRESNT82TENSILETST821SEPARATELYCASTAMPLESTHESEPARATELYCASTAMPLESUSEDTOESTABLISHTHEMATERIALGRADESHALBECASTVERTICALYASTHECASTINGSTHEYREPRESNTINSIMLARCOOLINGCONDITIONSANDTHERMALCONDUCTIVITMOULDINGSANDSEFIGURE1THEMOULDSMAYBEMADEFORCASTINGMORETHANTHREPIECSAMPLESSIMULTANEOUSLY,TMINIMUMDISTANCEAMONGTHEMOULDSARENOTLESTHAN50MM,THELENGTHOFSAMPLESLSHALBEDETERMINEDACORDINGTOTHESAMPLEANDTLENGTOFCLAMPINGDEVICE,SEFIGURE1FIGURE1SEPARATELYCASTSAMPLESTHELENGTHOFSAMPLESLSHALBEDETERMINEDACORDINGTOTHELENGTHOFTHETESTPIECAORBSE92ANDTHELENGTHOFCLAMPINGDEVICEOTHERDIMENSIONSOFTHESAMPLESSHALMETTHEDIMENSIONALREQUIREMNTSOFFIGURE1THEDIMENSIONOFTHESAMPLESMADEFROMSEPARATELYCASTAMPLES,SETABLE4WHENPURCHASERHASPECIALREQUESTFORSEPARATELYCASTSAMPLESANDMACHININGSAMPLESDIMENSION,SLBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOFPURCHASERSAMPLESMUSTBEPOURINGFROMTHESAMELIQUID,ANDATHELATERPERIODOFTHEBATCHPOURINGLIQUIDPOURSAMPLESTHEFREQUENCYOFCASTINGTHESEPARATELYCASTAMPLESSHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTOFTHE103THESAMPLESSHALBEREMOVEDFROMTHEMOULDATTEMPERATURE500CIFTHECASTINGSNEEDHEATREATMNT,THESAMPLESWITHTHEREPRESNTCASTINGSSHALBEHANDLEDWHENTHECASTINGSCARYOUTTAGEINGTREATMNTOFELIMNATESTRES,THESAMPLESMAYNOTBEHANDLEDNOTEBYAGREMNTBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERANDTHEPURCHASER,SAMPLESMAYBEREMOVEDFROMTHEMOULDATTEMPERATURE500C,IFTHECASTINGSAREALSOTREMFROMTMOULDSATHISHIGHERTEMPERATURE822ATACHEDCASTSAMPLESPIECSWHENACSTINGISMORETHAN20MMTHICKANDTHEMASISLESTHAN2000KG,THETESTPIECSUSEDFORTHETESTSLBEMACHINEDFROMATACHEDCASTAMPLESSEFIGURE2ORATCHECASTPIECSSEFIGURE3THETYPEOFSAMPLESHALBECHOSENISUCHAWAYASTOPROVIDEAPPROXIMATELYTHESAMECOOLINGCONDITIONSASFORTHECASTINGTHESAMPLEUSEDTOTERMINATIONOFTENSILESTRENGTH,THEMEASUREDRESULTISMOREAPPROXIMATETTHEPROPERTYOFCASTINGTHANTHETENSILESTRENGTHOFSEPARATELYCASTSAMPLESTHETYPEOFSAMPLEPIECS,ANDTHELOCATIONOFTHESAMPLEPIECSONTHECASTING,SHALBEAGREDBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERANDTPURCHASERIFTHEREISNOSUCHAGREMNT,THEMANUFACTURERSHALDECIDEONTHETYPEOFSAMPLEANDITSHALBELOCATEDATREPRESNTATIVEPOSITONTHECASTINGTLENGTHOFTESTBARORTESTPIECSLSHALBEDETERMINEDACORDINGTOTLENGTHOFTHESAMPLESANDTHELENGTHOFCLAMPINGDEVICETHENUMERALINBRACKETAPPLYTOTTESTBAROFDIAMETR50MMANDTHETESTPIECSOFRADIUS25MMSEPARATELYIFTHECASTINGSNEEDHEATREATMNT,ATCHEDCASTAMPLESPIECSHALBECUTFROMACASTINGAFTERHEATREATMNTTHELENGTHOFTESTBARORTESTPIECSLSEFIGURES2AND3SHALBEDETERMINEDACORDINGTOTHELENGTHOFTHESAMPLESANDTHELENGTHOFCLAMPINGDEVICENOTETHETESTBAROFDIAMETR30MMANDTHETESTPIECSOFRADIUS15MMUSEDFORCASTINGSLESTHAN80MMWALTHICKNES,TTESTBAROFDIAMETR50MMANDTHETESTPIECSOFRADIUS25MMUSEDFORCASTINGSMORETHAN80MMWALTHICKNES823CASTINGITSELFSAMPLESTHESAMPLINGOFCASTINGITSELFSAMPLESHAVETOBEAGREDBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERANDTHEPURCHASERTHEPROCESINGSIZEOFCASTINGITSELFSAMPLESSETABLE5FIGURE2CASTONTESTBARFIGURE3CASTONTESTBLOCK83HARDNESHHHTESTBLOCKSWHEPURCHASERWILREGARDHARDNESASTHEACEPTANCEINDEXES,HARDNESHALBEINACORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMNTSOF712MEASURINGHARDNESWILONSEPARATELYCASTAMPLESTHEHARDNESVALUESETABLE3TABLE3THETENSILESTRENGTHANDHARDNESVALUEOFSEPARATELYCASTAMPLESDESINGNATIONMINIMUMTENSILESTRENGTHMRMINMPABRINELHARDNESBWHT100100170150150125205HT200200150230225225170240HT250250180250275275190260HT300300200275350350220290THEPOSITONOFTHEBRINELKNOB,ANDITSIZEANDSHAPE,SHALBEAGREDBETWENTHEMANUFACTURERANDPURCHASER,ORONATESTPIEC“BRINELKNOB”WHICHISCASTONTOTCASTINGASHOWNIFIGURE4THETESTPIECUSEDFORACSTINGISMORETHAN20MMTHICK,TESTPIECSHALBECUTFROMACSTINGIFTHECASTINGISHEATREATD,THEBRINELKNOBSHALNOTBEDETACHEDFROMTHECASTINGUNTILTHEATREATMNTPROCESHASBEENCONCLUDEDFIGURE4BRINELHARDNESHHHTESTBLOCKS9TESTMETHODS10INSPECTIONRULES1CASTINGIDENTIFCATION,PACKAGINGSTORAGEANDTRANSPORTATIONREQUIREMENTSANEXA（IFORMATIVE）MECHANICALANDPHYSICALPROERTIESOFGRAYGGGCASTIRONINFORMATIONONMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFSEPARATELYANDATCHEDCASTESTPIECSWITHDIAMETR30ISGIVENITABLEA1INFORMATIONONPHISICALPROPERTIESOFSEPARATELYANDATCHEDCASTESTPIECSWITHDIAMETR30ISGIVENITABLEA2TBLEA1MECHANICALPROPERTIESOFSEPARATELYANDATTACHEDCASTESTPIECSWITHDIAMETR30CHARACTERISTICAMATERIALDESIGNATIONHT150HT200HT225HT250HT275HT300HT350BASICSTRUCTUREFERITE/PEARLITEPEARLITETENSILESTRENGTHRM/MPA150250200300225325250350275375300400350450YIELDSTRENGTHRP01/MPA98165130195150210165228180245195260228285ELONGATIONA/0308030803080308030803080308COMPRESIONSTRENGTH/DBMPA6007207808409009601080COMPRESION195260290325360390455YIELDPOINT01/DMPABENDINGSTRENGTH/BBMPA250290315340365390490SHEARSTRENGTH/ABMPA170230260290320345400TORSIONALBSTENGTH/TBMPA170230260290320345400MODULUSOFCELASTICTY/EKMPA781038813951510318105128108137123143POISONSRATIO026026026026026026026BENDINGFATIGUEDSTRENGTH/BWMPA7090105120130140145FATIGUELIMTUNDEREVERSEDTENSIONCOMPRESIONESTRESSZDW/MPA40505560687585FRACTURETOUGHNES3/4/ICKMPA320400440480520560650AWHENTHEREARESPECIALREQUIREMNTSRELATINGTOMACHINABILITYORMAGNETICPROPERTIES,THENHT100ISUSEDTREQUIREDPROPERTIESCANBEOBTAINEDBYMEANSOFASTRUCTURECHANGINGHEATREATMNTPROCESH100ISNOTCITEDHEREBTORSIONALFATIGUESTRENGTHTWMA042R（MP）CDEPENDSONTHEQUANTITYANDFORMOFTHEGRAPHITE,ASWELASONTHELOADINGDTHEFOLLOWINGAPPROXIMATELYAPPLIES035050BWMRETHEFOLLOWINGAPPROXIMATELYAPPLIES053026ZDWBWMRTABLEA2MECHANICALPROPERTIESOFSEPARATELYANDATTACHEDCASTESTPIECSWITHDIAMETR30CHARACTERISTICAMATERIALDESIGNATIONHT150HT200HT225HT250HT275HT300HT350DENSITY3/KGM710715715720720725730SPECIFCHEATCAPACITYJ/KGKBETWEN20CAND200460BETWEN20CAND600535LINEAREXPANSIONCOEFICENTM/MKBETWEN100CAND20C100BETWENAND200C17BETWEN20AND400C130THERMALCONDUCTIVITYW/MKAT100525500490485480475455AT200C510490480475470460445AT300500480470465460450435AT400C490470460450445440420AT500485460450445435430415RESITIVITY2/MM080077075073072070067COERCIVITYA/M560TO720MAXIMUMPERMEABILITYATROOMTEMPERATUREH/M220T330HYSTERSILOSSEATB1TJ/M32500TO3000AWHENTHEREARESPECIALREQUIREMNTSRELATINGTOMACHINABILITYORMAGNETICPROPERTIES,THENHT100ISUSEDTREQUIREDPROPERTIESCANBEOBTAINEDBYMEANSOFASTRUCTURECHANGINGHEATREATMNTPROCESH100ISNOTCITEDHEREANEXBIFORMATIVEADITONALINFORMATIONTHERLATIONSHIPBETWENHARDNESANDTENSILESTRENGTHOFGREYCASTIROSHARDNESANDTENSILESTRENGTH,ASWELASMODULUSOFELASTICTYANDTHEMODULUSOFRIGIDITYOFGREYCASTIRONOFAGIVENGRADE,AREAPPROXIMATELYRELATEDTOEACHOTHERINMOSTCASE,ANINCREASEINTHEVALUEOFONEPROPERTYRESULTSINAINCREASEINTVALUESOFOTHERPROPERTIESGREYCASTIRONSNATURALYDIVIDEINTOAFMILYORSERISOFGRADESHAVINGDIFERNTRELATIVEHARDNESRHORTENSILESTRENGTHTOHARDNEST/HRATIOSTHISANNEXBRIEFLYDISCUSSERHANDT/FORGREYCASTIRONSB1RELATIVEHARDNESTHEFOLLOWINGEMPIRICALRELATIONSHIPBETWENBRINELHARDNESHBWANDTENSILESTRENGTHRMEXISTHBWHABRMCOMMONLYACEPTDVALUESFORTHECONSTANTSAREA100B0,44WHERERHISTHERELATIVEHARDNESRHHASBEENFOUNDTOVARYBETWEN0,8AND1,2SEFIGUREB1THEFACTORRHISINFLUENCEDMAINLYBYTHERAWMATERIALS,THEMELTINGPROCES,ANDTHEMETALURGICALWORKINGMETHODWITHINONEFOUNDRY,THESEINFLUENCESCANBEMAINTAINEDNEARLYCONSTANTTHEREFORE,THEMANUFACTURERCANINDICATEBOTHHARDNESANDTHECORRESPONDINGTENSILESTRENGTHFIGUREB1RELATIVEHARDNESRHRELATIONSHIPBETWENBRINELHARDNESANDTESILESTRENGTHOFGREYCASTIRONSB2TENSILESTRENGTHTOHARDNESRATIOENSILESTRENGTHTOHARDNEST/HRATIOSAREREGULATEDBYTHEEUTCTIGRAPHITECONTENT,UPTOTHEEUTCTICOMPOSITONSHOWNIFIGUREB2,WITHCARBONEQUIVALENTCEASTHEGRAPHITEPARAMETRUSINGTENSILESTRENGTHINN/MM2,ORMPANDBRINELHARDNESINHBW,THET/HRATIOSOFGREYCASTIRONSRANGEFROMAPPROXIMATELY0,8TO1,4ADECLINEINT/HRATIOCONTINUESASCEINCREASEABOVETHEEUTCTI,BUTATMUCHSMALERANDLESPREDICTABLERATECONSTANTT/HLINESINFIGUREB2ARESENTIALYLINESOFCONSTANTGRAPHITEFECTONMECHANICALPROPERTIESPROPERTIESENSITVETOBOTHGRAPHITEANDMATRIX,SUCHASBULKTENSILESTRENGTHANDBULKHARDNES,VARYINCONSTANTPROPORTIONALITYTOEACOTHERANDTOTHEIRMATRIXCOUNTERPARTSMATRIXTENSILESTRENGTHANDMATRIXHARDNESALONGCONSTANTT/HLINESELASTICMODULUSANDDAMPINGCAPACITYVARYMAINLYONLYWITHGRAPHITEANDARE,THEREFORE,HIGHLYUNIFORMALONGTHECONSTANTT/HLINESSINCETHESELINESAREALSOLINESOFCONSTANTEUTCTIGRAPHITEANDCARBONEQUIVALENT,THEMOSTIMPORTANTCASTBILITYPARAMETRS,THEYARELOGICALGRADELINESFORFOUNDRYCONTRO
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