输电线路专业英语.ppt

1、输电线路专业英语,主讲人：黄力 电话Email：,专业英语教学目的,1、培养和提高英语应用能力； 2、初步掌握输电线路专业的专业词汇和常用表达方法； 3、能够借助专业词典阅读和翻译专业资料、专业教材、与输电线路技术有关的说明书、手册或者其它技术资料； 4、能够初步撰写专业论文摘要和常用应用文。,内容安排,以教材为主，根据输电线路专业的特点，有选择的进行讲解课文内容。 补充输电线路相关的文献。 补充科技英语的翻译技巧。,考核方式,成绩评定为：笔试+平时成绩 笔试为闭卷，卷面100分，占总成绩70，题型为阅读（50%）、翻译（35%）、写作（15%） 平时成绩主要是上课考

2、勤记录、课堂练习、作业，占总成绩30,Unit One,New words 1. thermal adj.热的,热量的 thermal underwear 保暖内衣；thermal spring 温泉 n.上升热气流 A rising current of warm air. 2. non- adj.前缀表示非,无,不 The UN court has no jurisdiction over non-members. 联合国法庭对非成员国不能行使其裁判权。 We have no non-stop flights to California. 我们没有直飞加州的班次。 4. combustio

3、n n.燃烧,氧化,骚动 internal-combustion engine 内燃机 Combustion within the populace slowly built up to the point of revolution. 群众的愤怒已到了一触即发来革命的程度,6. fission n.裂开,分裂,分体,原裂变 v.原(使)裂变 8. impact n.碰撞, 冲击, 冲突, 影响, 效果 vt.挤入, 撞击, 压紧, 对.发生影响 9. accentuate v.重读, 强调, 着重强调 11. prudent Its prudent to take a thick coat

4、in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天气下外出时带上件厚外套是谨慎的。 13. legitimate adj.合法的, 合理的, 正统的 v.合法 (反)illegitimate,19. formidable adj.强大的, 令人敬畏的, 可怕的, 艰难的 They faced formidable difficulties in their attempt to reach the mountain summit. 他们在试图登上山顶时遇到了难以克服的困难。 23. expressly adv.明白地, 特别地, 清楚地 I expressly ord

5、ered the visitor to leave. 我明白地让来访者离开 tools designed expressly for left-handed workers. 特意为左手工作者设计的工具 25. garbage n.垃圾, 废物 Their advice turned out to be nothing but garbage. 他们的意见仅仅是废话,31. hydro adj.=Hydroelectric.水电的 n. 水电,水力发电站 34. inherently inherent adj.固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的 Polarity is inherent in a

6、magnet. 极性是磁铁的固有性质。 36. tolerant adj.容忍的, 宽恕的, 有耐药力的 Of all the girls she was the most tolerant. 在所有女孩子中她是最宽容的。,Phrases and Expressions 1. a trend toward 有的趋势 2. superior combustion properties 较好的燃烧性能 3. commercial installations 商业设施 4. particle concentrations 粒子聚集 5. subsurface water 地下水 6. synthet

7、ic gas 合成气体 7. organic material 有机材料 8. be separated from 从中分离出来 9. navigation requirement 水上航运要求 10. as of now 到现在为止,The Production of Electrical Energy,Although our concern in this book is with the electrical aspects of power systems, it is important to know (what basic energy sources can be used

8、to produce electrical energy on a large scale). Electrical energy sources can be broken down into two broad categories, thermal and non-thermal. A brief discussion of varying alternatives follows below.,Thermal Sources,Coal. (Substantial reserves and the development of the necessary technology) mean

9、 that (coal is and will continue to be a major energy source). Presently coal represents about 45 of total electrical energy sources,Oil and Natural Gas. In the 1950s and 1960s there was a trend toward greater utilization of these fuels because of their superior combustion properties. However, (the

10、cost, scarcity, and competition from petroleum products )indicate that (while these fuels will remain important for electrical energy production, their percentage share of total energy supply will decrease).,Nuclear Fission from Uranium. Since the 1950s fission reactors have been used commercially f

11、or the production of electrical power. Uranium resources in the U.S. are slightly less than oil and gas reserves. Serious problems relating to environmental impact have accentuated social concern and some legal and regulatory constraints have been placed upon the development of this resource. A prud

12、ent growth in the comparative importance of this source is expected, along with a Iegitimate and proper concern for the environment.,Solar. It is possible to collect solar energy directly and concentrate it on steam boilers. The major problems are the diffuse nature, which requires large areas for c

13、ollection, and the unreliability of atmospheric conditions. At present there are no commercial installations. This source is particularly attractive as no “fuel” is required and because of its non-polluting characteristics.,Nuclear Fusion. Certain types of nuclear reaction are possible, where certai

14、n light nuclear particles can be combined, or fused, into heavier particles. Such reactions produce pure energy. The most attractive feature here is that common elements such as hydrogen isotopes can be used as fuel, making this source essentially inexhaustible. The difficulty is that a sustained fu

15、sion reaction requires production of extremely high temperatures and particle concentrations for a sufficiently long time. The technical problems associated with this are formidable and most experts will not predict commercial installation until well into the next century.,Geothermal. Heat from the

16、earths interior and subsurface water combine to produce natural steam, which can be used for electricity production. Total reserves are estimated at up to about half of the total gas and oil reserves. Expectations are that this resource will continue to be developed, but that it will only make a min

17、or contribution to the total energy supply.,Biomass. Synthetic gas can be produced from organic material grown expressly for this purpose. Currently the amount of electrical energy produced from this source is negligible, and is not expected to be very significant in the future.,Garbage and Sewage.

18、There are combustible components in garbage that can be used asfuel; these components are separated from noncombustible items and mixed with coal. Sewergasses are also combustible. In certain situations utilization of these fuels may prove to be economical; however, such installations should be view

19、ed as supplementary, and would contribute only a small fraction of the total energy supply.,Non-thermal Sources,Hydro. Hydroelectric power has been an economical and pollution free course of energy.It currently stands at about 12 of the total energy supply. It has the advantage of being immediately

20、(within seconds at least) available, whereas thermal sources meet demand at a much slower rate. Hydroelectric sources are constrained by navigational requirements and actual or predicted rainfall.,Tidal. There are a few sites around the world where it proves economical to convert (the change in pote

21、ntial energy caused by tide levels )into an electrical form. The percentage of total energy supply output is quite small, and expected to remain so.,Wind. Wind can be used to drive turbines that in turn drive electricity generators, because wind is intermittent, such a system must include energy sto

22、rage devices, such as batteries, or supply loads that are tolerant of unpredictable source interruptions. As isolated electric power supplies, such systems are now commercially available in sizes up to about 50kW. Research on much larger units is currently under way; presently, wind energy is neglig

23、ible as a fraction of the total energy output.,Wave. There have been several experimental machines designed to convert kinetic wave energy into electricity. None as of now appears to have been feasible for large-scale economic electrical energy production.,Exercises,I. Translate the following expres

24、sions into Chinese or English.,集邮,collect stamps,搜集太阳能,collect solar energy,石油设备,petroleum equipment,石油产品,petroleum products,化学能,chemical power,机械能,mechanical power,汽轮机,a steam turbine,水轮机,a hydraulic turbine,计算机系统,a computer system,电力系统,the electrical power system,热量单位,a thermal unit,火力发电站,a therma

25、l power station,潜在的资源,potential resources,潜在的能源,potential energy,合成纤维,synthetic fiber,合成气体,synthetic gas,核武器,nuclear weapons,核反应,nuclear reactions,重核粒子,heavy nuclear particles,轻核粒子,light nuclear particles,II. Fill in the following blanks with the words given. There are extra items. 1. the street is

26、covered with old tins and other forms of _. (garbage) 2. where is the heating _ in this factory. (installation) 3. lead will _ at a lower temperature than some other metals. (fuse) 4. he made a great _ on literature and art in his time. (impact) 5. there is _ wearing dark color shirts this summer. (

27、a trend toward),impact utilization combustible negligible installation a trend toward(s) scarcity thermal fuse be separated from formidable garbage,6. petroleum is highly _, so dont smoke while youre handling it. (combustible) 7. theory should by no means _ practice. (be separated from) 8. there was

28、 a _ amount of rain last year. (negligible) 9. there are more _ power stations than hydroelectric stations. (thermal) 10. the examination paper contained several _ questions. (formidable),impact utilization combustible negligible installation a trend toward(s) scarcity thermal fuse be separated from

29、 formidable garbage,III. Put the following sentences into English. 1. 到目前为止，煤仍然是生产电能的一种重要原料。(as of now) As of now coal is still the most important source of electrical energy. 2. 一些有机材料可以用来生产合成气体。(organic materials) Some organic materials can be used to produce synthetic gas. 3. 我们可以将垃圾中的可燃成分与煤混合来发电

30、。(mix with) We can mix the combustible components in garbage with coal to produce electricity. 4. 水力发电的优点之一就是没有污染。(nonpolluting characteristic) One of the advantages of hydroelectric power is its nonpolluting characteristic. 5. 利用石油和天然气发电的状况将会改变。(utilization) The utilization of oil and natural gas a

31、s source of electrical energy will change.,Skill of translation,1、翻译是通过译者在不同语言之间进行的一种语言交流活动。 2、科技外语的翻译标准是：准确、通顺、简洁。 3、对译者的要求：具备良好的英语基础；具备良好的汉语基础；具备良好的科学素质和丰富的科技知识。,No work could be done without energy. （错）没有能工作就无法干。 （对）如果没有能量就不能做工。 In a thermal power plant, all the chemical energy of fuel is not con

32、verted into heat. （错）在热电厂，燃料的全部化学能都不能转变为热能。 （对）在热电厂，燃料的化学能并不全部都能转变为热能。 Dont open the door until the train stops. （不好）不要开门直到火车停下。 （较好）火车停后才能开门。 It should be realized that magnetic forces and electric forces are not the same. （不好）磁力和电力的不一样是应该被认识到的。 （较好）应该认识到，磁力和电力是不同的。,4、科技英语的特点 a. 被动语态多 Electrical en

33、ergy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. 电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中。这样的装置称为电容器，它储存电能的能力就称为电容。,b. 使用名词多 A zero-center current meter 正中零位电流表 To improve the urban and rura

34、l power distribution system in order to ensure safe and reliable power supply. 改进城乡的配电系统，保证安全可靠供电。,c. 非谓语动词多 When working with electricity, one should be always careful and accurate. 工作中用到电的时候必须小心。（分词短语作时间状语）,d. 条件句和虚拟语气多 科技论文和文献中常常会提出条件、假设、建议和要求等。这些内容常用 if 引导的条件句，虚拟条件句或其他形式的虚拟语气来表述。,e. 长句子多 It has been pointed out about above that the electrons in a metal are able to