分词、独立结构、状语中省略比较

1、no.215,状语从句 中的省略,独立结构/独 立主格结构,分词作状语,连词现在分词,在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。,状语从句中的省略,连词过去分词,状语从句和状语从句中的省略,连词介词,连词名词,连词,现在分词 过去分词 介词短语 名词,主句,when asking the teacher, he is polite.,when asked by the teacher, he answered politely.,while on a visit to new york, he came across john.

2、,when yet a child, he could writ poems.,1._ (在北京的时候), i paid a visit to the summer palace. 2._(当是个年轻人的时候), abraham lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster. 3._(除非修理), the machine is of no use.,when/while in beijing,when/as a young man,unless repaired,3. he has no money. _ (要是有的话), he will give us

3、.,if any,2.当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词是非be动词，从句可以省略主语，从句的谓语动词采用其v-ing结构。例如：,although he worked very hard , he failed in the final exam. although working very hard, he failed in the final exam.,after she took the medicine , she felt much better. after taking the medicine, she felt much better.,1.分词和分词短语作状语时

4、，可以表示时间，原因，条件，让步，方式和伴随情况。在表示时间，原因，条件，让步时，通常可以转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式和伴随情况时，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。例如：,时间，原因，条件，让步,相应的状语从句,方式和伴随情况,并列的谓语成分,分词作状语,1. seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.（现在分词作时间状语）,when the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up.,2. heated, ice will be change

5、d into water.（过去分词作条件、时间状语）,when the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up.,在表示时间，原因，条件，让步时， 通常可以转换为相应的状语从句,3. being excited， i couldnt go to sleep .（现在分词作原因状语）,as i was excised ，i couldnt go to sleep.,4. working very hard， he didnt feel a bit tired .（现在分词作让步状语）,though he worked

6、very hard， he didnt feel a bit tired .,在表示时间，原因，条件，让步时， 通常可以转换为相应的状语从句,5. the children went away laughing .（现在分词作行为方式状语）,the children went away laughing. they laughed as they went。,6. i stood there, listening to the broadcast.（现在分词作伴随状语）,i stood there and listened to the broadcast,表示方式和伴随情况时，可以转换为一个

7、并列的谓语成分。,分词作状语,2.分词作状语时前面可用连词 若分词的逻辑主语与主句主语相同时，且所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，那么分词结构前面可放上适当的连词引导。 eg.,while walking along the street early in the morning, he saw her.,unless (being) rich, i am not going abroad. 除非有钱，否则我是不会出国的。,分词,2.分词作状语与主句的关系 a. 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致，即句子的主语就是动词-ing的动作执行者，即句子主语与动词ing的

8、动作构成主动关系。 注：如果现在分词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，分词要用完成式。 eg.,travelling by car, we visited many places. 我们乘车游览了许多地方。,having finished his homework, he went to bed. 写完作业，他就上床睡觉了。,2.分词作状语与主句的关系 b. 过去分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语也必须与句子的主语保持一致。但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作他们之间的关系是被动关系。 注：如果现在分词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，分词要用完成式。 eg.,gi

9、ven more attention, the trees could have grown better.,seen from the top of the tower, the river looks like a snake.,独立结构/独立主格结构,分词作状语时要特别注意其逻辑主语和主句的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己独立的主语、这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构，或独立主格。,the last train having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班车开走了，我们只好步行回家。,weather permitting, well play football.