英语(音乐专业词汇)

1、vibration振动sound音tone音（乐音）musical tone乐音noise噪音acoustics声学psychoacoustics 心理声学frequency频率intensity强度time时间wave form波形pitch音高loudness响度duration时值timbre音色 (tone color or quality)tuning fork音叉pure tone纯音complex tone复音 (composite tone)overtone(s) 泛音(aliquot tone, harmonics, flageolet tone 即upperpartials

2、)overtone series泛音列partial(s)分音(partial tone)fundamental(tone)基音 (first partial)step 音级(scale step, degree)accidental(s)变音记号sharp升号flat降号double-sharp重升号double-flat重降号nature还原号intonation音准octave八度range音域(compass)(voice)register音区small c小字组cgreat C大字组Ccontra C大字二组Cunaccented octave小字组one-lined octave小

3、字一组 (one-line)two-lined octave小字二组 (two-line)three lined octave小字三组(three-line)four-line octave小字四组(four-line)temperament乐律tempered scale平均律(equal temperament)just intonation纯律pitch name音名enharmonic notes等音(whole) tone全音half-tone半音natural half-tone自然半音natural tone自然全音chromatic tone变化全音chromatic half

4、-tone变化半音notation记谱法staff乐谱treble clef高音谱号bass clef低音谱号clef 谱号 (Gclef,F clef,C clef)note(s)音符rest(s)休止符breve二全音符semibreve全音符 (whole note，美)minim二分音符 (half note，美)crotchet四分音符(quarternote，美)quaver八分音符 (eighthnote，美)semiquaver十六分音符(sixteenthnote，美)demisemiquaver三十二分音符(thirty-secondnote，美)hemidemisemi

5、quaver六十四分音符 (sixty-fourthnote，美)dot附点doubledot复附点dotted note附点音符dotted rest附点休止符score总谱leger line(s)加线 (ledgerline(s)head符头stem符干hook符尾(tail)space间line线tie延音线pause延长号(hold, fermata)bar 小节 (bar line小节线,measure)legato连音，连奏staccato断音，断奏sostenuto持音trembolo震音glissando滑音relative pitch相对音高（听觉）absolute pit

6、ch绝对音高（听觉）sight-singing视唱fixed-do固定唱名法movable-do音调唱名法lyra乐徽rhythm节奏rhythmic pattern节奏型accent重音syncopation切分音meter拍子 (time)duple meter(s)二拍子 (2/2,2/4,2/8)triple meter(s)三拍子 (3/2,3/4,3/8)quadruple meter(s)四拍子 (4/2,4/4,4/8)common meter普通拍子 (4/4)simple meter(s)单拍子compound meter(s)复拍子compound duple meter

7、(s) 复二拍子(6/2,6/4,6/8)compound triple meter(s) 复三 拍子(9/4,9/8)compound quadruple meter(s)复四拍子 (12/4,12/8,12/16)quintuple meter五拍子time signature拍号multi-meter变化拍子irregular meter（不规则）混合拍子(7/4,11/7)Metronome节拍机(M.M.=Malzels)duplet二连音triplet三连音quadruplet四连音quintuplet五连音sextuplet六连音septuplet 七连音tempo速度dynam

8、ics力度tempo mark(s)速度标记dynamic mark(s)力度标记mode调式（狭指教会调式；广指调式）scale音阶key调tonality调性atonality无调性bitonality双重调性polytonality多调性major大调minor小调key signature调号pentatonic五声的natural自然的melodic旋律的harmonic和声的whole-tone全音的chromatic半音的ascending上行descending下行scale degree（调式）音级tonic(I)主音，主和弦supertonic(II)上主音，上主和弦med

9、iant (III)中音，中音和弦subdominant(IV)下属音，下属和弦dominant(V)属音，属和弦submediant(VI) 下中音，下中音和弦 (super-dominant)leading tone(VII)导音，导和弦(subtonic)broken chord分解和弦altered chord变和弦false chord假和弦resolution解决relative keys关系大小调parallel keys同主音调interval音程melodic interval旋律音程harmonic interval和声音程root根音（fundamental）scale

10、step音级（音级数：number of scale step）simple interval单音程compound interval复音程enharmonic intervals等音程inversion转位（complement）minor小（音程）major大（音程）perfect完全，纯（音程）augmented增（音程）diminished减（音程）double-augmented倍增（音程）double-diminished倍减（音程）unison同度，一度（prime）second二度third三度fourth四度fifth五度sixth六度seventh七度octave八度nin

11、th九度tenth十度eleventh十一度twelfth十二度tri-tone三全音diatonic interval自然（音程）chromatic interval变化（音程）consonant协和（音程、和弦）dissonant不协和（音程、和弦）chord和弦triad三和弦major triad大三和弦minor triad小三和弦diminished triad减三和弦augmented triad增三和弦root position原位first inversion第一转位second inversion第二转位third inversion第三转位sixth chord六和弦si

12、xth-four chord四六和弦seventh chord七和弦dominant seventh chord属七和弦diminished seventh chord减七和弦ninth chord九和弦augmented sixth chord增六和弦Added-sixth chord加六度和弦fourth chord四度和弦tone-cluster音簇harmony和声学harmonic analysis和声分析functional harmony功能和声modulation转调transposition移调chromatic scale半音阶diatonic scale自然音阶passi

13、ng tone经过音neighboring tone辅助音（auxiliary tone，upper or lower）anticipation先现音suspension延留音ornament（s）装饰音trill颤音mordent波音（upper mordent）inverted mordent逆波音（lower mordent；早期称Schneller）double mordent复波音inverted turn回音arpeggio琶音melody旋律repetition重复unity统一variety变化variation变奏theme with variation主题与变奏compar

14、ison对比augmentation展开climax高潮sequence模进melodic sequence旋律模进harmonic sequence和声模进melodic progression旋律进行melodic contour旋律轮廓motive动机development发展thematic material主题材料phrase乐句phrasing分句period乐段cadence终止perfect cadence完全终止imperfect cadence不完全终止half cadence半终止authentic cadence正格终止plagal cadence变格终止interru

15、pted cadence阻碍终止deceptive cadence伪终止musical form曲式one-part form一段式，一部曲式binary form二段式，二部曲式（AB）rounded binary form（有再现的）二段式ternary form三段式，三部曲式（ABA）four-part form四段式five-part form五段式variation form变奏曲式（A，A1，A2，A3）strophic form分节歌（a，a，a，a ）rondo form回旋曲式（ABACA）sonata form奏鸣曲式exposition呈示部development展开部

16、recapitulation再现部rondo sonata form回旋奏鸣曲式movement乐章prelude前奏（曲）interlude间奏（曲）coda尾声trio三声中部cadanza华彩乐段musical form体裁reduction改编（缩编）trio三重奏quartet四重奏quintet五重奏opera歌剧ballet芭蕾chorus合唱choir合唱团choral music合唱音乐cantata康塔塔mass弥撒oratorio清唱剧passion受难曲symphony交响曲concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲sonatina小奏鸣曲band军乐队band musi

17、c军乐etude练习曲march进行曲jazz爵士乐overture序曲ballata叙事曲inter mezzo间奏曲waltz圆舞曲，华尔兹allemande阿勒曼德courante库朗特sarabande萨拉班德gigue吉格bourree布列polonaise波洛涅兹tarantella塔兰台拉govotte加沃特chaconne恰空passacaglia帕萨卡利亚capriccio随想曲fantasia幻想曲lullaby摇篮曲tango探戈habanera哈巴涅拉madrigal牧歌choral众赞歌reguiem安魂曲symphonic poem交响诗toccata托卡塔sere

18、nade小夜曲nocturn夜曲rhapsody狂想曲minuet小步舞曲recitative宣叙调aria咏叹调songs without word无词歌invention创意曲scherzo谐谑曲mazurka玛祖卡polka波尔卡fox trot狐步舞blues布鲁斯rumba伦巴disco迪斯科suite组曲fugue赋格instrumental music器乐musical instrument乐器instrumentation乐器法orchestra管弦乐队orchestration配器法conductor指挥concert master首席podium指挥台wood wind i

19、nstruments木管乐器piccolo短笛flute长笛oboe双簧管clarinet单簧管（黑管）bass clarinet低音单簧管bassoon大管（巴松）contrabassoon低音大管English horn英国管brass wind instruments铜管乐器French horn圆号，法国号trumpet小号cornet短号trombone长号tuba大号basstuba低音大号double bass tuba倍低音大号tenor tuba次中音大号bass低音号saxophone萨克斯管euphonium尤风宁号percussion（s）打击乐kettle drum定

20、音鼓bass drum大鼓tenor drum中鼓side drum小鼓triangle三角铁chimes排钟marimba玛林巴tubular bells管钟glockenspiel钟琴vibraphone颤音琴castanets响板whip鞭响器rattle摇响器anvil乐砧tambourine铃鼓tabor塔波鼓bongo邦戈鼓gong锣temple block木鱼wood block南梆子，盒梆cymbal钹harp竖琴xylophone木琴piano钢琴pedal踏板stringed instruments弦乐器violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴double bass低音提琴guitar吉他lute疏特琴harpsichord拨弦古钢琴clavier（18世纪）键盘乐器organ风琴pipe organ管风琴accordion手风琴keyboard键盘（乐）vocal music声乐bel canto美声