2021考研英语双语材料 什么是经济学中弹性

1、2021考研英语双语材料 什么是经济学中弹性 时间过得很快，为了做好备考复习的准备，下面由为你精心准备了“2021考研英语双语材料：什么是经济学中的弹性？”，持续关注将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯！ 2021考研英语中的阅读是非常重要的，可以说是我们的重要得分点，每天记一点，很快就能突破英语阅读难关。为大家了英语双语材料，供大家参考学习。 Elasticity is a term used a lot in economics todescribe the way one thing changes in a givenenvironment in response to another var

2、iable thathas a changed value. 弹性是经济学中经常使用的一个术语，用来描述在给定环境中一个变量相对于另一个变量发生一定比例改变的属性。 For example， the quantity of a specific product soldeach month changes in response to themanufacturer alters the products price. 例如，每个月销售的特定产品的数量随着厂商改变产品的价格而变化。 A more abstract way of putting it that means pretty much

3、 the same thing is that elasticitymeasures the responsiveness of one variable in a given environment to a change in anothervariable， which in this instance is a change in price. 更为抽象的说法，弹性衡量的是给定环境中一个变量对另一个变量变化的响应性，在这个例子中是价格变化。 Or you could also say it measures the sensitivity of that variable. 或者你也可

4、以说它测量了这个变量的“灵敏度”。 Often， e conomists speak of a demand curve， where the relationship between price and demandvaries depending upon how much or how little one of the two variables is changed. 通常，经济学家说的是需求曲线，即价格和需求之间的关系取决于两个变量中的一个变化了多少。 Some Examples of Elasticity and Inelasticity 弹性和非弹性的一些例子 Its not

5、surprising when a manufacturer substantially increases a products price， that consumerdemand should diminish. 当制造商大幅度提高产品价格时，消费者的需求就会减少，这不足为奇。 Many mon items， such as aspirin， are widely available from any number of sources. 许多常见物品，如阿司匹林，可以从许多广泛获得。 In such cases， the products maker raises the price

6、at its own risk - if the price rises even alittle， some shoppers might stay loyal to the specific brand - at one time， Bayer nearly had alock on the U.S. aspirin market - but many more consumers would probably seek the sameproduct from another manufacturer at the lower price. 在这种情况下，厂商提高价格就会有自己的风险如果

7、价格小幅上涨，一些消费者可能仍然会忠于特定的品牌拜耳一度几乎占有了美国阿司匹林市场但是更多的消费者可能会以较低的价格从其他厂商那里寻找相同的产品。 In such instances， the demand for the product is highly elastic and such instances e conomistsnote a high sensitivity of demand. 在这种情况下，对产品的需求是高度弹性的，经济学家注意到了需求的高度敏感性。 But in other instances， the demand is not elastic at all. 但

8、在其他情况下，需求根本不具有弹性。 Water， for example， is usually supplied in any given municipality by a single quasi-governmental organization， often along with electricity. 例如，在任何特定的城市，水通常由一个单一的准政府组织供应，通常与电力一起供应。 When something consumers use daily， such as electricity or water， has a single source， thedemand for

9、the product may continue even as the price rises - basically， because the consumerhas no alternative. 当消费者日常使用的东西（比如电或水）只有唯一一个时，即使价格上涨，对产品的需求也还是会继续的，因为消费者们基本没有其他选择。 Interesting 21st Century Complications 有趣的21世纪并发症 Another strange phenomenon in price/demand elasticity in the 21st century has to do w

10、iththe Inter. 21世纪价格/需求弹性的另一个奇怪现象与互联网有关。 The New York Times has noted， for instance， that Amazon often changes prices in ways that arenot directly responsive to demand， but rather to the ways consumers order the product - aproduct that cost X when initially ordered may be filled at X-plus when reord

11、ered， often whenthe consumer has initiated automatic re-ordering. 例如，纽约时报指出，亚马逊经常以不直接响应需求而是响应消费者订购产品的方式来改变价格某种产品首次订购时成本为X，当消费者开始主动回购时，再次订购时的成本就变为X+了。 The actual demand， presumably， hasnt changed， but the price has. 实际需求可能没有发生变化，但是价格已经改变了。 Airlines and other travel sites monly change the price of a p

12、roduct based on an algorithmicestimation of some future demand， not a demand that actually exists when the price ischanged. 航空公司和其他旅游网站通常会根据对未来需求的估计来改变产品价格，而不是依据价格改变时实际存在的需求。 Some travel sites， USA and others have noted， put a cookie on the consumers puter whenthe consumer first inquires about the c

13、ost of a product； when the consumer checks again， thecookie raises the price， not in response to a general demand for the product， but in responseto a single consumers expression of interest. 美国和其他一些旅游网站指出，当消费者首次查询产品的价格时，会在消费者的电脑上储存一个cookie； 当消费者再次查看时，cookie会提高价格，这不是反映产品的普遍需求，而是反映了单个消费者的兴趣。 These si

14、tuations do not at all invalidate the principle of price elasticity of demand. Ifanything， they confirm it， but in interesting and plicated ways. 这些情况根本不会使需求的价格弹性原则失效。如果说有什么不同的话，那就是他们以有趣而复杂的方式证实了这一点。 In summary： 综上所述： Price/demand elasticity for mon products is generally high. 普通产品的价格/需求弹性通常很高。 Pric

15、e/demand elasticity where the good has only a single source or a very limited number ofsources is typically low. 当商品只有单一或数量非常有限时，价格/需求弹性通常很低。 External situations may create rapid changes in the price elasticity of demand for almost anyproduct with low elasticity. 外部环境可能会导致几乎所有低弹性产品的需求价格弹性的快速变化。 Digi

16、tal capabilities， such as demand pricing on the Inter， can affect price/demand in waysthat were unknown in the 20th century. 数字能力，例如互联网上的“需求定价”，可以以20世纪的方式影响价格/需求。 How to Express Elasticity as a Formula 如何用公式表达弹性 Elasticity， as an economics concept，can be applied to many different situations， each with itsown variables. In this introductory article， weve briefly surveyed the concept of the priceelasticity of demand. Heres the formula： 弹性，作为一个经济