动名词做主语和宾语.

1、Unit 2 Working the land,Grammer V-ing as subject and object 动名词做主语和宾语,如果一个动词加上ing变成了名词，那么这个词称为动名词。它兼有动词和名词的特征。（swimming, dancing, smoking）,动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。,主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，如“我写字”中的“我”，就是主语，它做出“写”这个动作。,宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，它因此被称为宾语。,Examples:,Smoking is harmful to y

2、our health. 吸烟有害健康。,He enjoys listening to music, playing mah-jong, swiming and reading. 他喜欢听音乐，打麻将，游泳和读书。,(smoking在句中作主语。),(listening, playing,swiming和reading在句中做宾语。),一、动名词做主语,welcome to use these PowerPoint templates, New Content design, 10 years experience,1. V-ing作主语直接置于句首 2. V-ing做主语置于句末，用it做形式

3、主语 3. 常用V-ing形式做主语的句型 4. V-ing形式和to do 不定式 做主语时的区别,1. V-ing做主语直接位于句首,Swimming is my favourite sport. 游泳是我最喜欢的运动。,Learning new words is very important. 学习新单词非常重要。,2. V-ing做主语置于句末，用it做形式主语,It is no use waiting here在这儿等是没用的。(It为形式主语，waiting here为真正的主语),It is no good smoking. 吸烟是没有好处的。(It为形式主语，smoking为真

4、正的主语),waiting here is no use.,smoking is no good.,3. 常用V-ing形式做主语的句型,It is/ was a waste of time doing. 做.是浪费时间的。,It is/ was no good/ use doing. 做.是没有好处/用处的。,It is a waste of time sitting in front of the television all day. Sitting in front of the television all day is a waste of time .,It is useless

5、 telephoning him. Telephoning him is useless.,It is/ was worth/ worthwhile doing. 做.是值得的。,It is/ was hardly/ scarely worth doing. 做.是不值得的。,It was worthwhile searching for him. Searching for him was worthwhile.,It is hardly worth helping him. Helping him is hardly worth.,It is/ was useless doing. 做.是

6、没有用处的。,There is/ was no point (in) doing. 做.没意义。,There is no point (in) trying to stop him.,It is useless doing exercise. Doing exercise is useless.,4. V-ing形式和to do 不定式做主语时的区别,1）作主语时，不定式与动名词一般可以通用。 2） 动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,表示一种普遍性的事情或一种经验和体会一般用动名词作主语。 3）不定式则通常表示具体的动作（指句中有具体的时间、频率、地点、方式状语）或将来的动作不定式作主语。

7、,Singing is my hobby, and to sing on my friends birthday party is my dream. 唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。,_,_,singing 表示泛指行为唱歌,to sing 表示特指动作唱歌,on my friends birthday party 具体的时间状语,No smoking,No parking,No swimming,=No smoking is allowed (here).,V-ing用于布告形式的省略结构中。,动名词常用于简短的禁令中:,1. It is no use _. A. wai

8、t here B. waiting here C. to wait here D. waited here 2. It is pleasant _ A. working with you B. work with you C. worked with you D. to working with you 3. _ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Being learned C. To learn D. Learning,B,A,D,二、动名词做宾语,welcome to use these PowerPoint template

9、s, New Content design, 10 years experience,1. V-ing作动词的宾语 2. 动词接V-ing或to do 做宾语的区别 3. V-ing做真正宾语，it做形式宾语的句型 4. 在下面几类句子中，介词in常可省略,1. V-ing 做动词的宾语,某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，常见的此类动词有: admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind,risk, miss,d

10、elay(延误), practise, suggest,cant stand（不能忍受） give up, put off, keep on, set about, succeed in, insist on, feel like, be/get used to(习惯于做.), devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to(着手做.) 等。,避免 错过 (少) 延期 建议 完成 (多) 练习 喜欢 想象 禁不住 承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 忍受 保持 (不) 在意,avoid miss delay /

11、postpone,suggest / advise finish practise,enjoy / appreciate imagine resist / cant help,stand keep/keep on mind,escape risk pardon / excuse,admit deny envy,常用的带介词 to 短语有:lead to /look forward to/devote to /pay attention to/be(get)used to/get down to (开始认真干)/object to/be opposed to（反对)/ be addicted t

12、o（沉溺于）,其他:cant help （情不自禁)/insist on/put off(推迟)/cant bear/ stand（不能忍受） feel like/ succeed in/depend on /be fond of/be worth/ in addition to/have difficulty in doing,2. 动词接V-ing或to do 做宾语的区别,（意义差别很大） 1.时间不同 Frogs(蛙)是“两栖”，不是“过去”，就是“将来” F - r - - og - s forget remember / regret go on stop 2.意义不同 try+

13、doing “试着做某事” + to do “尽力做某事” mean + doing “意味着” + to do“想做某事”,cant help to do 不能帮着做. cant help doing 禁不住做.,b. 还有一类动词（短语）可接V-ing形式或不定式做宾语，但意义区别较大。,remember/ regret/ forget to do 记着/遗憾/忘记要做. remember/ regret/ forget doing 记着/遗憾/忘记已做了.,I remember to mail the letter but forget buying the stamp. 我记得去寄信可

14、忘了已买邮票了。,try to do 尽力去做. try doing 试着去做.,stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事情（不做某事）,He stopped to read. He stopped reading.,He didnt try to do it. why didnt you try riding a bike to go to school?,mean to do 打算，意欲做. mean doing 意味着.,cant help to do 不能帮着做. cant help doing 禁不住做.,He cant help to fini

15、sh the work. He cant help crying.,I didnt mean to do that. Losing a bus in London means waiting for another hour.,c. 注意：在need, require, want和worth之后动名词用主动式表示被动，不定式要用被动式。如： Your watch needs repairing. =Your watch needs to be repaired 你的表需要修理。,The sick baby requires examining. =The sick baby requires

16、_.,to be examined,d. 注意: 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit 名词代词不定式(宾语补足语)”之形式。如： We dont allow smoking We dont allow anybody to smoke,I wil permit doing so. I will permit him _.,to do so,3. V-ing做真正宾语，it做形式宾语的句型,主语+ + it + doing,think consider find feel

17、 like,useless no use no good .,I found it useless arguing with him.,I found arguing with him useless.,用it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是V-ing短语，其结构如下：,主语+ have trouble/ difficulty + (in) + V-ing .做.有困难.,主语+ spend time/ money + (in) + V-ing .花费时间/金钱在.,4. 在下面几类句子中，介词in常可省略。,I have some difficulty (in) finishing the work

18、.,I spent two hours (in) getting home.,主语+ be busy + (in) + V-ing .忙于做.,主语+ lose no time+ (in) + V-ing .立即做.,I will lose no time (in) reading this book.,Im busy (in) preparing for the exams.,1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaire 2. M

19、r. Smith made up his mind to devote all his life to _some schools for poor children Aset up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhaving set up,A,B,3. Have you forgotten _ $1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrow

20、ing; bringing 4. We should often practise _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking,A,D,5. We are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on vocation B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation 6. Your clothes need _. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed,A,B,7. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 8. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited,D,C,9. His health does not permit him _. A. come B. came C. coming D. to come 10. We con