药理学 （pharmacology ）

1、药理学 (2)（pharmacology (2)）2. following the description of the placental barrier, the error isA. is the barrier between placental villi and uterine sinusoidsB. permeability is the same as that of normal capillariesC. almost all drugs can passD. prevents the drug from entering the fetal blood circulati

2、on from the motherE. pregnant women should, in principle, disable all drugs that affect the development of the fetus3., the elimination of drugs by zero order kinetics refers toA. absorption and metabolism balanceB. removes the constant proportion of drugs per unit timeC. eliminates constant amounts

3、 of drugs per unit timeThe plasma concentration of D. reached a stable levelE. drugs are completely eliminated4. atropine eye drops can causeA. dilated pupil, raised intraocular pressure, adjusted paralysisB. dilated the pupil, increased intraocular pressure, and adjusted spasmC. dilation, reduction

4、 of intraocular pressure, and adjustment of paralysisD. miosis, intraocular pressure, reduce control paralysisE. miosis, intraocular pressure, reducing spasm of accommodation5., treatment of biliary colic should be preferredA. atropineB. pethidineC. aspirinD. atropine + pethidineE. atropine + aspiri

5、n6. which of the following is not an adverse reaction to atropine?A. mouth parched and tongue scorchedB. nausea and vomitingC. tachycardiaD. skin flushE. blurred vision7. following the incorrect description of the local anaestheticThe local anesthetic effect of A. is reversibleB. blocked the Na+ cha

6、nnel of the cell membraneC. can reduce the amplitude of action potential and slow the conductionD. can only inhibit sensory nerve fibersThe sensitivity of E. is inversely proportional to the diameter of the nerve fiber8. should be done before the skin allergy test local anesthetic is?A. procaineB. l

7、idocaineC. tetracaineD. bupivacaineE. ropivacaine9. ears, nose and throat surgery, surface anesthesia is often usedA. tetracaineB. procaineC. codeineD. lidocaineE. bupivacaine10., the effect of levodopa on the treatment of Parkinsons disease is wrongA. is effective against extrapyramidal effects cau

8、sed by antipsychotic drugsB. has a good effect on mild diseaseC. has a good effect on young patientsD. has poor efficacy in critically ill and elderly patientsThe effect of E. on dementia is not improved11. characteristics of trihexyphenidyl for the treatment of Parkinsons disease isA. applies to cr

9、itically ill patientsB. is generally not in combination with levodopaC. is effective against neuroleptic induced Parkinson syndromeD. has a good effect on glaucoma in patients with Parkinsons diseaseE. has no atropine like adverse reaction12. the following statement about the action of aspirin is wr

10、ongA. antipyreticB. analgesiaC. antiplatelet aggregationD. anti inflammation and rheumatismE. promotes the synthesis of bradykinin and ILs13., the mechanism of low dose aspirin in preventing thrombosis isA. inhibits prothrombin formationB. directly inhibits platelet aggregationC. inhibits the format

11、ion of PGEsD. inhibits the synthesis of TXA2 (thromboxane)E. directly dissolves thrombus14., acetaminophen is often used in clinicA. has a cold and a feverB. acute goutC. rheumatoid arthritisD. acute rheumatic feverE. prevents thrombosis15., the most appropriate choice of aspirin treatment isA. spas

12、tic gastrointestinal crampsB. menstrual painC. angina pectorisD. renal colicE. biliary colic16. cardiac glycosides reduce the ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation becauseA.Lower ventricular automaticityB. improves myocardial ischemiaC. decreases atrial automaticityD. is excited by v

13、agal nerves and inhibits atrioventricular conductionE. inhibits vagus nerve17., the most basic role of cardiac glycosides in the treatment of chronic heart failure isA. reduced the enlarged volume of the ventriclesB. increases myocardial contractilityC. increases ventricular work efficiencyD. reduce

14、s heart rateE. increases heart rate18., a patient who does not take the medicine prescribed two times is considered to be doubling his first dose. As a result, excessive use of cardiac glycosides causes ventricular tachycardia. How should be treated at this time?A. decrementB. uses diureticsC. lidoc

15、aineD. oxygen therapyE. coadministration quinidine19. which of the following antihypertensive drugs is likely to cause a irritative dry cough?A. verapamilB. captoprilC. LosartanD. nifedipineE. propranolol20. adverse effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were not includedA. elevated blo

16、od sugarB. vascular edemaC. of renal artery stenosis, prone to cause renal damageD. irritating coughE. hyperkalemia21. the following description about propranolol is wrongA. has been widely used in the treatment of hypertensionB. can reduce seizures in patients with angina pectorisThe amount of C. v

17、aries greatly among individuals and should start at small dosesThe antihypertensive effect of D. is better than that of beta 1 receptor blockerE. diabetic patients with caution22. the mechanism of long-term hypotensive effect of diuretics isA. administration of sodium and diuresis reduces blood volu

18、meB. decreased plasma renin activityC. increased plasma renin activityD. reduces sodium ions in vascular smooth muscle cellsE. inhibits aldosterone secretion23. the antihypertensive mechanism of losartan isA. inhibits renin activityB. inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme activityC. inhibits aldost

19、erone activityD. inhibits angiotensin I productionE. blocked angiotensin receptor24. H1 receptor blockers have poor efficacy in the following diseasesA. vascular edemaB. allergic rhinitisC. allergic dermatitisD. allergic asthmaE. hivesThe mechanism by which 25. H1 receptor blockers produce central i

20、nhibition isA. blocks the central H1 receptorB. excitatory central cholinergic receptorC. is involved in the action of quinidineD. is related to central anticholinergic activityE. blocks the central 5-HT receptorThe mechanism by which 26. H1 receptor blockers produce central inhibition isA. blocks t

21、he central H1 receptorB. excitatory central cholinergic receptorC. is involved in the action of quinidineD. is related to central anticholinergic activityE. blocks the central 5-HT receptor27. what is the anti shock effect of glucocorticoid?A. dilatation, contraction, contraction of blood vessels, a

22、nd enhancement of myocardial contractilityB. stabilized lysosomal membranes and reduced the release of cardiac inhibitory factorsC. improves the bodys tolerance to bacterial endotoxinsD. reduces the sensitivity of the blood vessel to certain vasoconstrictor substancesE. and exotoxin28. which of the

23、following is not a contraindication to corticosteroids?A. suffered from severe mental illnessB. active peptic ulcer, new gastrointestinal anastomosisC. nonspecific keratitisD. trauma repair period, fractureE. severe hypertension and diabetes mellitusTwenty-nineThe effect of glucocorticoids on the he

24、matopoietic system is incorrectA. stimulates bone marrow hematopoiesis and increases red blood cells and hemoglobinB. increased the number of neutrophilsC. enhanced neutrophil infiltration and phagocytosis in the inflammatory regionD. causes hyperplasia of the adrenal gland during adrenal insufficie

25、ncyE. improves fibrinogen concentration and shortens coagulation time30. the main purpose of glucocorticoids in the treatment of acute severe infections isA. increases body resistanceB. increases stress in the organismC. reduces inflammationD. reduces sequelaeE. relieves symptoms and helps the patie

26、nt pass the critical periodThe main pharmacological basis for the compatibility of 31. clavulanic acid with amoxicillin isA. can make oral absorption of amoxicillin betterB. can reduce amoxicillin secretion from renal tubulesC. can reduce the dosage of amoxicillin and reduce the toxicityD. clavulani

27、c acid has broad antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial activityE. clavulanic acid inhibits beta lactamases32. 、 the first choice for the treatment of syphilis and leptospirosis isA. erythromycinB. tetracyclineC. chloramphenicolD. penicillinE. Norfloxacin33. of the most powerful cephalospor

28、in resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isA. cefoxitinB. ceftazidimeC., montelukastD. cefotaximeE. cefuroxime34. which of the following drugs causes reversible vestibular responses?A. tetracyclineB. minocyclineC. doxycyclineD. oxytetracyclineE.35. insensitive to tetracycline are the pathogensA. gram-pos

29、itive cocciB. tubercle bacillusC. Gram-negative bacteriaD. Mycoplasma pneumoniaeRickettsia E.36. the first choice for the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid isA. chloramphenicolB. tetracyclineC. oxytetracyclineD. doxycyclineE. ampicillin37., the main toxicity is retrobulbar neuritis of anti tuberc

30、ulosis drugsA. isoniazidB. streptomycinC. pyrazinamideThe D. of rifampicinE. ethambutol38. the antibacterial mechanism of rifampin isA. inhibits the synthesis of bacterial branching acidsB. inhibits the synthesis of bacterial folateC. inhibits bacterial DNA helicaseD. inhibits bacteria dependent on

31、the RNA polymerase of DNAE. inhibits the synthesis of bacterial proteins39., the medicine that has the function of protecting gastric mucosa isA sucralfateB metronidazoleC lactasinD omeprazoleE sodium bicarbonate40. the pharmacological action of oxytocin isA small amount of agent for oxytocin and ab

32、ortion palace couldB can be used for postpartum hemostasisC oxytocin has antidiuretic activity and can be used for the treatment of diabetes insipidusThe clinical use of D is similar to ergot alkaloidsE inhibits mammary gland secretion41. the response that can be caused by glucocorticoids isA reduce

33、s the number of neutrophils in the bloodB reduces the number of red blood cells in the bloodC inhibits the production of red blood cells in the bone marrowD decreased the number of lymphocytes in the bloodE platelet concentration increased42. which of the following should be used in the treatment of

34、 septic shock requiring corticosteroids?A high dose intramuscular injectionB small dose repeated intravenous infusionC large doses of surprise intravenous administrationD a load was injected intramuscularly and then administered intravenouslyE small dose rapid intravenous injection43., the pharmacol

35、ogical action of sulfonylurea isA insulin supplementationB stimulates insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cellsC multifactorial effectsD improves islet alpha cell functionE inhibits insulin degradation44., the adverse reaction of guanidine hypoglycemic drugs isA ketoacidosisB lactic acidemiaC hypog

36、lycemia shockD severe diarrheaE decrease of granulocytes45. do not have any of the following situations for polymyxin?A is difficult to absorb by oral administration and needs intramuscular injectionB renal dysfunction is slowly removedC is difficult to penetrate into cerebrospinal fluidD intravenou

37、s administration can cause severe nephrotoxicityE is less toxic to the nervous system46., what is the antibacterial action of quinolones?A inhibits protein synthesisB anti folate metabolismC affects cell membrane permeabilityD inhibits DNA synthesisE inhibits RNA synthesis47., the adverse reaction o

38、f furan isA digestive tract reactionB folic acid deficiencyC hemolytic anemiaD peripheral neuritisE, A, and D48. antifungal agents that are effective against superficial and deep fungal infections areA griseofulvinB amphotericin BC fluoro cytosineD miconazoleClotrimazole, E49., antituberculosis drug

39、s, streptomycin, isoniazid, ammonia acid have the following characteristicsA kills tubercle bacillusB penetrates the cellC does not penetrate the cerebrospinal fluidD TB can produce resistanceE adverse reactions were mild50., the treatment of tuberculosis active period, the most appropriate choiceA

40、isoniazid + streptomycinB isoniazid +PASC isoniazid + rifampinD isoniazid + ethambutolE + butanol + streptomycinThe 51. best treatment for benign malariaA ethylamine + chloroquineB chloroquine + primary chloroquineCD chloroquine + artemisininE chloroquine + quinine52. metronidazole on the following

41、cases invalid?A amebic dysenteryB amebic cyst makerC amebic liver abscessD vaginal trichomoniasisE Giardia lamblia53. 、 the first choice for clinical treatment of mixed infection of many nematodes isA pyrimidineB piperazineC albendazoleD mebendazoleE praziquantel54. patients with organophosphorus po

42、isoning is foaming at the mouth, miosis, incontinence, facial muscle tremor, the treatment measures should be takenA clear poison, symptomatic treatmentB atropine aloneC for the sole use of phosphorus releaseD atropine + phosphorus phosphateE atropine + de phosphate + symptomatic55. female patients

43、50 years old, suffering from paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia for 5 years, and now appear palpitations, cold sweats, ECG, supraventricular tachycardia, the use of cardiac glycosides null and void, should be selectedA lidocaineB quinidineC nifedipineD verapamilE phenytoin sodium56. tuberculosi

44、s patients are taking isoniazid + streptomycin treatment for two months, recently appeared eyelid edema, considerA patients suffer from malnutrition and edemaB isoniazid causes kidney damageC pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with glomerulonephritisD streptomycin causes kidney damageE, C, and D are

45、 both possible57. 37 year old male suffering from chronic hepatitis with cirrhosis of the liver, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, hematemesis, hematochezia, bleeding volume of about 200ml, the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, should be givenSubcutaneous injection of A epinephrineB ice sa

46、line + norepinephrine oralC norepinephrine intravenous injectionD ice salt + epinephrine oralE intramuscular injection of vitamin K58. pharmacological bases for side effects of drugs areA. takes too longB. has an excessive affinity for tissues and organs for drugsC. airframe sensitivity is too highT

47、he dosage of D. is too largeThe selectivity of E. is low59. the median effective dose (ED50) of the qualitative response to the drug is the drugDose of A. combined with 50% receptorsB. caused the maximum effect of 50% of the doseC. caused a dose of 50% animal deathsD. caused a positive dose of 50% a

48、nimalsE.50% animals may be ineffective doses60., when the drug is combined with a specific receptor, it may either activate the receptor or block the receptor, depending onThe strength of the action of A. drugsDoes the B. drug have affinity?Dose size of C. drugsLipid solubility of D. drugsDoes the E

49、. drug have intrinsic activity?61. commonly used parameters that indicate drug safety areA. median lethal doseB. median effective doseC. treatment indexD. minimum effective doseE. 3762. the first pass elimination of drugs occurs inA. after sublingual administrationB. after inhalation administrationC

50、. after oral administrationD. after intravenous administrationE. after subcutaneous administration63. following the description of the placental barrier, the error isA. is the barrier between placental villi and uterine sinusoidsB. permeability is the same as that of normal capillariesC. almost all

51、drugs can passD. prevents the drug from entering the fetal blood circulation from the motherE. pregnant women should, in principle, disable all drugs that affect the development of the fetus64., the elimination of drugs by zero order kinetics refers toA. absorption and metabolism balanceB. removes t

52、he constant proportion of drugs per unit timeC. eliminates constant amounts of drugs per unit timeThe plasma concentration of D. reached a stable levelE. drugs are completely eliminated65. pilocarpine selectively activated receptors areA.M receptorB.N1 receptorC.N2 receptorD. alpha receptorE. beta r

53、eceptor66. the mechanism of organophosphate poisoning isA. activates cholinesteraseB. inhibits cholinesteraseC. activates phosphodiesteraseD. inhibits phosphodiesteraseE. inhibits adenylate cyclaseThe mechanism of organophosphate poisoning caused by 67. iodine phosphate release isA. blocks M choline

54、rgic receptorsB. blocks N cholinergic receptorsC. directly against acetylcholineD. revive the inactive cholinesteraseE. inhibited cholinesterase activity68. atropine acts as a cholinergic receptorA. has the same blocking effect on M and N cholinergic receptorsB. has the same blocking effect on N1 and N2 cholinergic receptorsC. has a highly selective blocking effect on M cholinergic receptors, and large doses also block the N1 cholinergic receptorD. has a highly select