复习动词的时态和语态

1、（八）动词的时态和语态 【考点概述】 2010 年全国及各自主命题省市英语高考单项选择题中, 考查时态的共有32 个小题, 由此可见对动词时态的考查仍然是高考的重点。近年来各地高考对动词时态的考查更侧重于语境化和交际化。高考考查的英语时态主要有10 种：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时，将来进行时，现在完成进行时。但其重点仍然是一般过去时和现在完成时、一般过去时和过去完成时、过去完成时和现在完成时的辨别。动词的语态一般与时态、语气或非谓语动词结合起来考，并通常是借助一定的语境，突出对其运用能力的考查。,【真题体验】 （2010 辽宁

2、卷）I all the cooking for my family,but recently Ive been too busy to do it. A.will do B.do C.am doing D.had done 2. （2010 全国卷域）Excuse me. I I was blocking your way. A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing 3. （2010 全国卷玉）The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to

3、 believe that a fortune . A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made 4. （2010 北京卷）Im not finished with my dinner yet. But our friends for us. A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting,B,A,C,D,5. （2010 湖南卷）I walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and v

4、egetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold 6.（2010 辽宁卷）Joseph to evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name?”in Russian. A.has been going B.went C.goes D.has gone 7.（2010 浙江卷）If you plant watermel

5、on seeds in the spring,you fresh watermelon in the fall. A.eat B.would eat C.have eaten D.will be eating 8.（2010 山东卷）Up to now, the program thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved,B,A,D,D,9. （2010 湖南卷）I was just going to cut my rose bushe

6、s but someone it. Was it you? A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do 10. (2010 国卷II) Linda，make sure the tables before the guests arrive. A.be set B. set C. are set D. are setting 11. (2010 北京卷) In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r”sounds at the end of the words . A. are dro

7、pped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 12. （2004 全国卷）Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change,B,C,A,A,13.（2009 重庆）Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future to the well-educated. A.

8、belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged 14. (2006 全国I、域) The water cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise. A.was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels,A,C,【考点扫描】 考点一：对一般现在时的考查 一般现在时常用来表示经常性、习惯性或反复发生的动作或经常存在的状态；也常用来表示客观事实、普遍真理；还可表示主语的特征、性格、能力等；在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来；

9、一般现在时还可用来表示已“列入日程”的或者按计划表/时刻表将要发生的事情。 如真题1，答案B，表示现阶段的一种状况，所以用一般现在时态。 考点二：对过去时态的考查 1. 考查一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时，还可表示说话人始料未及的事情或表示短暂过去的事实。如真题2，答案为A。,2. 考查过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”,而不是时间。在一定的语境中也可用于其他从句或句子中。

10、如真题3，选C，was to be made 表示过去将来。 考点三：对进行时态的考查 1.对现在进行时的考查 现在进行时由“be + 现在分词”，被动结构为“am / is /are + being + 过去分词”构成。高考主要考查其用法，即：表示现在某时间点正在进行的动作或现在某一段时间正在进行的动作。但说话时有可能没发生这个动作。如真题4，选D，用进行时are waiting 更符合句意。 2. 对过去进行时的考查 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。常与then, at that time, at this time yesterday 等时间状语连用。如真题5，选

11、B。表示过去某时正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。,3. 考查现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时的构成形式是“have / has been doing sth.”，意为“一直在做某事”。现在完成进行时没有被动语态，它强调动作在过去某一时间开始一直在进行直到现在，而且该动作往往对现在产生影响。由于现在完成进行时强调动作的持续时间，所以常带有感情色彩。例如： She has been looking after her paralysed stepfather with great care for 8 years. We all admire her very much. 又如：真题6，答案为A，句中

12、since last month，表示“自从上个月起”，说明动作从过去发生到现在一直在进行着，所以要用现在完成进行时态。又如： （2010 湖南卷）Im tired out. I all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping 答案为D。由语境可判断出该行为延续了一整个下午，并且还可能会持续下去，故用现在完成进行时。,4. 考查一般将来时和将来进行时 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，表示事物固

13、有的属性或必然趋势。例如：I will do it again tomorrow.(将要发生的动作) Fish will die without water.(事物的必然趋势)一般将来时的构成形式为“will do”,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。除此以外，还有如下的时态和结构可表示将要发生的动作和存在的状态。 1）表示按时刻表将要发生的动作，常用一般现在时表将来。如： The train leaves at ten a.m. 2）表示位置移动的动词常用进行时表将来，这样的动词有come, go, leave, start, fly, arrive 等。如： He is leaving for

14、Japan next week. 3）be going to do sth.常表示“打算做.”或有迹象表明将要发生的事。如： Dark clouds are gathering. Its going to rain. 4）be to do sth.表示按计划安排将要发生的动作，还可表示命令或注定要发生的动作。如： You are to clean the floor while Im to clean the windows. The doctor says the patient is not to be moved.,5）be about to do sth.表示“正要去做某事”，不与表将

15、来的时间状语连用。 如： The talk is about to begin. 将来进行时的构成为“will be doing”，主要表示将来某一时间进行的动作 或状态，或按预测、计划、安排等将会发生的事情。常用来表示礼貌的询问请 求，并带有很强的推测性。如真题7，答案为D。 考点四：对完成时态的考查 1.考查现在完成时态 现在完成时表示动作虽然发生在过去但现在已完成，它强调动作产生的结 果或影响现在仍存在。现在完成时除了可以和for, since 引导的状语连用外，还 可以和during /in / over the last (past) few years (months, weeks

16、 .), in recent years, recently, lately, up to / till now 等连用。如真题8，选D，up to now 是现 在完成时态的标志，所以空格处应使用现在完成时态,2. 考查过去完成时 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。过去完成时是相对时态，在使用时一定要以过去的某一时间或动作为参照物。过去完成时常用于下列几种情况： 1）在by the end of, by the time, until, before 等后接表示过去时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作时。例如： By the end of last yea

17、r, we had produced 20,000 cars. 2）表示未曾实现的过去的希望、打算、意图、诺言等时。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / expected 等，或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成时表示，即：hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought /wanted / expected to have done 等。例如： I had planned to pay a visit to you, but I had an unexpected vi

18、sitor. = I planned to have paid a visit to you, but I had an unexpected visitor.,3）“表示过去的时间名词+ before”在句子中作状语时。例如： He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.又如：真题9，答案为B，该动作发生在was just going to cut 之前，即表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。 考点五：考查被动语态的用法 1.不知道谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。如真题10，答案为C。 2.没有必要说出谁是动作的执行者

19、时，用被动语态。如真题11，答案为A。 3.需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。例如： Football is played in most middle schools.在大多数中学里都踢足球。,4.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，通常是把主动句中的间接宾语(指人)变为被动句的主语，但也可把主动句的直接宾语（指物）变为被动句的主语，这时应在间接宾语前加介词to 或for。例如： She gave me a book.(主动句） I was given a book by her.(被动句) A book was given to me by her.(被动句) 5.复合宾语的被动语

20、态 若主动句中含有宾语+宾语补足语时，就将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补位置不变，成为被动句中的主语补足语。例如： We call him Xiao Liu.(主动句)He is called Xiao Liu(by us).(被动句) 若主动句中的宾语补足语是省略to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，to 须补上。 例如： They heard her sing a song at the party.(主动句) She was heard to sing a song at the party.(被动句),6.短语动词的被动语态 主句谓语动词为短语动词时，变为被动语态后，末尾的介词或副词不可

21、丢掉。例如： She takes good care of her grandmother at home. Her grandmother is taken good care of (by her) at home. 考点六：考查“get + 过去分词”构成的被动语态 动词get 有时也可跟及物动词的过去分词一起构成被动语态，这种结构侧重于动作的结果，如：I got caught in the rain and my suit has been ruined. 又如真题12, get changed 意为“换衣服”。故答案为A。,考点七：考查主动形式表示被动意义 主动形式表示被动意义常用于

22、下列情况：look, feel, taste, smell, sound 等表 示感觉器官、功能的系动词；prove, turn out 做系动词，表示“结果证明是”；go on 表示“衣服/鞋帽穿得上”；sell / wash / write / last 等充当不及物动词+easily / smoothly / well 等副词构成动副搭配，表示事物内部特有的属性；weigh 表示“物 体所称重量为.”；open 表示“店铺开张营业”；stay fresh 表示“保鲜”；belong to 表示“属于”。如真题13，选A。belong to 不可用于被动语态。真题14，答案为 C。feel

23、 此处为系动词，意为“接触起来有某种感觉”，不用被动语态。,2. (2010 长春第一次调研)I saw Lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.Impossible. She the Internet with me in my home then. A. surfed B. had surfed C. would surf D. was surfing 3. (2010 届成都玉林中学月考) He will have learned English for eight years by the time he

24、 from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate 4. (2010 届浙江嘉兴一中摸底测验)Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?Terry？Never！She tents and fresh air! A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates 5. (2010 届福建检测) Since the beginning of the va

25、cation，I across the country, and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains. A. had traveled B. will travel C. have been traveling D. was traveling,(2010 上海春招)The employees that they should renew their contracts within a week. A. advise B. have advised C. are advised D. had been advised,C,D,C,D,C,6. (2010届苏

26、州调研)Whats your opinion about my suggestion? Sorry, I . Would you please say it again? A. hadnt listened B. wouldnt listen C. wasnt listening D. didnt listen 7. (2010 届安徽芜湖一中一模)Got your driving license?No. I too busy to have enough practice, so I didnt take the driving test last week. A. was B. am C.

27、 have been D. had been 8. (2010 西安质量检测) We havent moved into the new office building it right now. A. is decorating B. has been decorated C. is being decorated D. has been decorating 9. (2010 届抚顺一中质检)With the help of high technology，more and more new substances in the past years. A. discovered B. ha

28、ve discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered,C,D,C,D,10. (2010 届皖南八校联考)Weve been told the good news，but when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation yet. A. are not discussed B. have not been discussed C. is not being discussed D. has not been discussed 11. (2010 东城检测)Right no

29、w the government is trying to control the number of people who by H1N1 flu. A. have been affected B. have affected C. are affected D. affect 12. (2010 届合肥检测)Although many measures ，the worlds economy is still going down. A. were taken B. have been taken C. will be taken D. are taken,D,C,B,2. D. 根据对话内容可知，昨天晚上九点时Lucy 在我家和我一起上网，因此用过 去进行