句子成分 (2)

1、句子的成分预习1）I am a student. 2）They are friends.3）We went to the movies yesterday. 4）She is watching TV.5）He is going camping next week. 6）-Where is Li Lei? -He has gone to Japan.句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、 谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。主语The Subject主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般

2、由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。主语一般在句首。Gina is from Australia. Lucy is an American girl.She often goes to the movies. We study in No.1 Middle School.The classroom is very clean. Three plus five equals eight.To teach them English is my job. It is my job to teach them English.不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型Gina, Lucy,Sh

3、e,We,The classroom,Three plus five,To teach them English名 词Noun（n.）我们身边存在着形形色色的人和物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词。概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词都叫名词。 如： Tom,China,boy,door,pencil,peace谓 语The Predicate说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。 谓语一般在主语后面。We are both quiet. He has a tootha

4、che. His parents are teachers.She looks well. We study hard. We have finished the job. He can speak English.are quiet;has a toothache;are teachers;looks well;study;have finished;can speak表 语The Predicative说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。 一般在系动词后面。Her mother is a bank clerk. Are

5、 you ready? Our country is getting stronger.You look younger than before. They are at home now. My book is on the desk.Everybody is here.a bank clerk;ready;getting stronger;younger;at home;on the desk;here宾 语The Object表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。 一般在谓语之后。 All of us like him. Hes

6、 playing soccer. Can I ask some questions?She is playing the piano now. He often helps me.Lucy likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.him;soccer;questions;the piano;me;to sleep;living定语The Attribute用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。 因为名词、代词既可做主语，又可做表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡有名

7、词、代词的地方都可以有定语。I have something to do. Whats your name,please?Shes a good basketball player. The girl behind the tree is my sister.The little boy gave me a big apple. The black bike is mine. They made paper flower.to do;your;good;behind the tree;little, big;black;paper状语The Adverbial用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表

8、示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语不定式或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。People are all working hard. Beijing is not very cold in winter.He did it carefully. They want to see her very badly.Without his help,we couldnt work it out. Suddenly it began to rain.He sat there smoking. 补 语英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语才能

9、表达完整的意思。“宾语+宾语补足语”合称复合宾语。宾语补足语主要用来说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等充当。I found it very difficult to find work. Yesterday he got his leg broken.We found Lily out when we arrived. The boss kept them working all day.I saw a stranger enter the building. If you let me go,I will make you king.Leave the d

10、oor open.句子成分随堂练Last week I went to the supermarket. The play was very interesting.I cant hear a word. They were talking loudly.It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays.I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.My holidays passed qui

11、ckly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.I got up early and bought thirty cards.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.He calls at every ho

12、use in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.Its school time again! Youre probably feeling excited and maybe a little sad that summer is over. Some kids feel nervous or a little scared on the first day of school because of all the new things: new teachers, new friend

13、s, and even a new school. Luckily, these “new” worries only stick around for a little while. Lets find out more about going to a new school.Most teachers kick off the new school year by introducing themselves and talking about all the stuff youll be doing that year. Some teachers give students a cha

14、nce to tell something about themselves to the rest of the class, too. When teachers do the talking on the first day, they often go over classroom rules and school rules so youll know whats allowed and whats not. Please pay close attention You might already know a lot of people in your classes on the

15、 first day, but its a great day to make a new friend, so try to say hello to kids you know and new ones that you dont. Make the first move and youll be glad you did, and so will your new friend!Seeing friends you havent seen in a while can make the first day a good one. You can make the day feel spe

16、cial by wearing clothes that you really like. Maybe you got a great T-shirt on one of your vacations, or a pair of sneakers（运动鞋）. It also can make you feel good to be prepared and have all the things you need, such as pencils, folders, and whatever else youll be needing. But make sure that you pack

17、them the night before in case you dont have time in the morning.56. The underlined phrase “kick off” in the second paragraph probably means “_”.A. start B. study C. find D. teach57. The last paragraphs mainly tell us about _.A. what to know about a new school B. how to prepare for a new school C. wh

18、at to do on your first day of school D. how to spend your first day of school58. According to the passage you usually do everything on the first day of school except _.A. introduce yourself B. learn about the school rules C. make new friends D. go over your new lessons59. If you happen to see an old

19、 friend on the first day of school, from the passage we know that you will feel _A. nervous B. lucky C. happy D. excitedB Its good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant. Its also good to get along with your teacher because, in general, its

20、smart to learn how to relate to the different types of people youll meet throughout your life. But really, theres one super-important reason why you should get along with your teacher. When you do, “learning bursts right open,” says Evelyn Vuko, a longtime teacher who writes an education column call

21、ed “Teacher Says” for the Washington Post newspaper. In fact, kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but theyre also more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier to understand new material and do the best on tests. When you have this kind of rel

22、ationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to when you have problems, such as problems with learning, school issues, or bullying.As a kid in elementary or middle school, youre at a wonderful stage in your life. Youre like a sponge（海绵）, able to take in lots of new and exciting informa

23、tion. On top of that, youre able to think about all this information in new ways. Remember teachers are people too, and they feel great if youre open to what theyre teaching you. Thats why they wanted to be teachers in the first placeto teach!In every school, kids will say certain teachers are tough. In fact, in most cases, your teacher wants to help you. And a teacher whos called tough may be someone who feels strongly about getting his or her job done teaching you what you are supposed to learn. 60. How do you understand the phrase “get along with” in this