八A语法复习资料

1、广州版牛津初中英语8A语法总结 Mr . PanUnit 1 语法：Should 和ought to 意义1：“最好”（用于建议）。Should 和ought to 意义接近。You should put your rubbish in the bin.The waiter ought to be more careful.情态动词should 和ought to 和其它动词一起用。在情态动词后这些动词用动词原形。I should discuss it.当主语变化时，句子的其他部分不需要改变。Should we discuss it now?Yes, we should. No, we sho

2、uldnt.Ought we to discuss it now? Yes, we ought to. No, we ought not to.意义2：“应该”（用于更正）。Jane is a good typewriter. That should be typist.Peter is a good cooker. That ought to be cook.Unit 2 语法(1)：不定式有些动词后面还接有另外的动词。后面的第二个动词是以“to+动词原形”出现的，我们称为“不定式”。Pansy wanted to write an article on detectivesSally ne

3、ver forgets to do her homework.I agreed to go with them.We decided to go out for dinner.I hope to study in France.We plan to visit her tomorrow.Unit 2 语法(2)：动名词有些有两个动词的句子里，后面的第二个动词可能是以“动词加.ing”形式出现的，我们称动名词. 第一个动词都是及物动词，常见的及物动词和短语有：盼望享受不放弃; 完成练习再坚持;look forward to, enjoy, give up; finish, practice, k

4、eep on;喜欢购物不停止; 讨厌建议很介意like ,go (shopping),stop; hate, suggest, mindI like working as a detective.I like learning English.John enjoys collecting things.She practices playing the piano every morning.Li Ming finished doing his homework at nine in the evening.He suggested going to the cinema.She often

5、goes shopping on weekends.Unit 3 语法(1)：形容词比较比较两个事物时，在短些的形容词后加上-er词尾；而在较长的形容词前面加上另外的单词more. 如：l cheap, high 加词尾erl heavy-heavierl big-biggerl useful, expensive 在前面加单词more比较级经常和than一起。I am cleverer than a computer.Books are cheaper than computers.Computers are more expensive than books.Unit 3 语法(2)：形容

6、词最高级比较的事物超过两个时，在短些的形容词后加上-est词尾；而在较长的形容词前面加上另外的单词most. 而且在most 前经常加上the.l fast, long 加词尾： -estl heavy-heaviestl big-biggestl essential, interesting 在前面加单词 morel 一些不规则形容词：good-better-best; bad-worse-worstUnit 4 语法：现在完成时态现在完成时态描述过去和现在。而一般过去时态只表达过去完成了的动作，它并不涉及现在的情况。选用哪个时态，取决于该动作是否和现在相关。I have visited H

7、ong Kong. (So Hong Kong is not new to me now 所以我现在了解香港了.)I visited Hong Kong last summer. (I will visit Macau this summer.)They have just arrived In Beijing. (so they are in Beijing now.所以现在他们在北京。)Liu Mei went to Beijing last week. (And she may be in Tianjin now.)My car has broken down. (So it is st

8、ill broken now. I have to take a taxi to work.所以现在还是坏的，我得打的上班。)My car broke down. (And I dont know if it is OK now.)#在现在完成时态我们可以使用this morning, this afternoon 和 today，前提是这个时间段还没有结束。It has been rainy this afternoon. (现在还是下午时间)It was rainy this afternoon. (Now it is in the evening.)难点：l already 已经（现在完

9、成时）；yet已经（现在完成时的否定和问句）l just刚（现在完成时）；just now刚才（一般过去时）l since 1989自从1989（现在完成时）；10 years ago十年前（一般过去时）l since 10 years ago（现在完成时）l before以前（现在完成时）; before 10 oclock（不用现在完成时）Unit 5 语法：What或 how引导的感叹句What a clever boy (he is)! 多么聪明的小男孩啊!How clever (the boy is)! 这小男孩多聪明啊!在口语中常省略括号部分（即主语和动词）。又如：How cold

10、！多冷啊！What heavy traffic！交通多挤啊！句型：What + 形容词+名词！ （形容词前面用 a 或an修饰单数的可数名词。）How+ 形容词或者副词！如：1. What a beautiful flower!What beautiful flowers!How beautiful!2. What an interesting book! What interesting books!How interesting!3.What nice music!How nice!4. What bad weather it is! What bad weather! 5. How lu

11、cky he is! How lucky! 6. How quickly time passed! How fast! 7. How dull the speech is! How dull! 感叹句和特殊疑问句的区别：感叹句：How busy you are！你多么忙啊！疑问句：How busy are you？你有多忙？（主语和动词顺序颠倒）这两种句子的根本区别在于：感叹句后面是主语+动词，而疑问句的语序动词+主语。Unit 6 语法：副词修饰名词的是形容词。如：#漂亮的女孩子:a beautiful girl修饰动词、形容词，或者表示时间、地点、方式、程度的就是副词。如：#她温柔地说，“

12、你好”。she said gently, hi.#她病得很严重。She is seriously ill.#我经常坐巴士上学。I often go to school by bus.多数副词是由形容词加ly变成的。转换规则：1.直接加ly. 如： careful, slow, quick2.辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，y改ily. 如：happy, angry, heavy3.有些不规则的变化，需要记住：#good-well. Is she a good singer? yes, she sings well.# true-truly#le改ly: terrible-terribly, gent

13、le-gently I feel terrible. I am terribly sorry.有些形容词和副词是形式相同。low, fast, late, early, much, little, hard.#He is a hard worker. He works hard.#She is a fast typist. She can type fast.#Do you like late dinners? No, I dont like to eat late.注意：hard 1)困难的，硬的（形容词）；2)辛苦地，猛烈地（副词）3)hardly几乎不（副词）friendly 友好的（形

14、容词）；lovely 可爱的（形容词）Unit 6 语法：被动语态主动句告诉我们谁做了什么事，而被动句经常不告诉我们谁做了什么事。主动句: Damin pushes the birds into the water with the pole.大民把鸟用竹竿推进水里。被动句：Some fish are sold .有些鱼 被卖 了。动词的被动式是由 be+过去分词 构成。（句子的时态和数都由新动词 be 体现）。The fish are removed from the birds mouths by Damin.鱼被大民从鸟嘴里取出来。Some fish were sold by Damin

15、. 有些鱼 被大民 卖了。 Unit 7 语法 (1)：# Why 和 becauseWhy 是“为什么”，because “因为”。-Why do we use a lot of chemicals? -Because they are so useful.Our atmosphere is changing because we are polluting it with chemicals.-为什么我们要用化学物质？ -因为化学物质很有用。我们的大气正在变化因为我们在用化学物质污染它。Unit 7 语法 (2)# (Not) as . As我们用这个短语表达类似或不类似。Without

16、atmosphere, Earth would be as cold as the surface of the moon.没有大气层，地球会和月球表面一样冰冷。# like, the same as, different from我们用 like 表达类似 ；我们用 the same as 表达同样；我们用 different from 表达不象或不同 。它们经常和系动词一起使用，如：look(看起来), seem, be, sound等。Earth is round like the moon. 地球象月球（一样圆）。Alices dress looks like Anns. Alice的

17、衣服看起来象Ann的。Leaf A is the same as leaf B.叶子A和B一样。Oranges smell different from apples.橙子和苹果闻起来不同。Unit 7 语法 (3) #常用比较方法归纳一、the same(as) 表示两者相同。如： 1. We are the same age.我们同龄。 2. Our classroom is the same size as theirs.我们的教室和他们的一样大。 二、different(from) 表示两者不同。如： 1. English is different from Chinese.英语和汉语不同。 2. To eat in a fast food restaurant is quite different from that in a Chinese restaurant.在快餐馆和在中国餐馆吃饭完全不同。 三、A 比较级 B 句型表示A胜过B。如：1. Tom is taller than I am.汤姆比我高。 2. It is much colder today than it was yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。 四、 as.as 表示程度相同，not so.as 表示前者不如后者。如：1. Im as ta