高考英语语法填空命题解析及解题技巧

1、语法填空,高考英语语法填空 命题解析及解题技巧,主讲人：中山市华侨中学 于洋,考 点分析,一是掌握基础语法：要复习课程标准或考纲“附录2 语法项目表”中规定的24个语法项目。切实掌握每个项目中的基本用法，不淡化，但也不必深化。千万注意语法不要过细、过繁、过多、过难，不要将简单语法复杂化，而应想方设法使复杂的语法简单化，让语法变得更简、更易、更有趣。二是熟悉常见考点语法。,考点1：名词 弄清数与格。即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格。 2015课标I.the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _ (painting

2、). 分析因painting是可数名词，由many修饰，应用复数，故填paintings。,例2It will be about an _ (hour) from here. 分析句意是“离这里大约有一个小时的车程”，“一个小时的”用所有格，故填hours。,考点2：代词 从近两年的真题来看，若要求考生填物主代词、宾格代词、反身代词等时，命题人会给出其基本形式人称代词的主格；如果题目本身是要求考生填代词的基本形式，如主格人称代词，it，或some,any,another,both等不定代词，是不给提示词的。 2015课标I A few hours before,Id been at home

3、in Hong Kong, with_(it) chocking smog. 分析在名词前作定语应填形容词性物主代词，指代 “HongKong的” 故填its。,2011广东Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes_ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. 分析因but后的并列句中缺主语，故应填代词；根据语境不难推出走开坐到我附近的应是他后面的那些人，即other people，指人，是复数，且作主语，应当填they。,

4、例3 The children amused _ (they) by playing hide-and-seek games. 分析缺宾语，应填代词；这些孩子拿谁取乐，应是“自娱自乐，游玩(amuse oneself)”，与主语The children一致，故填themselves。类似的短语还有enjoy oneself (玩得开心), teach oneself(自学), adapt oneself (适应), dress oneself(自己穿衣), devote oneself to(致力于), by oneself(单独地)等。,考点3：冠词 不定冠词表示泛指，可译作“一个/本/座/

5、”等；定冠词表示特指，相当于“这，这些，那，那些”。另外，搞清特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物用the，以及在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的事物名词之前，用the。如： 2014课标INow, years later, this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. 分析在最高级前要用the。,例2 He is _ honest businessman, according to what everyone says. 分析 可译作：根据大家的评说，他是一个诚实的商人。表示“一个

6、”，用不定冠词，honest的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。,考点4：连词 并列连词。 连接两个或几个词、短语或句子的并列连词有and, or, but, neithernor, eitheror, whetheror等。 2014课标I But the river wasnt changed in a few days_ even a few months. 分析 前后是两个并列成分，根据句意可知填or，表示“或者”。, 从属连词。 1. 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。注意关系词是代表先行词并在定语从句中作句子成分的。 2. 引导名词性从句的连接代词或连接副词(有意义，并在从句中作句子成

7、分)，以及that(不作任何句子成句，没有任何意义), 和表示“是否”的whether/if。其中要特别注意连接代词what的意义和用法。,2014课标I Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy. 分析定语从句中从句缺少主语，应该填关系代词，因为先行词是habit，故填that/which。 例3 Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than _ we have done. 分析在宾语从句中

8、作have done的宾语，相当于the thing that，用连接代词what。,3. 引导状语从句的从属连词。 例4 We camped there _ it was too dark to go on. 分析因“天太黑不能继续走了”是“我们在那里宿营”的原因，故填because。,考点5：介词 主要是at, in, on, for, since, with, without, from, as, after, before, behind 等表示时间、地点、原因等的介词以及习惯用语中的介词。 2015课标I For those who fly to Guilin, its only a

9、n hour away_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 分析 表示乘坐交通工具，用by。,考点6：谓语动词 谓语动词主要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。从历年全国卷来看，考得最多的是一般现在时和一般过去时，且只需看看上下文中谓语动词是用什么时态，跟着用什么时态就行了，十分简单。,2013广东He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he_ (find) that he had run out of salt. 分析在主语人称代词h

10、e后作谓语，是谓语动词；因he与find是主动关系，用主动语态，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时，故填found。,2014广东Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _ (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week 分析由tell sb. sth. 可知，用被动语态，表示我们“被告知” ; 又由上下文的时态(如went, sa

11、id)可知，用一般过去时，故填were told。,2015课标IIt was raining lightly when I _(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 分析当我在黄昏之前到达阳朔的时候，正下着小雨。因前面was raining判断，此处用arrived。,考点7：非谓语动词 动词是作谓语用的，当动词不是作谓语时，而是作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语时，该动词就要用非谓语形式：to do(即用to+原形), doing(即-ing形式), done(即-ed形式)。 根据三种形式的不同用法，以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系等来确定具体用哪种形式

12、。,2015课标IAbercrombie and Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and HongKong. 分析因已有谓语动词arranges，live是非谓语动词作后置定语，又因people与live是主动关系，故填living。,例2_(build) in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. 分析句中已有谓语动词is，所以build是非谓语动词作状语

13、；又因the bridge与build是被动关系，故填Built。 2014课标IBut the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months. It took years of work_(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 分析句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故应填to reduce。,例4_ (collect) stamps seems to be his main hobb

14、y. 分析因seems to be是谓语了，collect应为非谓语；由句子结构可知,填Collecting，动名词短语作主语，当然填To collect也是正确的。,考点8：词类转换 要求考生搞清楚，什么词类在句中作什么成分，或什么成分用什么词类的词来充当。复习要点主要有： 作主语、宾语、表语，用名词。 2015课标IIIn addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _ (able) to “air condition” a house without using el

15、ectric equipment. 分析作表语，而且在形容词性物主代词后面，要用名词，故填ability。, 作定语、补语、表语，用形容词。 2015课标II As _(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 分析此处用来修饰名词architects，故应用形容词作定语，答案为natural。, 作状语，用副词修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或修饰全句。 2014课标IT

16、he river was so polluted that it _(actual) caught fire and burned. 分析修饰动词caught，作状语，填副词actually。,考点9：比较等级 当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境，理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通，就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。 2014课标IFinally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is_ (clean) than ever. 分析由than可知，要用比较级，故填cleane

17、r。,了解语法填空的考点和考法对解题非常有用。具体步骤大致为： 略读全文抓大意。 分析句子结构，根据所填词在句中充当什么成分确定要填哪类词，即从句子结构的完整性去思考该填哪类词。 根据句子意思的完整性去思考具体填哪个词。 根据前后句子之间的逻辑关系确定填适当的并列连词或从句的引导词。 先易后难，等容易的做好后再考虑难题。做完后再通读一遍，认真检查。,2016 课标卷I,Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pan

18、das are its top _61_ (attract). So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_62_ (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _63_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.,attraction,was allowed,offically,But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the