华中科技大学考博英语试题

1、大家一起讨论下这些题目的答案,我做了后快崩溃了考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国, f M* H6 o6 c+ p$ P华中科技大学考博论坛/ n5 e6 _ a: j# G9 7 Q# v, a# G, G2007年招收博士研究生入学考试试题. yz+ G! 6 考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,考试科目：英语6 C0 d w0 y, a7 Qq; |4 a4 V考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,适用专业：各专业 % G4 k* 8 q? ox考博论坛( q$ J+ Y

2、5 D+ J5 k2 K# 1 , j, r9 u$ q* S- e3 w考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,(除画图题外，所有答案都必须写在答题纸上，写在试& o6 h k/ d; W% E1 q5 J X% O考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,题上及草稿纸上无效，考完后试题随答题纸交回)) V9 c4 r8 L/ J6 Z( ?+ _ C% 6 C5 y1 L# m& OM% w* X, X1 % M$ i9 N考博论坛Part I Cloze (0.5x20=10%)考博,考博网,考

3、博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,) IF- Q& a- G9 x) Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.3 D5 L5 d6 i+ R$ A考博论坛 In Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva, lies a collection of laboratorie

4、s and buildings, and, 1curious of all, a circular mound of2more than 650 feet in diameter. This cluster has unique importance. It is Europes 3 atomic city dedicated to4the atom for peaceful purposes. M* R* Z 8 q3 N1 s5 T考博论坛 The strange buildings 5the European Council for Nuclear Research, more popu

5、larly known, from 6 French initials, as CERN. The council was 7when a handful of statesmen and scientific experts 8 in Paris in 1950. Their aim was to “ 9an organization providing for co-operation among European states10nuclear research of a pure scientific and fundamental character.”6 e6 l; Q6 d M!

6、 ?/ U考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国, The CERN agreement was11in 1953, and work on the atomic city began in 1954. today CERNs12are among the most modern and the most diversified in the world.13as the scientific aspect may be, the real significance of CERN may lie14the thousand people the scien

7、tists, lab workers, and administrative15drawn from the fourteen member nations 16populate it. British engineers work17with Swiss electricians and Yugoslav nuclear physicists. The18languages are French and English, with German an unofficial third. But BERN is19tower of Babel the language of science i

8、s20and all-embracing. 2 I ! iH4 s( 2 V1. A. best B. chiefly C. most D. mostly! x6 P, q2 U8 d# I( P2 X: x$ 2. A. earth B. dirt C. mud D. soil0 m! E9 p! V% w- T3. A. one and best B. one and onlyC. one and anD. one and merely A2 j8 q+ ! V8 V4. A. investigationB. being investiga

9、tedC. investigateD. investigating0 e$ Z s9 F& A7 M g2 v5. A. work with B. belong to C. consist ofD. are located in7 n6 R O$ W! d0 - d+ J6. A. his B. their C. its D. those6 f e6 F& q1 N k8 k6 b考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,7. A. come into being B. constructedC. erectedD. born 8 x$ zd6 1 SJ8.

10、A. joined B. developed C. met D. met with1 : A9 D5 Q3 s1 T) C7 ; |1 I9. A. found B. put up C. build D. establish4 r* Nn* O$ I8 I考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,10. A. in B. on C. for D. about* q5 o$ m2 ) z0 _考博论坛11. A. sealed B. signed C. securedD. settled$ N; P( w2 M( x4

11、 f3 RN+ B考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,12. A. resources B. accommodationsC. facilitiesD. funds l* Rt0 c4 d4 i) w4 Mi& S13. A. ImpressionisticB. ImpressingC. ImpressedD. Impressive+ _$ S& Y% I N, B! A14. A. in B. with C. on D. at9 w( d/ Y9 z& b. Q15. A. crew

12、B. crowd C. party D. group考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,4 e7 X+ c7 n4 j P! ?16. A. whoever B. who C. which D. whatever考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,# ; T3 A; s c/ A, y; 17. A. side by sideB. back to backC. heart to heartD. face to face2 K5 Y7 t/ i4 a考博论坛18. A. l

13、iving B. authentic C. official D. real3 i& zG; h 7 o4 _6 q n9 M考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,19. A. the B. a C. not D. no考博论坛. N9 S& K* * S- n20. A. worldwideB. infinite C. universalD. comprehensive$ y K6 B% K# l- F考博论坛考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国

14、,; W6 8 j+ G$ V1 R& vPart II.Reading comprehension (20x2=40%)4 c; , z , p5 A- Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.# T0 H6 O; B & ( 考博,考博网,考博

15、论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,Passage one # q. ) b0 W Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that change diachronically in response to new scientific and medical discoveries. Historically, doctors defined a disease according to a cluster of symp

16、toms, and as their clinical descriptions became more sophisticated, they started to classify diseases into separate groups, so that from this medical taxonomy came new insights into disease etiology. Before the 20th century, schizophrenia and syphilitic insanity were treated as the same disease, but

17、 by early 1900 it became evident that psychoses without associated dementia represented a separate disease for which the term schizophrenia was then coined. The definition of schizophrenia continues to evolve from the psychiatric disease of the 1960s to an illness with a suspected genetic etiology,

18、though the existence of such an etiology remains uncertain. While an optimistic hunt is still on for the genes involved, we must continue to define schizophrenia in terms of the presence or absence of “positive” and “negative” symptoms.; J4 % O8 u4 w4 X! O2 M, j# H考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题

19、,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,Labeling someone as diseased, however, has enormous individual, social, financial, and physical implications, for irrespective of disease symptoms, the label itself may lead to significant distress. Individuals with asymptomatic conditions, including genetic variations, may

20、be perceived by themselves or others as having a disease. It is not that labeling someone as diseased is always positive-it does have severe ramifications, affecting decisions to have children or resulting in unjust treatment by life, medical, and disability insurers-but it can be beneficial, legiti

21、mizing symptoms, clarifying issues of personal responsibility, and improving accessibility to health care. Nevertheless, deviations from normal that are not associated with risk should not be considered synonymous with disease. Two schools-nominalist and essentialist or reductionist-have debated the

22、 clinical criteria used to label a patient as diseased. Nominalists label symptoms with a disease name, such as schizophrenia, and do not offer an explanation of the underlying etiology, while essentialists contend that for every disease there is an underlying pathological etiology, and now argue th

23、at the essential lesion defining the disease state is a genetic abnormality./ k5 W1 k5 O, Z, B* z L& H! r考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,It has been suggested that diseases defined according to the essentialist tradition may be precisely wrong, whereas those defined in th

24、e nominalist traditional may be roughly accurate. But in labeling a disease state, we must consider both the phenotype (symptoms) or the genotype (genetic abnormality), for adverse consequences, while the latter helps suggest specific genetic or pharmacologic therapies. Thus, both clinical criteria

25、and genetic abnormalities should be used to define a disease state, and the choice of a disease definition will vary according to what one wishes to achieve, the genetic counseling of family members or the effective treatment of the patient. M; e; |# ( a) y+ l! 考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,

26、21. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with 1 P( K7 f6 zr5 EA) proposing a return to a traditional taxonomical system 6 j0 C D7 z) N7 . VSB) describing an way to resolve a taxonomical dilemma # N5 R% E! V3 hC) assessing the success of a new taxonomical method 6

27、q K3 % x: TD) predicting a change in future taxonomy6 J& M0 c9 F& Z* f1 L* ! N H! X; w Yh22. It can be inferred that the author considers the way schizophrenia has been classified by doctors after 1960 to be an example of which of the following?考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,

28、免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,: 1 M9 o l, ( G$ u; EA) A disease which resisted traditional methods of classification, but has been served well by modern methods of classification$ S+ q; h3 |; s& _ lB) A disease which has resisted modern methods of classification, and continues to require

29、a traditional method of classification考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,% V2 c% ( P |. d# T C) A disease which satisfies modern methods of classification best, but which scientists prefer to classify through a traditional method 考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导

30、,考博.中国, C8 S& G) x7 X; TD) A disease which satisfies traditional methods of classification best, but which scientists prefer to classify through a modern method 3 k( 4 f% V+ S6 U23. According to the passage, an adherent of the “nominalist school would classify a rare new fever in

31、 which of the following ways?考博论坛l) C l3 J V2 M( t0 ?A) She would wait until the disease appears in other patients, then classify it by establishing variations in their symptoms.考博论坛! W y% S4 * P) P* cB) She would determine whether the disease is acquired or genetic, then classify it accordingly.) _

32、7 l0 5 N3 o* zC) She would isolate the bacteria or virus or genetic anomaly which causes the disease, then classify it accordingly.考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,# v6 ?# % B S, s# y$ n2 _, FD) She would describe the patients symptoms, compare them to patients who have ha

33、d similar symptoms, then treat the pattern as a disease.考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,3 A$ n8 5 R2 e 9 o24. Which of the following best describes the function of the last paragraph in relation to the passage as a whole?& fG& F% 2 v5 iA) It summarizes the benefits that m

34、ay accrue from a perfected system of pathological taxonomy.考博论坛/ f6 y/ c* D3 q7 / l5 Z6 B) It provides additional reasons why pathological taxonomy is a difficult endeavor.% H0 ?) R# A4 m7 a! u$ S+ Y T dC) It argues for a synthesis of two methods of pathological taxonomy already in use. 3 U6 T3 m) :

35、 E1 B$ S* s+ p: SD) It continues to highlight the differences between two methods of taxonomical pathological taxonomy.4 q# R% h8 Y考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,25. It can be inferred that which of the following situations is likely to be most problematic to an adherent of the “e

36、ssentialist” method of pathological taxonomy?考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,$ ) Q) |1 M x2 E N5 ?* oA) A patient suffering from fever, in which the virus that is apparently responsible for the symptoms has not been isolated3 E D) X0 e5 k; V7 |5 IB) A patient

37、suffering from lung inflammation which, though resembling other inflammations, does not respond to any known treatments$ f: g# ?( r! A- _. gC) A patient suffering from a genetic anomaly whose cause may be known but whose consequences remain unidentified Y4 n1 pZ2 h( z, ; R* ID) A case of a patient w

38、ith symptoms that may have arisen from two known diseases of different sources2 H. H% L, z* N考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,: . Q. b$ % T. V& cPassage two$ z* r% p- z/ J! J考博论坛 The world has spent on preparations for war more than $112 billion a year, roughly $450 per head for every man, woma

39、n, and child in the world. Let us consider for a moment what could be done with this sum of money if it were spent on peace and not on war. Some of it, at any rate, I the more prosperous countries, could be spent on the reduction of taxation. The rest should be spent in ways that will, at the same t

40、ime, be of benefit to mankind and a solution to the economic problem of conversion from war industry to the expansion of peace industries. As to this expansion, let us begin with the most elementary of all needs, namely, food. At present, the majority of mankind suffers from undernourishment, and, i

41、n view of the population explosion, this situations is likely to grow worse in coming decades. A very small part of what is now being spent upon armaments would rectify our predicament. Not only could the American surplus of grain, which was for many years uselessly destroyed, be spent in relief of

42、famine, but, by irrigation, large regions now desert could be made fertile, and, by improvement in transport, distribution from regions of excess to regions of scarcity could be facilitated.考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,, p- F5 t. T( W; h Housing, even in the richest countries, is often disa

43、strously inadequate. This could be remedied by a tiny fraction of what is being spent on missiles. Education everywhere, but especially I the newly liberated countries of Africa and Asia, demands an expenditure many times as great as that which it receives at present. But it is not only greater expe

44、nditure that is needed in education. If the terror of war were removed, science could be devoted to improving human welfare, instead of to the invention of increasingly expensive methods of mutual slaughter, and schools would no longer think it a part of their duty to promote hatred of possible enem

45、ies by means of ignorance tempered by lies. : ?) d# D- |% * q By the help of modern techniques, the world could enter upon a period of happiness and prosperity far surpassing anything known in previous history. All this is possible. It requires only a different outlook on international affairs and a

46、 different state of mind toward those notions which are now regarded as enemies. This is possible, I repeat, but it cannot be done all at once. To reverse the trend of affairs in the most powerful nations of the world is no light task and will require a difficult process of re-education. 4 e% c. q/

47、S: M p# l26. By diverting some or all of the money spent on preparation for war to peaceful purposes, all of the following benefits would occur except that _., p/ y. * - c8 H7 a# c4 C考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,A) education could be improved: t5 BA3 sO: E2 B) science

48、could concentrate on improving human welfare考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,. 7 |( o, 2 a# L9 j* C) better housing could be 9 h: X# p X o, ) pD) the population explosion could be controlled0 T8 p; m8 & Y. O; 27. Schools at the present time often have t

49、o make use of _.考博论坛! c% z5 r# c- Y2 ! tA) inadequate funds# g. X: U2 B+ J* ?$ m9 BB) untrained teaches考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,+ G- b7 V6 L6 - E7 s- SC) poor buildings0 H* T, z) t7 eD) lies in order to promote hatred of possible enemies3 |1 w3 E; Y考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博

50、论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,28. The problem of undernourishment will become more critical because _.8 y; r% O. W x: - P, uA) America destroys its surplus goods: i0 r- g, c# T) M8 X考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,B) there is inadequate shipping考博,考博网,考博论坛,免

51、费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,+ D* X/ t9 / m8 J$ R/ kC) of the population explosion0 u6 o+ # T5 N F+ D) of lack of irrigation考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,S* D6 x2 w- Y e1 d29. The adjective that best describes this author is _.考博论坛2 X! J+ k |# W m- q# V$ GA) quixotic B) lug

52、ubrious C) pragmatic D) utopian4 2 U9 f8 * e. v( v: h- j30. According to the author, a very small part of what is being spent upon armaments would _.6 c* H9 s1 W/ P考博论坛A) lead to more disputes. M$ t! M5 $ J% N3 M考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,B) help us make prediction- ; C. B. e/ pd2 |/ f0 B

53、C) hardly help solve the population explosion% c% w; N; P) S0 . C考博论坛D) help us solve many problems考博论坛. W; b. - p- d2 Y2 V- s7 B% i5 l: ?3 k5 k) _. a9 , e+ e3 f& _Passage three考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国, f( P% Y6 f c8 U5 ?4 Q/ Although humans have much bigger brains relative to body weig

54、ht than do other primates, the total resting energy requirements of the human body are no greater than those of any other mammal of the same size, implying that we use a higher share of our daily energy budget to feed our voracious brains. How did such an energetically costly brain evolve?, u$ P# _3

55、 , ) O) One theory holds that bipedalism enabled hominids to cool their cranial blood, thereby freeing the heat-sensitive brain of the temperature constraints that had kept its size in check. But brain expansion almost certainly could not have occurred until hominids adopted a diet suff

56、iciently rich in calories and nutrients to meet the associated costs. Across all primates, species with bigger brains dine on richer foods, and humans are the extreme example of this correlation, boasting the largest relative brain size and the choicest diet. Animal foods are far denser in calories and nutrients than most plant foods, and so it stands to reason that for early Homo, acquiring more gray matter meant seeking out more of the energy-dense fare. C