基础语法复习练习五动词（2）动词非限定形式

1、基础语法复习 五 动词2动词非限定形式 动词在句中除了充当谓语之外，还可以起名词，形容词或副词的作用，在句中充当主语，宾语，表语，补语，定语和状语。这就是动词的非谓语形式。动词非谓语形式有三种：不定式 to+ 动词原形分词 doing现在分词 done过去分词动名词 doing形式与现在分词相同动词非谓语形式不随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化，所以又称为非限定性动词。仍具有动词的一般特征，可以带有宾语，状语等构成短语。动词非谓语形式有以下几种形式变化：主动被动动词不定式一般To write To be written进行To be writing完成To have writtenTo have

2、been written完成进行To have been writing现在分词和动名词一般WritingBeing written完成Having writtenHaving been written过去分词一般written动词的不定式动词的不定式能起名词，形容词和副词的作用，充当谓语以外的各种成分。做主语To learn English is not an easy thing.做宾语He wants to visit Nanjing.做宾补I expect you to write to me.做表语Our task is to realize the modernization of

3、 our country.做定语Mary has a lot of typing to do .做状语He got up so early to catch the train.另外：1。有些动词后面不定式不带to： make, let, hear, see, notice, feel, watch. Help。We watched them play football。不定式的完成式主要体现它所表现的动作发生在谓语动词表现的动作之前。但在plan, hope, expect, should, like之后，则表示没有实现的动作。 I am sorry to have kept you wai

4、ting. He pretended to have read the book. Ha planned to have gone abroad. (He planned to go abroad but he didnt.) I hoped to have seen her.动词不定式的进行式表示主要动作发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。动词不定式的被动态表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者。They seem to be talking about sth important.The house to be built is for the teachers.The medic

5、al team asked to be sent to the front at once.动名词 动名词起名词的作用，在句子中做主语，宾语，表语和定语。动名词仍保留动词的一般特征，可以、有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。做主语Playing football is my favorite sport.做宾语Would you mind opening the window?She is used to getting up early.做表语His work is teaching English.做定语He is in the reading room. (a room for read

6、ing)This is a swimming pool. (a pool for swimming)另外：动名词的否定形式 not+动名词动名词的被动语态 being+过去分词动名词的完成形式having+过去分词Tom made his aunt angry by not taking his medicine.I remember being taken to Wuhan when I was a small child.She denied having opened the box.有些动词只能用动名词，有些动词后面只能用不定式，有些两者都能使用，但含义不相同。这些动词后面只能用动名词

7、avoid consider delay deny dislike enjoy excuse fancy forgive finish imagine keep mind pardon postpone prevent practise resist risk suggest cant help doing cant stand its no use its no good its worth这些动词后面只能用不定式decide desire expect hope mean pretend promise refuse undertake 两者都能使用但意义不同love like hate

8、prefer remember forget regret stop try want The boy wants to wash. （这个男孩子想洗澡了，自己洗）The boy wants washing. （这个男孩子需要洗澡了，别人洗）动名词的复合结构“物主代词（或所有格名词）+ 动名词”结构可以在句中做主语或宾语。His inventing wont help much.I dont like his saying that.They insist on Toms staying longer.分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。作为谓语，现在分词和be一起构成进行时。过去分词和be一起

9、构成被动语态，或和have构成完成时。作为谓语形式，分词可以用作形容词和副词，在句中充当定语，表语，补语和状语。现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态；它的完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。过去分词只有一般式，表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。 Having failed there times, he didnt want to try again. Walking along the sands, Cruson saw in the sand the mark of a mans foot. The que

10、stion being discussed seems important.The old days are gone.1。现在分词和过去分词的区别在语态上现在分词一般表示主动的意思，过去分词则表示被动的意思。在时间上现在分词一般表示正在进行的动作，过去分词则表示已经完成的意思。Developing countries developed countriesAn exciting story excited people2. 用法 做定语This is an interesting book.The machine run by the worker is made in Shanghai.另

11、外：分词做定语和动名词做定语的区别：分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。动名词则没有这种关系，而表示它所修饰的词的用途和有关动作。A sleeping child (a child who is sleeping)A sleeping car (a car for sleeping)A swimming girl; a swimming pool做状语Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.Heated, the metal expanded.做宾补Can you get the machine going a

12、gain?You should have you hair cut.做表语The film is very moving.Your homework is well done.做句子的独立成分Flags flying, the army men marched in the streets.All his ribs broken, he lay half dead.现在分词的时态和语态。 过去分词可以表示被动和完成的意义，所以没有时态和语态方面的变化。现在分词的完成式（having+过去分词）表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或两个动作之间有一定的间隔。现在分词的被动（being+过去）愤怒词通常表示，“正在被”。如果