数字印刷翻译20200916185128

1、中文 2490 字Digital printingPhil GreenDigital printing is currently the most rapidlygrowing print sector, and onesupplierwhich is opening up new possibilities of short-run color work. It is also enabling entirely different relationships between the purchaser and of printed products and making possible

2、all kinds of new products.The conventional printing processes described earlier in this chapter are mature technologies. The technological development of these processes will continue, but will tend to deliver only incremental improvements in performance. Digital printing, by comparison, is still at

3、 an early stage in its development and will continue to develop rapidly, opening up new markets and making increasing inroads into the conventional process.that digital printing will is for two fundamentaltoo high to compete onIn the medium term at least, it is highly unlikely entirely replace the c

4、onventional processes. This reasons:The cost of colorants used makes unit priceslonger runs;The strength of digital printing However, the short-run market is of product are falling, and new digital production. A directModern printing equipment is designed around production economies of scale, with h

5、igh speeds, large formats and inline processes such as folding and coating, and it will be some time before manufacturers build digital presses that can compete on high production volumes.is therefore largely in shorter print runs. expanding fast as print runs for all types products are made possibl

6、e by integrated cost comparison between digital and conventional printing may not be relevant in every case as digital printing can often provide a better solution to a communication problem, adding value and generating savings elsewhere in the production cycle, for example,in administration or dist

7、ribution costs. This logic also applies to the print buyers when thinking of incorporating digital printing into their own operations, adding them to their existing design and prepress operations. To take a example in retailing, instore printing facilities linked to install and run than purchasing f

8、rom external suppliers, but the marketing benefits may outweigh the additional costs.The point at which digital and conventional printing breaks even tends to be at a run length of around 1000 copies(more for black and white and less for color). Run lengths that do not fall automatically into the pr

9、ovince of conventional or digital will be decided by the added value of the process: for digital printing this includes distributed printing and the ability to vary the image with each copy, while for conventional processes such as litho it will include the higher quality levels, the greater range o

10、f substrates that can be printed, and the availability of inline processes such as coating.Digital printing technologiesDigital printers currently fall into four basic types:Page printers that print flat sheets of paper, usually in A4 format but sometimes up to A3 (these range from desktop printers

11、to high -speed copier/printers like DocuTech, and include high-quality continuous tone printers used mostly for proofs and presentation materials);Large-format devices that print on continuous rolls, mainly for short-run posters;Overprinting heads for adding product codes (mainly for packaging) that

12、 are mounted onto conventional presses or finishing equipment, or on packaging lines;Reel-fed machines that print at speeds comparable to conventional printing presses.A digital printer has two fundamental components: a marking engine that transfers colorant to the paper, and a front-end that prepar

13、es the data used todrive the marking engine. The front end will include a RIP and a memory buffer. The page data is transferred directly to the front end without the need for films and plates, so there are large potential savings in costs.Because the digital printing device is driven by data and req

14、uires no plates, the image can be changed for each successive print. This variable image printing concept has great potential interest to publishers and adver tisers who are interested in tailoring their communications more closely to what is known about their audience, often in conjunction with sop

15、histicated marketing databases.Digital printing systems that operate at high speeds or high resolutions require dedicated front ends and large memory buffers, but low-end devices such as desktop printers can make use of software-based printer drivers that sit on the user s host computer.The most wid

16、ely-used technologies in marking engines are ink jet, laser and dye sublimation.Ink jetInk jet printers deploy an array of nozzles to project ink droplets onto the paper surface. The nozzles are relatively cheap to produce, and wider arrays that can image a moving web of paper are currently in devel

17、opment. Ink jet print heads are found in all the types of digital printer listed earlier, and dominate the large-format and overprinting markets. They can print on the widest range of substrates (including cheaper grades such as part mechanicals).LaserLaser printers transfer toner to the paper surfa

18、ce electro-statically. An image is created on a photoconductive surface by adding or removing an electrical charge, and toner is attracted to the charged areas on this imaging surface (laser printers are perhaps more accurately known as electrostatic printers, since other energy sources such as elec

19、tron beams can also be used to alter the conductive properties of the imaging surface). Most systems usedry toner powder, but liquid toner systems are also available and deliver much better print quality: smaller particle sizes yield higher print resolution, and gloss resins can be incorporated to m

20、ake the finish more like that of a conventional print. Laser printers are mainly found in page printers and reel-fed printers.Dye sublimationand transfer it to theprocess are extremely to one-off prints for be extremely high,Dye sublimation printers vaporize a waxy colorant paper surface. The unit c

21、ost of prints made by this high, and as a result its use is restricted largely proofing or presentation purposes. Quality can comparable to a glossy photographic print.With all the digital printing systems there is a trade-off between resolution and speed. The more device pixels there are to be imag

22、ed on a page, the slower the print speed will be in pages per minute.Digital workflowthe mainstream of developspeedy development of digital processing and internet exchange All-digital traditionalinformationprocessing, involvedworkflows are on their way. They will soon analogue imaging and reliable

23、digital performance proofing, output, and transfer. It will also enable no -film Computer-To-Plate system to take the lead. Multi-mediareplace the in graphicalsuch asdocumental output is no longer a dream anymore. Pre-press production line has becoming more integrated, professional and diversified.

24、The main development trends of application software are openness, cross -platform functions, intelligence and standardization of documentation format.e trenddigital workflow gradually remove the obstacles to the implementation of digital technologies. Advanced output technology, together with intell

25、igentization of digital workflow management will also improve the efficiency of digital printing operation.The implementation of digital workflow is the irresistibl development in printing industry. Maturing printing technologies CopyDot scanning, digital proofing, computer-to-plate, andThe digital

26、technology process has almost replaced the traditional technology. The design and pictures can be transferred by network or through electronic medium. The corporation of pan-region, pan-country, pan-continent will be a common thing. We can offer the need, exchange information, remote proofing, and p

27、roduction tracking etc. The product can be designed in somewhere of the world, and printed in another place of the world.Direct-to-pressOne of the success stories of digital printing is Heidelberg s Quickmaster DI, which uses digital imaging on an otherwise conventional press design. Machines have b

28、een installed in a large number of bureau-typeoperations,and deliver many of the advantages of digital printing at the quality and cost associated with litho.Anew production modelpossible to are producedcompletely rethink the way in which visual and distributed.The traditional model of print product

29、ion can be summarized as print a large enough quantity of a product to make unit costs economic, and then distribute to the end-user . Digital technologies make it communicationsPrint-on-demand producing for stock.Because the amount of prepress work and when compared with entirely variable, with bec

30、ome cost-effectiveare minimalpress make-ready production costs are almost a very small fixed element. This means that they to print copies as they are needed, instead ofconventional printing,Distribute, then printPrinted products are usually distributed over a wide geographical area, and it can some

31、times be more cost-effective to distribute the pages in digital form for local reproduction.Distribute electronicallyFor items whose function is information rather than marketing, end -users will often accept the end product in electronic form (on disc or CD): the pages can be printed individually a

32、s required. This allows the originator of the product to focus on its content instead of its reproduction.Alternatively, it may be possible to use an online distribution medium such as the World Wide Web, and create pages that are intended for viewing on screen rather than reproduced on paper.Variab

33、le image printingcommunication to be personalized for its of readers can then be targeted with interests, their social background or theirAs each page is imaged separately, and there is no physical printing plate, it is possible to change some or all of the page with each successive print. This enab

34、les, for example, each intended recipient, and groups information appropriate to their geographical location.数字印刷费尔 格林数字印 刷是当前 印刷行业发展 最快的部 分。其中一个 原因是他 实现了彩色印 刷的经 济性。他 使得印刷品的 消费者和 供应商之间建 立了完全 不同的关系。传统印 刷技术是 相当成熟的技 术，并 将继续进 步，但 将只 倾向于只提 供增值的 改进 。 与 传统印刷相比，数 字印刷刚 刚起步，并将 快速发展 ，开辟新的市 场，不 断冲 击 传 统印刷。但是，最终

35、在 信 息 时代 数 字印 刷 不大可 能 取 代整个传 统 印刷。这 有两 个 根本的 原因 ：1. 单张印 品 所使用色料（油墨 ）的价格 较长版活高出 很多。2. 现代印 刷 设备是围绕印刷产 品的经济 性而设计的，要求速度 高. 规格大.能 在线进行 折页. 涂 布 等 。在 制 造 商生 产 出 可 以 在线 完 成 大批 量 产 品 的 数字 印刷机前 ，传统印刷技术将 长期存在 。数字印 刷技术的 优势在于短版 活。然而 短版市场快速 扩张，更 如能印刷各种 印 刷品 的印 刷机 快 速 减 少 ，新 的 产 品将 通 过 与 数 字印 刷 技 术的 结 合 而产 生。个直 接的

36、消费 变化并不是与 任何情况 都相关的，比 如数字印 刷技术对于连接问题 提供了一 种更好的解决 方法。在生产 的整个过 程中，有些地 方增加了 成本，有 些地 方 则 节约成本。例如在 管理和拆 版的费用。当 考虑要将 数字印刷作为其操作 的一 部分 ，实现在线设计和 印前处理 时，这种逻辑 也被印刷 机购买者所采用。拿 零售 商为 例，必将出现印刷 设备与核 心价格及市场 数据库联 系起来，这样就可以 在短 时 间 内生产出新卖点的 材料进行 安装运行，而 不是从其 他供应商处购买，市场利 润将可能 超过传统工艺 的成本。数 字印 刷 的 卖点 在 于 生 产 1000 个 左右 印 品

37、（ 黑 白地 较 多 ，彩 色 少）。 印 数 由 印 刷流 程的 附加 费 用 决 定 ：如 数 字 印刷 中 就 包 括 分类 印 刷 和个 性 印 刷。 而对 于传 统工艺 如胶印则 包括较高质量 要求，大 量片基需求， 在线涂布 等。数字印刷技术数字印 刷机通常 有四种类型：单张纸印刷机，幅面通常为A4,也有的达到A3 （此范围从桌面打印机到高速印刷机如 DocuTech, 包括通常用来打 样和印 刷图象稿件的高质量的连 续调 印 刷 机）卷 筒纸 印 刷 机等 大 型 设 备，主 要为 速递 服 务者所 用。套 加印 设 备，用 于 传统 印刷或 作 为最后 一 道 工 序，给 印刷

38、品（通 常为包 装印 刷 ） 加印 代 码 。台数墨转移到 纸张上 ；一套卷 筒纸 印 刷 机， 印 速 可 与 传统 印 刷 机相 比 。 字印刷机 由两 部分组成 ：一套印 刷装置 ，将油印 前系 统 ，为印 刷提供数据资 料。该印前 系统包括 RIP 和记忆缓冲器 。数据页面直接 传输到印 前 系统 ，不需 要 菲林和 印版 ， 因 此省 却 了 大 量 的印 前 费 用。由于数 字印刷机用数字形式取 代了印版 ，在连 续印刷中 就 可以 改 变 图 象。这种“可 变数据” 印刷的概念对于印刷商和广告业者有 着潜在的影响，他们经 常在生 产中 使 用 高度 复 杂 的 市 场数 据 库

39、，针 对 人 们 的 兴趣 及 时 对图 文 进 行 修 改。高速或高分辨率的数字印刷系统配有先进的印前装置和大容量的记忆缓冲器 。而 低 档 设备 如 桌 面 打 印机 可 以 利用 电 脑 软 件 进行 工 作 。现在应 用最广泛的技术是喷墨 打印，激 光打印和染料 升华技术 。喷墨技术喷墨打 印机配置 了一排喷嘴， 将墨滴喷 射到纸张表面 。制造喷 嘴是相当便宜的 ，而 能够 连续 绘 图 的 宽 排喷 嘴 也 在不 断 发 展 中 。很 早 以 前， 各 种 型号 的喷 墨打印 机出 现并 系列 化 ， 主 宰 着套 印 市 场， 而 且 他 们 的承 印 物 范围 是 最 广泛 的。

40、激光技术激光打 印机以带 电的方式将色 剂转移到 纸张表面。通 过增加或 转移电荷使图象呈现 在一光导 面上，带相反 电荷的色 料被吸附在光 导面有图 文的地方。（激光打印 机更 确切 的说 应 该 称 为 静电 转 移 印刷 机 ， 其 它 能源 如 电 子束 也 可 以用 来改变图象表面 的传导特 性）大多数机器使用干粉色料，也有 些使用液体油墨（同样是可变的，印刷 质量更高 ）：油墨粒子的微小尺寸产生高的 分辨率而与有光泽的树脂融合 一体 ， 更 使得 数 字 印 刷 品与 传 统 印品 相 差 无 几 。激光打 印主要用于单张纸或卷 筒纸印刷 机。染料升华技术染料升 华印刷机 通过将蜡

41、质的 色料蒸发 而转移带纸张 上。由于 其单张成本较高，在 应用 上有一定 限制，大 多用 于单张打 样或以赠 送为目的 的印刷。质量很高 ，可与有 光泽的光 传导印刷相媲美。对所有 的数字印 刷机而言，在 分辨率和 速度之间要进 行权衡。 系统的象素越高 ，其 印 速 越低 。数字化工作流程发展主流数字化工作流程正在稳步推进 ,他们将取代模拟式图 象和桌面处理系统.采用全数字化工作流程,你将得到高分辨率的,可靠的数字化操作的体验,包括图文处理，打样，输出及传输等.它也将使无胶片的直接制版(CTPlate)处于主导地位.多媒体文件输出不再是一个神话.印前工艺生产线更趋于集成化,专业 化,多元化 ,开放式，跨平台化，智能化和文件格式标准化成为应用软件的发展趋势.推行数 字化工艺 流程是