世界航天史英文简介

1、1,Space Exploration,Satellite Human get into space and Deep space exploration（深空探测） Space station （空间站） Space shuttle（航天飞机）,2,Satellite,Soviet Union Sputnik 1 4.October 1957 （ first artificial satellite） America Explorer 1 31.January 1958 France Astrix 26.November 1965 Japan Osumi 11.February 1970 C

2、hina Dongfanghong 4.April 1970 UK Prospero X-3 28.October 1971 European Space Agency (ESA)欧洲空间局 CAT-1 24.December 1979 India Rohini 1 18.July 1980,3,Human Get into Space,Russia the first human space flight (Yuri Gagarin 加加林 ) in 12.April 1961 U.S first launched a person into space（Alan Shepard艾伦B谢泼德

3、 ）in 1965 China Shenzhou 5 (15.October 2003) Yang Liwei Shenzhou 6(12.October 2005) Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng Shenzhou 7 (25.September 2008) Zai Zhigang ,Liu Boming and Ying Haipeng,4,Exploration of Moon,Luna 1 Luna24月球探测器(1959 1976）by Russia The first man-made object to reach the Moon was the un

4、manned Soviet probe Luna 2 The far side of the Moon was first photographed on October 7, 1959 by the Soviet probe Luna 3. Luna 9 was the first probe to soft land on the Moon, The first artificial satellite of the Moon was the Soviet probe Luna 10 Moon rock samples were brought back to Earth by three

5、 Luna missions (Luna 16, 20, and 24) On December 24, 1968 The first robot lunar rover to land on the Moon was the Soviet vessel Lunokhod 1 （无人驾驶自动探测车）,5,the crew of Apollo 8, Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders, became the first human beings to enter lunar orbit and see the far side of the

6、 Moon in person.in 1968 the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong Automatic lunar rover 1 and lunokhod 2自动月球车 19701973 In 1990 Japan visited the Moon with the Hiten spacecraft, becoming the third country to place an object in orbit around the Moon. The Eu

7、ropean Space Agency launched a small, low-cost lunar orbital probe called SMART 1 on September 27, 2003,6,China,First phase lunar program (嫦娥-1 工程) launched in 2007 : two uncrewed lunar orbital probes Second phase lunar program (嫦娥-2 工程) to be launched in 2012 :first Moon landing of a couple of rove

8、rs Third phase lunar program (嫦娥-3 工程) to be launched in 2017 : automated Moon landing and return sample Fourth phase lunar program (嫦娥-4 工程) to be launched in 2024 : crewed mission and permanent bases (月面驻留),7,Exploration of Mars,19601979 Russia has sixteen probes（探测器） America has eighteen probe ju

9、st send pictures 1996火星全球探勘者号（Mars Global Surveyor ） 1997 Mars Pathfinder（火星拓荒者）achieve soft landing（软着陆）on the surface of Mars 2001 2001火星奥德赛号（2001 Mars Odyssey） 2003 火星探测漫游者(Mars Exploration Rover） 2007凤凰号（Phoenix）take back rocks and soil of Mars 2011 Yingguang 1萤光一号 China,8,Space Station,Russia D

10、OS （礼炮号航天站）（19711984） America Skylab（天空实验室） 1973 Russia Mir（和平号空间站 ）19862001 America，Russia and ESA International Space Station 国际空间站） （November 1998 ） China Tiangong1 (天宫1号太空实验舱) 29.september 2011,9,Space Shuttle（航天飞机）,Enterprise（开拓者号航天飞机 ） only use for test Columbia（哥伦比亚号航天飞机） 4.December 1981 1.February 2003 Challenger（挑战者号航天飞机） 4.April