康复英语骨骼

1、脊椎寰椎 the atlas.Superior aspect枢椎 the axis. Posterior aspect颈椎 the cervical vertebra. Superior aspect降椎 the vertebra prominens.Right lateral aspect椎孔 Vertebral foramen椎弓 Vertebral arch棘突 Spinous arch横突 Teansverse process椎体（Vertebral body） 椎弓根（Pedicle of vertebral arch）椎上切迹（Superior vertebral notch） 椎

2、下切迹（Inferior vertebral notch） 副突（Accessory process） 乳突（Mamillary process）胸锁前韧带 anterior stemoclavicular lig.锁骨 clavicle第一肋 first rib胸骨 sternum胸骨柄 manubrium sterni胸骨角 sternal angle胸骨体 body of sternum 肋软骨 costal cartilage胸肋辐状韧带 sternocostal radiate lig肋骨 costal bone肋间隙 intercostal space肋弓 costal arch胸

3、骨下角 infrasternal angle剑突 xiphoid process胸肋关节 sternocostal joint胸肋关节内韧带 intraarticular sternocostal lig肋锁韧带 costoclavicular lig胸锁关节 sternoclavicular joint 关节盘 aricular disc胸廓 the thorax肋体 shaft of rib 肋角 costal angle 肋沟 costal groove前锯肌粗隆 tuberosity for serratus anterior肋头嵴 crest of costal head肋头关节面

4、articular facet of costal head肋结节 costal tubercle肋颈 costal neck肋头 costal head前斜角肌结节 tubercle for scalenus anterior肋骨 the ribs肋横突韧带 costotransverse lig.肋横突外侧韧带 lateral costotransverse lig.肋横突关节 costotransverse joint肋头关节 joint of costal head肋头辅状韧带 radiate lig.of costal head髓核 nucleus pulposus纤维环 anulu

5、s fibrosus椎间盘 intervertebral disc胸骨 the sternum颈静脉切迹 jugular notch锁切迹 clavicular notch胸骨柄 manubrium sterni胸骨角 sternal angle胸骨体 body of sternum剑突 xiphoid process第一，二，三，四，五，六，七肋切迹 costal notch 1,2,3,4,5,6,7腰椎（The lumbar vertebra）： 上关节突（Superior articular process） 下关节突（Inferior articular process）骶骨（sac

6、rum）&尾骨（coccyx）上关节突 superior articular process岬 promontory骶翼 ala of sacrum骶前孔 anterior sacrum foramen骶后孔 posterior sacral foramen横线 transverse line骶骨尖 apex of sacrum尾骨角 coccygeal cornu骶管 sacral canal骶粗隆 sacral trberosity耳状面 auricular surface骶正中嵴 median sacral crest骶外侧嵴 lateral sacral crest骶中间嵴 inter

7、mediate sacral crest骶管裂孔 sacral hiatus骶角 sacral cornu肩峰 acromion肩峰关节面 acromial surface of articular肩峰角 acromial angle盂上结节 supraglenoid tubercle关节盂 glenoid cavity盂下结节 infraglenoid tubercle外侧缘 lateral border喙突 coracoid process上角 superior angle上缘 superior border肩胛切迹 notch of scapular肩胛下窝 subscapular fo

8、ssa内侧缘 medial border第一肋： First rib肋头 Costal head肋颈 Costal neck肋结节 Costal tubercle锁骨下动脉沟 Sulcus for subclavian a锁骨下静脉沟 Sulcus for subclavian vein第二肋： Second rib肋头关节面 Articular facet of costal head前锯肌粗隆 Ttuberosity for serratus anterior第七肋： Seventh rib肋头嵴 Crest of costal head肋角 Costal angle肋沟 Costal g

9、roove肋体 Shaft of rib肩胛骨后面观：上角Superior angle冈上窝Supraspinous fossa肩胛冈Spine of scapula冈下窝Infraspinous fossa内侧缘Medial border喙突Coracoid process肩峰Acromion外侧角Lateral angle肩胛颈Neck of scapula盂下结节Infraglenoid tubercle外侧缘Lateral border 髂骨 ilium外面观 external aspect ：髂嵴 iliac crest 髂骨翼 ala of ilium 髂结节 tubercle o

10、f iliac crest 髂骨体 body of ilium髂前上棘 anterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘 posterior superior iliac spine髂前下棘 anterior inferior iliac spine髂后下棘 posterior inferior iliac spine臀前线 anterior gluteal line 臀后线 posterior gluteal line臀下线 inferior gluteal line内面观 internal aspect ：髂窝 iliac fossa 髂粗隆 iliac tuberos

11、ity弓状线 arcuate line 耳状面 auricular surface髂耻隆起 iliopubic eminence坐骨 ischium 坐骨大切迹 greater sciatic notch 坐骨棘 ischial spine坐骨小切迹 lesser sciatic notch 坐骨体 body of ischium坐骨结节 ischial tuberosity 坐骨支 ramus of ischium髋臼 acetabulum 髋臼切迹 acetabular notch髋臼窝 acetabular fossa 月状面 lunate surface弓状线 arcuate line

12、 闭孔 obturator foramen闭孔沟 obturator groove 肱骨前面观：解剖颈 anatomical neck 肱骨头 head of humerus 大结节 greater tubercle 小结节 lesser tubercle 结节间沟 intertubercular sulcus 外科颈 surgical neck 大结节嵴 grest of greater tubercle 小结节嵴 grest of lesser tubercle 三角肌粗隆 deltoid tuberosity 肱骨体 shaft of humerus 滋养孔 nutrient foram

13、en 内侧缘 medial border 桡窝 radial fossa 外上髁 lateral epicondyle 冠突窝 coronoid fossa 内上髁 medial epicondyle 肱骨小头 capitulum of humerus 肱骨滑车 trochlea of humerus后面观：外侧缘 lateral border 桡神经沟 sulcus for radial 鹰嘴窝 olecranon fossa 尺神经沟 sulcus for ulnar上为外面观External aspect，下为内面观Internal aspect。髂耻隆起：Iiopubic eminen

14、ce耻骨梳：Pecten pubis耻骨上支：Superior ramus of pubis耻骨结节：Pubic tubercle耻骨联合面：Symphyisial surface耻骨下支：Inferior ramus of pubisfemur(thigh bone)股骨femur is the most proximal bone of the leg in tetrapod vertebrates capable of walking or jumping.股骨是有四肢的脊椎动物最靠近身体的骨头，有走和跳的能力。1. Femoral head /head of femur /femur

15、head股骨头 it is the highest part of the thigh bone .它是股骨的最高的部分。2. Femur neck 股骨颈It is flattened pyramidal process of bone ,connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft.它是骨头中倒着的椎突，连接股骨头和股骨体。3. greater trochanter股骨大转子 the greater trochanter of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminenc

16、e and a part of the skeletal system. in the adult it is about 1 cm lower than the head.股骨大转子是一个大的，不规则的，四边形的凸点，是骨骼系统的一部分，在成年人，在股骨头下方1厘米。4. lesser trochanter小转子the lesser trochanter of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects.股骨小转子是一个圆锥形的凸点，在不同个体中大小不同。5. linea aspera

17、股骨粗线the linea aspera is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the femur, to which are attached muscles .股骨粗线是股骨背侧面的粗糙面上的脊，肌肉会连接在上面。7.臀肌粗隆（gluteal tuberosity）：Femur slightly protruding forward, behind the longitudinal bone ridge called rough line, upward extension for the gluteal t

18、uberosity.( 股骨体稍微向前凸，后面有纵行的骨嵴称为粗线，向上外延续为臀肌粗隆。)8.内侧髁(medial condyle)：The lower end of the femur has two expanded, respectively, which is called the medial and lateral condyle.( 股骨下端有两个向后突的膨大，分别称为内侧髁和外侧髁)9.外侧髁(lateral condyle)：见上一行10.内上髁(medial epicondyle)：The side of the medial condyle protuberance,

19、called medial epicondyle.(内侧髁侧面最突起处，称为内上髁)11.外上髁(lateral epicondyle)：The side of the lateral condyle protuberance, called lateral epicondyle.（外侧髁侧面最突起处称为外上髁）12.髌面(patellar surface)：The articular surface of the medial and lateral condyle front connected to each other, forming the patellar surface(内外侧

20、髁前方的关节面彼此相连，形成髌面)13.髁间窝(intercondylar fossa)：Between the medial and lateral condyle of the posterior part of the deep pit is called the condyle fossa.( 内外侧髁后份之间的深窝称为髁间窝)15.髌骨 The patella16.髌骨前面 Anterior surface17.关节面 Articular surface18.髌底 Base of patella19.髌尖 Apex of patella足骨跟骨 calcaneus 距骨talus 足

21、舟骨navicular bone 中内外楔intermediate/medial/lateral cuneiform bon 骰骨 cuboid bone 跖骨 metatarsal bone 近节跖骨proximal phalanx中节跖骨middle phalanx 远节跖骨distal phalanx 籽骨sesamoid bone尺骨：Ulna鹰嘴：Olecranon 冠突：Coronoid process 滑车切迹：Trochlear notch桡切迹：Radial notch 尺骨粗隆：Ulnar tuberosity 尺骨体：Shaft of ulna 骨间缘：Interosse

22、ous border 尺骨头：Head of ulna 茎突：Styloid process环状关节面：Articular circumference桡骨：Radius关节凹：Articular fovea 桡骨头：Head of radius 环状关节面：Articular circumference桡骨颈：Neck of radius 桡骨体：Shaft of radius 桡骨粗隆：Radius tuberosity骨间缘：Interosseous border 茎突：Styloid process 尺切迹：Ulnar notch手骨豌豆骨 pisiform bone三角骨 trique

23、tral bone月骨 lunate bone头状骨 capitate bone手舟骨 scaphoid bone大多角骨 trapezium bone小多角骨 trapezoid bone钩骨 hamate bone掌骨 metacarpal bone :掌骨底 base of metacarpal bone掌骨体 shaft of metacarpal bone掌骨头 head of metacarpal bone近节指骨 proximal phalanx中节指骨 middle phalanx远节指骨 distal phalanx ：指骨底 base of phalanx指骨体 shaft

24、 of phalanx指骨滑车 trochlea of phalanx远节指骨粗隆 tuberosity of distal phalanx胫骨tibia内侧髁medial condyle kndl外侧髁lateral condyle髁间隆起 intercondylar eminence nt:rkndl: mnns胫骨粗隆 tibial tuberosity tju:brsti:胫骨体shaft of tibia比目鱼肌线 soleal line踝沟 malleolar sulcus slks内踝 medial malleolus mli:ls腓切迹 fibular notch腓关节面 fi

25、bular articular facet腓骨 fibula腓骨头尖 Apex of fibula head腓骨头关节面 Articular surface of fibula head腓骨头 Fibula head腓骨颈 Neck of fibula滋养孔 Nutrient foramen外侧面 Lateral surface腓骨体 Shaft of fibula骨间缘 Interosseous border前缘 Anterior border后缘 Posterior border后面 Posterior surface外踝 Lateral malleolus外踝窝 Lateral mall

26、eolus fossa面颅骨成对的上颌骨：The maxilla颧骨:The zygomatic bone泪骨：The lacrimal bone鼻骨：The nasal bone腭骨：The palatine bone下鼻甲骨：The inferior nasalconcha单块的犁骨：The vomer下颌骨：The mandible舌骨：The hyoid boneSKULL-Anterior view1.Frontal bone -额骨：Superciliary arch(眉弓)，glabella(眉间), supra-orbital notch(眶上切迹), supra-orbita

27、l margin(眶上缘), zygomatic process(颧突)2. Zygomatic bone and nasal bone -颧骨和鼻骨 Zygomatic arch（颧弓），articular tubercle（冠突）frontal process（额突），nasion（鼻根），frontonasal suture（额鼻缝），piriform aperture（梨状孔），nasal crest（鼻棘），nasal septum（鼻中隔），anterior nasal spine（鼻前棘），inferior nasal conchae（下鼻甲）3. Maxilla -上颌骨Inf

28、ra-orbital foramen（眶下孔），alveolar process（牙槽突）,4. Mandible -下颌骨ramus of mandible（下颌支）angle of mandible（下颌角），mental protuberance（颏隆凸），mental foramen（颏孔），mental tubercle（颏突），alveolar part（牙槽部）The body of mandible is arbitrarily divided into two part:n The lower part is the base of mandible （下颌底）n The u

29、pper part is the alveolar part of mandible（下颌牙槽部）额骨（ the frontal bone）额鳞（frontal squama） 额结节（frontal tuber） 颞线(temporal surface) 颞面(zygomatic process) 颧突(zygomatic process) 额切迹(frontal notch) 鼻缘(nasal margin) 眉弓(superciliary arch) 眶上切迹(supraorbital notch) 眶上缘(supraorbital margin)眉间(glabella) 鼻棘(nasa

30、l spine) 顶缘（parietal margin） 额嵴(frontal crest) 上矢状窦沟 (sulcus for superior sagittal sinus) 盲孔(foramen cecum) 泪腺窝(fossa for lacrimal sac) 眶上孔(supraorbital foramen) 筛小房(ethmoidal cellules) 眶面(orbital surface)枕骨The occipital bone外面观external aspect上项线superior nuchal line枕外嵴external occipital crest下项线supe

31、rior nuchal line髁窝condylar fossa髁管condylar canal侧部laterar part基底部basilar part最上项线highest nuchal line枕外隆凸external occipital protuberance枕鳞occipital squama颈静脉突jugular process枕髁occipital condyle颈静脉切迹jugular notch咽结节pharyngeal tubercle内面观internal aspect横窦沟sulcus for transverse sinus枕内嵴internal occipital

32、 crest乳突缘mastoid border乙状窦沟sulcus for sigmoid sinus舌下神经管hypoglossal canal颈静脉结节jugular tubercle上矢状窦沟sulcus for superior sagittal sinus大脑窝cerebral fosssa人字缘lambdoid border小脑窝cerebellar fossa斜坡clivus颅骨冠状切的后面观(示筛小房)Posterior aspect of coronal section of the skull. Showing the ethmoidal cellules筛板cribrif

33、orm plate筛小房ethmoidal celluls上鼻甲superior nasal concha上鼻道superior nasal meatus中鼻甲middle nasal concha上颌窦maxillary sinus下鼻甲inferior nasal concha犁骨vomer鸡冠crista galli眶orbit垂直板perpendicular plate钩突uncinate process中鼻道middle nasal meatus下鼻道inferior nasal meatus上颌骨maxilla 筛骨（The ethmoid bone）垂直板(Perpendicul

34、ar plate)鸡冠翼（Ala of crista galli）鸡冠（Crista galli）筛孔（Cribriform foramina）筛板（Cribriform plate）筛骨迷路（Ethmoidal labyrinth）眶板（Orbital plate）中鼻甲（Middle nasal concha）筛小房（Ethmoidal cellules）上鼻甲（Superior nasal concha）钩突（Uncinate process） 颞骨（the temporal bone）颞中动脉沟（Sulcus for middle temporal a.）顶切迹（Parietal no

35、tch）乳突孔（Mastoid foramen）外耳门（External acoustic pore）鼓乳裂（Tympanomastoid fissure）乳突（Mastoid process）茎突（Styloid process）鳞部（Squamous part）颧突（Zygomatic process）关节结节（Articular tubercle）下颌窝（Mandibular fossa）岩鳞裂（Petrosquamous fissure）岩鼓裂（Petrotympanic fissure）鼓部（Tympanic part）脑膜中动脉沟（Sulcus for middle meninge

36、al a.）岩大神经沟（Sulcus for greater petrosal n.）三叉神经压迹（Trigeminal impression）内耳门（Internal acoustic pore）岩下窦沟（Sulcus for inferior petrosal sinus）蜗水管外口（External aperture of aqueduct of cochlea）弓状下窝（Subarcuate fossa）弓状隆起（Arcuate eminence）鼓室盖（Tegmen tympani）岩上窦沟（Sulcus for superior petrosal sinus）乙状窦沟（Sulcus

37、 for sigmoid sinus）前庭水管外口（External aperture of aqueduct of vestible）颧突zygomatic process关节结节 articular tubercle岩鳞裂petrosquamous fissure下颌突mandibular fossa茎突styloid process外耳门exteral acoustic pore茎乳stylomastoid foramen乳突mastoid process乳突切迹 mastoid notch枕动脉沟sulcus for occipital a岩鼓裂 petrotympnic fissur

38、e肌咽鼓管 musculo tubal canal颈动脉管 carotid cannal岩部尖 apex of petrous part 岩部petrous part岩小窝 petrosal fossula蜗水管外口 external aperture of aqueduct of cochlea乳突小管mastoid canalicuclus颈静脉窝 jugular fossa枕缘occipital margin 蝶骨（the sphenoid bone）鞍背dorsum sellae交叉前沟sulcus prechiasmaticus小翼lesser wing视神经管optic canal

39、大翼 greater wing圆孔foramen rotundum后床突 posterior clinoid process卵圆孔 foramen ovale棘孔 foramen spinosum蝶小舌 sphenoidal lingula斜坡 clivus鞍结节 tuberculum sellae垂体窝 hypophysial fossa额缘frontal margin大脑面cerebral surface前床突anterior clinoid process蝶鞍 sella turcica 鳞缘 squamosal margin蝶棘 spin of sphenoid bone颈动脉沟car

40、otid sulcus蝶甲sphenoidal concha蝶窦口aperture of sphenoidal sinus额缘 frontal margin颧缘 zygomatic margin翼管 pterygoid canal蝶棘 spin of sphenoid bone 翼突外侧板lateral pterygoid plate翼突内侧板 medical pterygoid plate蝶嘴 spenoidal rostrum眶上裂 supraorbital fissure 颞面 temporal surface上颌面maxillary surface眶面orbital surface 鞘

41、突vaginal process翼突pterygoid process翼切迹 pterygoid notch 翼钩pterygoid hamulus蝶嵴 sphenoidal crest大脑面（cerebral surface） 圆孔(foramen rotundum) 翼管(sphenoid canal) 蝶棘(spine of sphenoid bone) 翼突外侧板(lateral pterygoid plate) 翼突内侧板(medial pterygoid plate) 小翼 (lesser wing) 后床突(posterior clinoid process) 斜坡(clivus) 前床突(anterior clinoid process) 眶上裂(supraorbital fissure) 大翼(greater wing) 颈动脉沟(carotid sulcus) 舟状窝(scaphoid fossa) 鞘突 (vaginal process)翼窝(pterygoid fossa) 翼切迹(pterygoid notch) 翼钩(pterygoid hamulus) 体(body) 蝶嘴(sphenoidal rostrum)颅