备战2011年职称英语考试之重点语法精讲汇总

1、一语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系.语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态.被动语态考点聚焦(一)被动语态的概念:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态.强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略).(二)被动语态的构成方式:be + 过去分词,口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示.(三)被动语态的基本用法:(1)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题.主动变化被动时双宾语的变化.看下列例句.My friend g

2、ave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to.The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉尾巴.T

3、he children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态, 只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词.当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补.(B)用it作形式

4、主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示.如:People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed /

5、 hoped/ thought that 二所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中.表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等.表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等.表示希望、意图的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等.宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态.宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态.有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义,特别是当主语是物时,常见的动词有se

6、ll、write、wash、open、lock等.(3)主动形式表被动意义.当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示开始、结束、关、停、转、启动等意义时.This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗.These novels wont sell well.这些小说不畅销.My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅.The door wont lock.门锁不上.The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香.当break

7、 out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示发生、关闭、制定等意思时.The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义.be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义.在be + 形容词 + to do中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动.This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.

8、另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动.三动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系:动宾关系:I have a meeting to attend注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:He has no place to live.This is the best way to w

9、ork out this problem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:Have you got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?说明所修饰名词的内容:We have made a plan to finish the work.被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:He is the first to get here.四1. Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is fe

10、lt【解析】此题正确答案为C,因为 feel 在此为连系动词,而连系动词均为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味.2. He was angry _ your work. He said that he _ at all.A. at, didnt satisfy B. to, didnt satisfyC. at, wasnt satisfied D. to, wasnt satisfied【解析】最佳答案为C. be angry at (about) sth 意为对某事生气,许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词 at (about)换成 to,这是错误的.另外,许多同学将汉

11、语的不满意直译为 not satisfy,这是是不对的,因为,satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词,其意不是满意而是使(人)满意,所以其后不能没有宾语,除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构).3. If you want to sell your product you must _ it.A. advertise B. advertise for C. advertise on D. advertise to【解析】事实上,正确答案为A. advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词:用作及物动词时,其意为为做广告、登广告宣传;用作不及物动词时,其意为做广告、登广告,此时通常后接介词 for,

12、表示做广告征求.比较:advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 (此时 advertise 不及物)advertise sth 为登广告,登广告宣传(此时 advertise 是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告.The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书.再比较以下用例:advertise jobs 登广告招人advertise for jobs 登

13、广告求职4. I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time. But does your mother _ you to go?A. let B. agree C. allow D. promise【解析】最佳答案为C. 不能选A是因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to;不能选B是因为动词 agree习惯上不用于 agree sb to do sth 这一句式;不能选D是因为在 promise sb to do sth 这一句式中,to do sth 的逻辑主语是 promise 的主语而不其是宾语,比如 He promised me to go 的意思是他答应我,他去,而不是他答应我让我去.之所以能选C,是因为 allow sb to do sth(允许某人做某事)与上文语境刚好吻合.5. Do your parents agree to your doing that? Yes, of course. In fact, they alw