英语分词和比较级总结

1、1、 现在分词1、 一般情况下，直接在动词后加ing work - working sleep - sleeping study - studying 2、 动词以不发音的e结尾，要去e加ing take - taking make - making dance - dancing 3、 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加ing cut - cutting put - putting begin - beginning 4 、以ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加ing lie - lying tie - tying die - dying什么是闭音节，什么是重读闭音节？开音节：1.以发声的元音字

2、母结尾的音节;如:we/wi:/ bee/bi:/ 2.以辅音字母(r除外)加不发声的e结尾的音节. 如:cake/keik/ bite/bait/ mute/mju:t/闭音节:1.以一个或几个辅音字母结尾(r除外),而中间只有一个元音字母的音节;如:sit/sit/ film/film/ pen/pen/ 重读音节:除了单音节词外,在双音节和多音节词中,如果某个音节符合以上规则且重读则为重读开音节或重读闭音节.如:begin(gin为重读闭音节) /bigin/ mistake(take为重读开音节) /misteik/2、过去式和过去分词1、一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： wor

3、ked played wanted acted 2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped 3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted drip

4、ped go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew 3、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 （1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)（2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)（3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构

5、成。 clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)（4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)（5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。 big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)（6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。 beautiful (原级)

6、 difficult (原级) more beautiful(比较级) more difficult (比较级) most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级) good(原级)better(比较级)-best(最高级)many(原级)more(比较级)-most(最高级)bad(原级)worse(比较级)-worst(最高级)far(原级)-farther(further)(比较级)-farthest(furthest)(最高级)ill(原级)-worse(比较级)-worst(最高级)4、一般现在时主语单三人称时的动词变化在一般现在时中,当主语为第三人称

7、单数时,动词要用“s”型（即第三人称单数形式）.所谓动词“s”型的构成,可按名词变复数的规则来记,即：i）在动词尾直接加 s.如：playplays,wantwants,workworks,knowknows,helphelps,getgetsii）以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es；如：guessguesses,fixfixes,teachteaches,brushbrushes,gogoes,dodoes,watchwatches,catchcatchesiii）以辅音字母y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es.如：studystudies,carrycarries,flyflies,

8、worryworries强调如何将主语是第三人称单数的肯定句变为否定和疑问句.现举例说明（用划线部分来说明顺口溜）：1）His mother works in a factoryHis mother doesnt work in a factoryDoes his mother work in a factory?2）Mr Li teaches us EnglishMr Li doesnt teach us EnglishDoes Mr Li teach you English?3）My brother studies maths wellMy brother doesnt study mat

9、hs wellDoes your brother study maths well?不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致）1. 花费cost cost cost 2. 割 cut cut cut3. 伤害 hurt hurt hurt 4. 让 let let let5. 放 put put put6. 朗读 read read read 7. 设置、安置 set set set8.打击，碰撞 hit hit hit9.关上门窗 shut shut shut10.让 let let let 二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致）1) 过去式、过去分词含有-

10、ought1. 带来 bring brought brought2. 买 buy bought bought3. 打架 fight fought fought4. 想 think thought thought5. 寻找、探究 seek sought sought2) 过去式、过去分词含有-aught5. 抓住 catch caught caught6. 教 teach taught taught3) 过去式、过去分词-t替换原形-d7. 建筑 build built built8. 借出 lend lent lent9. 花费 spend spent spent10.派遣 send sent

11、 sent4) 过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t或d11. 学会 learn learnt/ed learnt/ed12. 意思 mean meant meant13. 燃烧 burn burnt/ed burnted13. 做梦 dream dreamt/ed dreamt/ed13. 处理 deal dealt dealt14. 听 hear heard heard5） 过去式、过去分词改为-ept15. 保持 keep kept kept16. 睡觉 sleep slept slept17. 扫 sweep swept swept6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt18. 感觉 feel f

12、elt fel19. 嗅 smell smelt/ed smelt/ed20. 拼写 spell spelt/ed spelt/ed7) 过去式、过去分词改为-aid20. 孵蛋 lay laid laid21. 说 say said said22. 支付 pay paid paid8) 过去式、过去分词改为-old23. 卖 sell sold sold24. 告诉 tell told told9) 过去式、过去分词改为-ood25 站 stand stood stood26.明白 understand understood understood10) 其它变化27.得到 get got g

13、ot(gotten)28.坐 sit sat sat29.照顾 babysit babysat babysat30.离开 leave left left31.失去 lose lost lost32.找到 find found found33.有 have(has) had had34.握住，召开 hold held held35.制造 make made made36.悬挂 hang hung hung37.照耀 shine shone shone39.赢 win won won40逃跑 flee fled fled41喂 feed fed fed42.引导，导致 lead led led 4

14、3遇见 meet met met三、ABA （过去式与原形一致）1.变成 become became become2. 来 come came come3. 跑 run ran run四、ABC （原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）1). 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en1. 击败 beat beat beaten2. 破坏 break broke broken3. 驾驶 drive drove driven4. 吃 eat ate eaten5. 落下 fall fell fallen6. 给 give gave given7. 生长 grow grew grown8. 知道 know knew known9. 吹 blow blew blown10. 扔 throw threw thrown 11. 展示 show showed shown12.弄错，错误 mistake mistook mistaken13. 拿 take took taken14.摇动 shake shook shaken15. 说 speak spoke spoken16. 选择 choose chose chosen2) 三种形式都有变化1. 是 be( is, am, are ) was/were been2. 开始begin began begun3. 做 do did done4. 喝