初一英语期末考试考点(2012级

1、一、代词:代词种类一（单）二（单）三（单男）三（单女）三（单物）一（复）二（复）三（复）人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey人称代词宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselvesv 动词和介词后接人称代词宾格。v 主格作主语；宾格作宾语（动词和介词）；v 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词二

2、、1. 数词：基onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineten序firstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtenth基eleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen序eleventhtwelfththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth基twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightynin

3、ety序twentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetieth 2. 数词的应用：l 3 thousand students; thousands of students 3 hundred students; hundreds of studentsl 时间表达法：时间范围例子顺读法逆读法整点12:0012 oclock0 分钟303:25three twenty-fivetwenty five past three3:15three fifteena quarter past three分钟=303:30

4、three thirtyhalf past three30分钟603:40three fortytwenty to four3:45three forty-fivea quarter to fourl 年龄表达法：1. He is twelve years old. = He is twelve. = He is a twelve-year-old boy.The boy is eight years old.= He is eight.= He is an eight-year-old boy. 2. at the age of 在岁的时候 He began to learn English

5、 at the age of five.l 数量的表达：1. 许多、大量lots of / a lot of + 可数名词复数和不可数名词many +可数名词复数much +不可数名词三、冠词: 1. 不定冠词（a; an ）v a university v a European wolfv an American girl v an African elephantv an Australian kangaroov an ideav a good ideav an English carv a useful book 2. 定冠词（the）:表示特指。v There is a bird in

6、 the tree. The bird is red.v the sun / the moon/ the earthv the first lessonv play the piano/ play the guitarv the old（老年人）/ the young（年轻人）v the Great Wall / the USAv the Green family= the Greens 格林一家人v in the morning/ in the afternoon/ in the evening3. 不用冠词的情况v 专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前不用冠词 America water Jap

7、anesev have breakfast/ have lunch/ have dinner/ have supperv play football / play basketball/ play volleyball/ play table tennisv by bus/ by bike/ by train/ by plane四、名词1. 单数变复数：| baby family boy monkey| sheep deer fish| tomatopotato hero photo| foot tooth zoo kangaroo| leaf knife wife wolf shelf| A

8、merican German Australian Englishman Frenchman Chinese| mousechildman man teacherwomanwoman doctor 2. 名词所有格：. Jims room. Jim and Toms room. Jims and Toms rooms. Childrens Day 儿童节. Womens Day 妇女节. Teachers Day 教师节. a photo of my friends . a photo of mine3. 可数名词和不可数名词的量化：. 数量（2）+ 可数名词的复数. 数量（2）+ 量词（ba

9、gs/ boxes/ baskets） of + 可数名词的复数. 数量（2）+ 量词（pieces/ boxes/bags/bottles/ bowls/cups）of + 不可数名词. some / any + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词 . many +可数名词复数；much +不可数名词. 可数名词复数表示一类（apples） ；不可数名词表示一类( Milk is healthy food.)五、时态：时态意义标志词肯定句否定句一般疑问句一般现在时1. 表示现在的状态。now, often ,always, never, sometimes,usually; seldom;every

10、 (day, morning); once a week, on Sunday,at weekends主语+be(am, is are)主语+be +not+Be +主语.2. 表示经常性和习惯性的动作主语 +动词原形主语+dont +动词原形Do +主语+动词原形？主语（三）+动词的第三人称单数主语+doesnt +动词原形Does +主语+动词原形？现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作now, at the moment; right nowLook!Listen! ; Its seven oclock.主语+Be(am, is, are)+ V-ing主语+be(am, is, are) n

11、ot+ V-ingBe(am, is, are) +主语+ doing ?v 动词的变化形式：1. 第三人称单数：. teach. catch. watch. search. study. stay. play. say2. 现在分词：. wait . eat. see. get. sit. run. plan. cut. swim. shop. stop. begin. forget. happen. lie. tie. diev 注意事项：. 有be动词，将be动词提前构成一般疑问句，在be 动词后加not构成否定句，没有be动词借助于助动词do或does, 构成一般疑问句和否定句。. 否

12、定句或一般疑问句变回到肯定句，要将be动词还原；有助动词的去掉助动词，谓语动词根据主语变回到适当形式。. 划线提问频度副词用疑问词: How often.六、动词不定式:动词不定式 肯定：to do (to 为不定式符号，无意义) 否定：not to do 省略to 的动词不定式：do (动词原形)v 作主语：(用It做形式宾语，真正的主语放在句后). It is important for us to learn English. It is kind of you to help me. To learn English is important. Its a good idea to g

13、o to the park. Its great to hear from you. v 作宾语：. want to do sth. 想做某事. would like to do sth. 想要做某事. like to do sth. (like doing sth.) 喜欢做某事. plan to do sth. 计划做某事v 作宾语补足语：. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 I want you to help me. would like sb. to do sth. Would you like to help me?. ask sb. to do sth. 要

14、求某人做某事 The teacher asks me to listen to English every day. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 The teacher tells us to do homework at school. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 He invites me to watch football with him. help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 (help sb. do sth.) He often helps me to learn English. let sb do s

15、th. Lets go home. Let me help you. watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事（动作完成） I often watch his sister play football over there. . watch sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事（动作在进行） I watch a girl playing football over there now. v 其他用法：1. use sth. to do sth. 用做 He uses the computer to do homework.2. I have lots of homewor

16、k to do. 3. My job is to learn English.4. Im glad to meet you.七、动名词：（-ing）v 作主语：. Swimming is my favourite sport. Swimming and running are my favourite sport. Eating lots of vegetables is good for our health.v 作宾语：. finish doing sth. 完成做某事 I finish doing my homework. practice doing sth. 练习做某事 I ofte

17、n practice speaking English. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 Do you enjoy listening to music?. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 He is busy learning English. What about doing sth.? (How about doing sth?). thank sb. for doing sth. 因为某事谢谢某人 Thank you for helping me. spend +(时间、金钱)+ (in) doing sth. 花（时间或金钱）做某事I spend 2

18、hours doing my homework. 我花了2小时做作业。I spend 200 yuan buying the skirt. 我花了200元买这条裙子。八、双宾语：v give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. He gives me a pen.= He gives a pen to me. send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb. He sends me an email. = He sends an email to me. teach sb. sth.=teach sth. to sb. He teaches me Englis

19、h. =He teaches English to me. pass sb. sth.= pass sth. to sb. He passes me a cup of tea. = He passes a cup of tea to me.v buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. My mother buys me a book. = My mother buys a book to me. make sb. sth.= make sth. for sb. My mother makes me a cake.= My mother makes a cake for m

20、e. draw sb. sth.= draw sth. for sb. He draws me a picture. = He draws a picture for me.v give it / them to me 九、不定代词：v other, another, others 与the other的用法：l A. , onethe other (one)（两者中）另一个 例：I have two pens. One is red, the other (one) is blue.l B. , onethe others / the other（多者中）其余的 例:I have four

21、good friends. One is a doctor, the others are workers.l C. , oneanother (one)（多者中）另一个 例：I have five brothers. One is a doctor, another is a driver ，the others are workers.l D. , someothers （多者中）有些 例：The boys are on the farm. Some are planting trees, others are watering the flowers.l E. , somethe oth

22、ers / the other ones（多者中）其余的 例：There are 15 books. Some are Chinese, the others are English. Some are Chinese, the other books are English.表否定表肯定可数few(几乎没有)a few(几个；一些)不可数little(几乎没有)a little(一点儿少许)v a few /few /a little / little 的用法：十、介词表达法：v 表时间：. in the morning/ in the afternoon/ in the evening.

23、on Monday / Tuesday/ Wednesday. on Monday morning. on a snowy morning. on a rainy day. on the morning of October 1st. at seven oclock. for a long time/ for three hours. at noon. at night . at weekends. on weekdays. in 1998. in September, 1998. on September 10th, 1998 v 表地点. at home. at school . at t

24、he cinema. in a school. in a factory. in China. in Asia. in the worldv 表位置. in front of 在前面. behind 在后面. be opposite 在对面. next to 紧挨着. near 在附近. beside 在旁边. on the left 在左边. on the right 在右边. in the front of 在（内部）的前面. at the back of 在（内部）的后面. in the middle of 在的中间. betweenand 在两者之间. under 在下面. over

25、在上面（正上方）. on 在上面（表面接触）v 辨析：. on the tree There are some apples on the tree. in the tree There is a bird in the tree. on the wall There is a pictures on the wall. in the wall There are some windows in the wall. across 穿过（表面） Walk across the road. through 穿过（内部） Go through the park.十一、主谓一致： 主谓一致一般遵循以下

26、三个原则：T 语法一致原则,即谓语动词同主语在单复数形式上保持一致。如： She is a clever girl. We come from Dongying. He goes to school on foot every day.T 概念一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语表达的概念。如： My family are all well. Bread and milk are both good for our health.T 就近一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。如： There is a book and some pencils on the desk.（1）

27、人称、数的一致。如： I am an English teacher. The man studies English every holiday. The woman is called Mrs. Green.(2) 集体名词family, team, group, class作主语时 如果强调整体这一概念,谓语动词用单数; His family is a big one. 如果强调集体成员,谓语动词用复数。The family are sitting at table.(3) 主语是抽象概念、不可数名词或由some，no，every，any与body，one，thing等组成的不定代词时，

28、谓语动词用单数。如： Water is very important for everyone. Everyone likes swimming.(4) 动名词、动词不定时，谓语动词用单数。如： Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes. To give is better than to receive.（5） 表示时间、金钱、度量、重量、距离等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词用单数。如：Two months is quite a long time。Five thousand kilometers is a long way.(6)有些名词

29、如people，police等形式上是单数，意义上却是复数，故谓语动词用复数形式；而有些名词，如politics，maths，physics，news等形式上是复数，实为单数或不可数名词，其谓语动词用单数。如： Maths is more difficult than Chinese. The police are searching for the robber. No news is good news.（7）trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes等做主语时,谓语动词用复数; 但如果其前面有a /this pair of, a suit of, pairs/su

30、its of 等量词,则往往跟pair等的数一致。如：This pair of glasses is Kates. My shoes are under the bed.Some pairs of trousers have been sold out.(8) 表示计算时,谓语动词用单数。如：Three and five is eight.(9）有些形容词，如old，young，poor，rich，dead，strong等，在前面加定冠词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。如： The old are friendly to the young. (10) 主语后跟有with，together wi

31、th，as well as等词或短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。如：The mother with her two children is playing. The girl as well as his mother likes shopping. （11）There be 句型中谓语动词与离它最近的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致。如：There is a boy and some girls over there. =Therere some girls and a boy over there.十二、重要知识点：1. 也： 肯定： I like swimming , too. I

32、 also like swimming. I like swimming as well. 否定： I dont like swimming , either.2. 花钱： I spend ten yuan on the book. （主语为人） spend 钱 on sth. (doing sth.) I spend ten yuan buying the book. The book costs me ten yuan. (主语为物) cost sb. (钱) I pay ten yuan for the book. （主语为人）pay for sth. 花时间：I spend two h

33、ours doing my homework. It takes me two hours to do my homework.3. enjoy oneself 玩得愉快= have a good time = have fun doing sth. We enjoy ourselves. = We have a good time 4. Its time for sb. to do sth. 对来说到时间做某事了Its time for us to have English. = Its time for us for English.Its time for us to have lunc

34、h.= Its time for us for lunch. 5. be afraid 害怕Im afraid he cant come. 恐怕他不能来了。He is afraid to go out at night. 他害怕夜间出去。He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗。6. 辨析：alone 和lonely alone 单独；独自 He does his homework alone. The tiger lives alone.lonely 孤独的 The old man lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.7. 辨析：动作过程结

35、果例句look for 寻找find 找到He looks for his pen but he cant find it.listen to 听hear 听见He listens to the teacher. But he hears nothing.look at 看see 看见He looks at the blackboard. But he sees nothing.put on 穿wear 穿着Put on your coat. The boy is wearing a new coat. 8. 辨析：same (相同的) /different（不同的）in the same s

36、chool in different schools in different places do different things A be different from B A 和B不同 My pen is different from yours. 9. 名词和形容词的转换名词形容词用法healthhealthy. Eating vegetables is good for your health. . be healthy keep healthy stay healthy 保持健康rainrainyThere is rain in Weifang. It is rainy.snows

37、nowyThere is snow. It is snowy.sunsunnyIt is sunny. He is lying in the sun. windwindyThere is a strong wind. It is windy.useusefulHe uses the pen to write. The computer is useful.helphelpfulHe helps his mother do housework. He is helpful.friendfriendlyI have lots of friends. He is friendly to us.lov

38、elovelyThe girl is lovely.differencedifferentThere are lots of differences between the two girls.10. sometimes 有时 / some times 一些次/ some time 一段时间 / sometime 某时. I sometimes watch TV in the evening. . I go to the cinema some times a year. It takes me some time to do my homework. I will visit my uncl

39、e sometime next week. 11. 交通方式：表达方式步行骑自行车乘公交车开车乘火车乘飞机动词walkride a biketake a busdrive a cartake a traintake a plane介词on footby bikeby busby carby trainby planeon a bikeon a busin a caron a trainon a planev 同义句转换： He walks to school.= He goes to school on foot. He rides to school. = He goes to school

40、 by bike. 12. hear of =hear about 听说 Do you hear of the good news? hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 I am glad to hear from you. 13. 对提出邀请或建议：. Would you like to go to the park? Yes, Id love to. / Id love to , but. Would you like some tea? Yes, please. / No, thanks. . Shall we go and see them? . Lets go to the

41、park, shall we? . What about going to the park?. How about going to the park?. Why not go to the park? 14. go to school / go home/ come here/ go thereget to school/ get home / get here/ get there 15. very much/ a lot/ a little/ notat allI like apples very much. = I like apples a lot.I like apples a

42、little. I dont like apples at all. 16. no = not a/ an+（可数名词单数）= not any +（可数名词复数）There is no bird in the tree.= There isnt a bird in the tree.There is no water in the bottle.= There isnt any water in the bottle.There are no students in the classroom.= There arent any students in the classroom. 17. b

43、e good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth.He is good at playing football.= He does well in playing football. 18. 最后： finally= at last= in the end 19. make 意为“使”的用法v make sb./ sth.+ 形容词（宾语补足语）The story makes me happy. I like maths. Our teacher always makes it interesting.v make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事The

44、 story makes me cry. 20. exercise 的用法v 锻炼 （不可数名词）： do exercise 做锻炼v 练习、操（可数名词）：do morning exercises 做早操；do some exercises 做一些练习 do eye exercises 做眼保健操 21. “说”的不同用法：说用法say（说）He says to me, “ I like swimming.” He says to me in English. speak（说）He can speak English. He speaks to me.talk（谈论）talk to sb.

45、和交谈（单方参与）；talk with sb. 和交谈（双方参与）；talk about sth. 谈论tell（告诉）tell sb. to do sth.(告诉某人做某事) tell sb. not to do sth. （告诉某人不要做某事）；tell a lie 撒谎； tell me a story 讲故事 22. “因为”的表达方法：v because ：连词，后接句子 I like English because it is interesting. v because of : 介词短语；后接名词或名称短语 I go to school on foot because of t

46、he cold weather. v because 和so 不能同时使用He is late for school because he gets up late.He gets up late so he is late for school.v Why are you late for school? Because I get up late. 23. 帮助某人做某事. He often helps his mother clean the house. He often helps his mother to clean the house. He often helps his m

47、other with the housework.24. learn to do sth. He is learning to skate. learn from sb. We should learn from Leifang.25. “be going to do” 计划打算做某事 He is going to play football. I am going to buy a new car. There is going to be a football match this evening.26. “leave” 的用法v leave +地点 离开某地 Im leaving Sha

48、nghai. 我要离开上海。v leave for +地点 前往某地 My family are leaving for Beijing. 我们全家要前往上海。v leave sth. +地点 表示“把某物落在某地” Dont leave your homework at home. 不要把作业落在家里。27. 辨析：v Whats the weather like? (提问天气) It is sunny.v What are you like? (提问性格、品质) I am friendly. v What does he look like? (提问外貌) I am tall with l

49、ong hair. 28. with 的用法：. He is in China with his parents. He with his sister studies in the same school. He is a boy with a big nose. We eat rice with vegetables and meat. 29. “穿、戴”的几种用法：. Put on your coat. Its cold outside. 穿上你的衣服。put on 强调动作. I am wearing a warm coat. 我穿着一件暖和的衣服。 wear 强调状态. I am i

50、n a red coat today. 我今天穿着一件红色的衣服。be in +衣服 表示穿着. The boy in a hat is my brother. 戴帽子的男孩是我弟弟。in a hat 戴帽子的. The boy can dress himself. 这个男孩能自己穿衣服了。dress sb. 给某人穿衣服. He is getting dressed. 他正在穿衣服。 get dressed 穿衣服30. “打开、关闭”的几种用法：. turn on the computer turn off the computer. open the door close the doo

51、r31. get on the bus 上公交车； get off the bus 下公交车32. put on the coat 穿上衣服； take off the coat 脱下衣服十三、句子的种类33. “看”的几种用法：看用法seesee a film 看电影watchwatch a movie 看电影 watch TV 看电视 watch a football match 看足球赛readread books 读书 read newspapers 读报looklook at the blackboard 看黑板 look like a monkey 看起来像 look young 看起来年轻陈述句肯定句否定句1. He is a student.2. He can speak English.3. He likes swimming.4. He goes to school by bus5. We watch TV in the evening.6. He is reading books. 1. He isnt a student2. He cant speak English.3. He doesnt like swimming.4.