生物学专业英语：（绪论）

1、English for Biology生物学专业英语,生物学专业英语教学方案,教学目的 教学重点 教学难点 教学手段,一 教学目的,(一)掌握生物学专业英语的应用及其语言特点。专业英语教学的主要目的是培养学生科技文献的阅读能力和初步的科技论文写作能力。其教学的重点即阅读 与写作。 (二)了解专业英语课程的内容和学习方法。 (三)为专业英语课程的有效学习提供相关文献资料，从而扩大阅读范围和提高阅读能力。,二. 教学重点,生物学专业英语的特点（语法特点、词汇特点） 生物学专业英语不同于基础英语,三 教学难点：,生物学专业英语的语法特点和词汇特点,四 教学手段,以讲授为主，利用多媒体及网络进行互动教

2、学 学时数：32学时，我上16学时，李老师上16学时。,导论,经过大学三年的专业课程学习和基础英语的学习之后，我们要进入到生物学专业英语的学习。大学英语教学大纲规定，大学生在修完基础英语后，必需学习专业英语。按大纲规定，我们生物学专业的学生就应当学习生物学专业英语。,1专业英语的重要性,基础英语的学习是对学生语言能力的培养 专业知识传播少不了专业英语 自改革开放以来,与国外的交流越来越多,特别是我国加入WTO之后, 意味着全面的对外开放,与国外进行全方位的交往.在这样的条件下,只有懂外语的人才是远远不够的,只有既懂外语又懂专业的人才能适应全面的对外开放,而这种复合人才的培养必须进行专业外语的学

3、习。,1专业英语的重要性,使用英文原版教材的要求 国家教育部为使我国高等教育与国际接轨，适应当前科技迅猛发展的形势,提出今后部分专业使用英文原版教材。 中学双语教学的需要 专业英语的学习与基础英语的学习是相辅相成的 学好基础英语有利于专业英语的学习,认真学习专业英语又会促进词汇量的增长和阅读能力的提高.,2专业英语的特点（语法特点和词汇特点）,一、专业英语语法特点： 1、主要体现科技英语的特点（语言精练，逻辑性强，描述客观，其中语言精练是其风格，描述客观是其本质）。 Because most plants are able to undergo photosynthesis, they do

4、not depend on other organisms for energy.,2、长句多（可使句意表达严谨）； Biology is such a broad field, covering the minute chemical reactions inside our cells, to broad scale concepts of ecosystems and global climate change.,3、被动语态使用频繁（描述客观）；,It has been found experimentally that the ratio of the amounts of aden

5、ine(腺嘌呤） to thymine（胸腺嘧啶）, and the ratio of guanine（鸟嘌呤） to cytosine（胞嘧啶）, are always very close to unity for deoxyribose nucleic acid （DNA）,4、名词性词组多；分词使用频繁；介词短语多（可使语言精练）； 5、专业术语多；缩略词多；合成词多；插图，表格，公式，数字所占比例大；,二、专业英语词汇特点,专业英语词汇的特点表现在：(1)技术词汇多(2)二次技术词汇多(3)特用词多(4)功能词如：介词，连词，短语，代词多 专业词汇的构词法中以派生词最多，合成词其次，

6、有一定量的转换词.,photosynthesis (光合作用) microtubule (微管) microfilament (微丝) Electrophoresis (电泳) DNA （deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸） CoA （Coenzyme A） UV （Ultra-violet） AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome),3 生物学专业英语的内容,(1)掌握构词法（派生，转换，合成），扩大词汇量。 (2)阅读英文原始文献资料，扩大知识面，掌握生物学专业英语的语言规律，提高阅读，写作，翻译水平以及实际应用生物学专业英

7、语的能力。 (3)巩固英语基础知识，提高应用英语的能力（大学英语教学大纲要求大学生修完大学英语基课程后必须学习专业英语。）,4 生物学专业英语的学习方法,(1).识记专业词汇，掌握一定量的词根、词缀，扩大阅读范围 (2).巩固英语语法基础，掌握科技英语的语言特点 (3).针对应用文体加强翻译、写作练习,5 生物学专业英语参考资料,新时代出版社 科技英语学习， 上海交通大学 Science (USA)；Nature (GB.) 英语词汇学 英汉生物学词典（第三版） 金山词霸 On-Line Biology Book /faculty/

8、farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html 生物谷 ,Scope of field in Biology,Anatomy The branch of morphology concerned with the gross and microscopic structure of animal, especially humans,Biochemistry The study of the chemical substances that occur in living organisms, the processes by which these substances ente

9、r into or are formed in the organisms and react with each other and environment, and the methods by which the substances and processes are identified，characterized,and measured （Chemical processes associated with living things. ）,Biology The science of living organisms, concerned with the study of e

10、mbryology, anatomy, physiology, cytology, morphology, taxonomy, genetics, evolution, and ecology .,Biophysics The hybrid science involving the methods and ideas of physics and chemistry to study and explain the structures of living organisms and the mechanics of living processes.,Cytology The branch

11、 of biological science that deals with the structure, behavior, growth, and reproduction of cells and the function and chemistry of cells and cell component.,Ecology The study of the interrelationships between organisms and their environment. Embryology The study of the development of the organisms

12、and the zygote, or fertilized egg.,Evolution The processes of biological and organic change in organisms by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors, and a history of the sequence of such change.,Genetics The science concerned with biological inheritance, that is, with the causes of the

13、 resemblances and differences among related individuals. Histology The study of their structure and chemical composition of animal tissues as related to their function.,Immunology The division of biological science concerned with the native or acquired resistance of higher animal forms and humans to

14、 infection with microorganisms.,Microbiology The science and study of microorganisms, especially bacteria and ， rickettsiae（源自哈瓦德泰勒 立克次，美国病理学家, 1871-1910年） and of antibiotic substances.,Molecular biology The branch of biology which attempts to interpret biological events in term of the molecules in

15、the cell.,Mycology A branch of biological science concerned with the study of fungi.真菌学 Paleobotany The study of fossil plants and vegetation of the geologic past.古植物学 Paleontology The study of life in the geologic past as record by fossil remains.古生物学,Physiology The branch of biological science con

16、cerned with the basic activities that occur in cells and tissues of living organisms and involving physical and chemical studies of these organisms.,Systematics The science of animal and plant classification.系统学 Vertebrate zoology A branch of zoology concerned with the taxonomy, behavior, and morpho

17、logy of vertebrate animals. Virology The science that deals with the study of viruses.病毒学 Zoology The science that deals with the taxonomy, behavior, and morphology of animal life.,Typical plant cell. Plants cells differ from animal cells in the following ways: they have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and they often contain a large central vacuole.,Typical animal cell.,Many ribosomes translating the same message, a polysome.,The endoplasmic reticulum. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is on the left, smooth endoplasmic reticulum is on the right.,Thylakoid 类囊体,flagella,The cell cycle,Karyotype of hum