理工类A级职称英语真题及答案2008年

1、2008年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第15题，每题l分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1With immense relief. I stopped running. A some B、enormous C little D extensive2The scientists began to accumulate data. A collect B handle C analyze D investigate3Jack eventually overtook the last truck. A

2、hit. B passed C reached D led4Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. A possible B profitable C easy D wise5The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. A fact B mystery C statement D game6That guy is really witty. A smart B ugly C honorable D popular7The world champion suffe

3、red a sensational defeat. A reasonable B dramatic C humiliating D horrifying8It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job. A prepared B trained C qualified D guided9This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South. A praises B writes C imitates D describes10 The meaning is still obs

4、cure. A vague B transparent C alien D significant11 Dumped waste might contaminate Water supplies. A destroy B decrease C delay D pollute12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia. A assumes B expects C predicts D considers13 It is very difficult for a child to ad

5、here to rules. A remember B follow C understand D learn14 I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night. A awkward B strange C stupid D awful15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children. A forbid B advocate C inherit D withdraw第2部分：阅读判断（第1622垒题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个

6、句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Green Roof Research The concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs，thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent（流行）i

7、n Germany，which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research. The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as extensive andintensive systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs，which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not Reed much maintenance. can be

8、grown in a layer of substrate（土层）that can be as shallow as l.5 inches，and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs，such as shrubs（灌木）and even trees，which require deeper substrate layers，and are usually grown on flat r

9、oofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people. There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic（美学的）benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you，some of the com

10、mon economic and ecological benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy；air and water purification；recovering green spaces；and the mitigation（缓解）of the heat island effect in urban areas. The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that a

11、re suitable to be grown on roofs，the methods of propagation（繁殖）as well as establishment，nutrient（养料）and water requirement，substrates，and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive we

12、eds：tolerance of cold and heat: tolerance of drought conditions: capacity of persistence and survival. A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment，which are used to measure temperatures at di

13、fferent depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms. Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors. And all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the po

14、tential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked. 16It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned17German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned18Small plants like grasses a

15、nd herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned19Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned200ne of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities. A Right BWrong

16、C Not mentioned21 0ne focus；n the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment，its potential market is rather small. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题l分，共8分）

17、下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。The Supercomputer Network1Recently. ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked。Their computers have been connected so they can talk to each other. This may not seem Mery dr

18、amatic news，but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously：2The Internet is an interconnected（互联）system of networks that, connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the inte

19、rnet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download（下载）files，how much data you can store，etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult. 3The n

20、ew development in information technology has been called the grid（网格技术），and it will be a network of computers that are linked together, The grid will work in a different way from the Internet，enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the informat

21、ion will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations. 40ne advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The grid will decide which a

22、re the best parts of a worldwide network to do the lob you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska. 5The grid can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and he will do it for you. The assistant wil

23、l do the preliminary research, collect the data. Compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the grid that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait. 6At present，possible applications of the

24、grid in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the grid could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on grid Projects are convinced that it will be as widely us

25、ed as the web in the next ten years. 23 Paragraph 2 24 Paragraph 3 25 Paragraph 4 26 Paragraph 5 A How does the grid work?B Power sharedC Just make a requestD Limitations of present Internet useE Distance is not a problemF A new era for the Internet27 Traditionally the power of your computer determi

26、nes how fast you can access . 28 The grid will enable you to get on your computer the power of in the world。29 The grid would be like ，who can perform your tasks efficiently. 30 It is believed that the widespread use of the grid will become possible in the next 。A the bigger computer stations B the

27、advantageC ten yearsD information E your personal assistant F fifteen years第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Centers of the Great European Cities The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat

28、late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting，metropolitan atmosphere. Squares，plazas（广场）and arcades（拱廊）form the heart of Europes cities. Venice in ltaly has the Piazza San Marcoa beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona，Spain，L

29、a Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. Londons Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats（杂技演员）and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In L

30、ondon，they serve as a beautiful backdrop（背景）to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames. These vibrant（有活力的）hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. The reason people think Venice is so great tod

31、ay is you dont see all the mistakes. said Garreau. Those have all been removed. Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafs were near to peoples homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans life has moved away from the centers. They live in the subu

32、rbs and outskirts. driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists，provide the city centers with their reason for existence. Cof

33、fee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos（浓咖啡）and cigarettes. Religion also plays a role in developing sociabl

34、e atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church On an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets. cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is

35、 the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, ltaly is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops，and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community. 31It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe A has many large squares. B has many very magnificen

36、t sky-scrapers. C draws tourists in large numbers every year. D has a center where tourists meet their spouses. 32Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden? A It is crowded with people. B It is located in London. C It is filled with stalls. D It is surrounded by shops, Churches, restaurants and c

37、afes. 33Why do people think that Venice is so great? A Because it is a famous tourist attraction. B Because you can reach anywhere by boat. C Because it is well-known for its merchants。 D Because all the mistakes have been removed. 34What are Parisians famous for? A Their pursuit of independence. B

38、Their enthusiasm for conversation. C Their ability to keep the city flourishing. D Their devotion to developing a multiple culture. 35The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that A there is a tight link between church and society. B all churches are magnificent.

39、C old churches are very popular. D high-rise churches are impressive. 第二篇Real-World RobotsWhen you think of a robot，do you imagine a shiny. metallic device having the same general shape as a human being，performing humanlike functions，and responding to your questions in a monotone（单调的）voice accentuat

40、ed（强调）by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless. Box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Todays robot i

41、s more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence。that is，a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence. Such as reasoning，drawing conclusio

42、ns，and learning from past experience. A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a twolegged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does. however。move from place to place on wheels and axles（轮轴）that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that turn round and mo

43、ve in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings，a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robots base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to shake as it moves on an incline，a gyroscope（陀螺仪）inside it senses the vertical different

44、ial. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object, the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions（障碍物）in its path. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer，which then analyzes the information and corr

45、ects or adjusts the robots actions. As science and technology advance，the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial intelligence programs. 36The writer begins the passage by comparing Athe shape of a human being with a box. Ba real 1ife robot with a fictional robot. Can imaginar

46、y machine with a human. Da robot with a computer program. 37The word humanoid in paragraph 1 means Alacking human feelings. Blacking human characteristics. Clacking human intelligence. Dhaving a human form and characteristics. 38According to the first paragraph，artificial intelligence is Athe unnatu

47、ral way in which robots move. Ba voiceless. box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks。 Ca sensor that detects troubles in a robot. Da computer program that imitates human intellectual processes. 39The last paragraph suggests that future robots will Abe more humanlike in behavior and action.

48、Bsurpass human beings in intelligence. Cuse a laser to transmit information. Dwill perform very complicated household jobs. 40Another good title for this passage would be ARobots：Taking the Place of Humans. BArtificial Intelligence Programs. CTodays Robots and How They Function. DModern-Day Sensors.

49、 第三篇Why Humans Walk on Two LegsA team of scientists that studied chimpanzees（黑猩猩）trained to use treadmills（跑步机）has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours。Michael Sockol, researc

50、her of UC Davis, worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax（劝诱）adult chimps to walk on two legs and to walk on all fours. The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out. the scientists collected data that

51、allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion（移动）used less energy and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill. The researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and

52、bipedal walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not all of the chimps, walking on two legs was no more costly than on all fours. We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs-but that finding wouldnt have been as interesting. Sockol said. What

53、 we found was much more telling. For three chimps，bipedalism was more expensive，but for the other two chimps, this wasnt the case, one spent about the same energy walking on two legs as On all fours. The other used less energy walking upright. These two chimps had different gaits（步法）and anatomy（解剖）t

54、han their quadrupedal peers. Taken together，the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical（解剖学的）differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors，and that these differences provided the genetic variation which natural selection could act on when changes in the

55、environment gave bipeds an advantage over quadrupeds。Fossil and molecular evidence suggests the earliest ancestors of the human family lived in forested areas in equatorial Africa in the late Miocene era（中世纪）some 8 to 10 million year ago. when changes in climate may have increased the distance betwe

56、en food patches. That would have forced our earliest ancestors to travel longer distances on the ground and favored those who could. cover more ground using less energy. This isnt the complete answer. Sockol said. But its a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about：How and why did we become human? And why do we alone walk on two legs? 41Michael Sockol and his team were interested in Awhere humans came from. Bhow chimpanzee