疑问词+to do.ppt

1、8B Unit 4 Grammar,A. Using question words + to -infinitives,How can we form question words + to infinitives?,Question words,when what how who where which,why + to do,要说什么 何时出发 去参观什么地方 如何使用电脑 选择哪个 照顾谁 要学什么语言 要走哪条路 要借谁的书 需要邀请多少学生 需要准备多少水,what to say when to leave where to visit how to use the computer

2、 which to choose who to look after what language to learn which way to take whose book to borrow how many students to invite how much water to prepare,what not to say,Can you make up sentences?,这本说明书告诉我们要做什么，不要做什么。 这个孩子太小，他不知道什么地方该去什么地方不该去。 我不知道向谁求助。 他不知道该查哪本字典。,v. : advise, ask, decide, discuss, fi

3、nd out, forget, know, learn, remember, say, show, teach, think, understand, wonder adj. : sure, clear,P55,which to read where to find how to travel when to hand in what to write about who to ask for,Further thinking,Suzy will explain why she recommends this book.,Millie has decided what to read. Dan

4、iel did not say who to talk to about this book. Simon forgot when to meet his friends. Kitty cannot decide which to choose first. Sandy is wondering where to ask for help. Amy does not know how to write the report.,Millie has decided what she will read.,Daniel didnt say who he will talk to about thi

5、s book.,Simon forgot when he would meet his friends.,Kitty cannot decide which she will choose first.,Sandy is wondering where she will ask for help.,Amy doesnt know how she will write the report.,This week, we will have a trip to the countryside. Before going there, we need to do some preparations.

6、 What should we get ready?,We should know when to leave for the countryside.,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water

7、after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,作主语,To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.,To give up smoking is right.,1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。,2. 放弃吸烟是对的。,Its +adj. +to do sth,作宾语,Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.,He promised not to tell anyone about it.,1. Fred 没有钱，所以

8、他决定找一份工作。,2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。,作表语,My job is to teach English.,To see is to believe.,1. 我的工作是教英语。,2. 眼见为实。,My dream/ work/ duty is .,作定语,Do you have anything to say?,1. 你有什么要说的吗?,2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人,Betty was the first to know the truth,作状语,He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. They jumped with

9、 joy to hear the news. Im too tired to walk any further tonight.,目的状语.,原因状语.,结果状语,作宾补,She asked me to stay there.,1. 她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。,Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.,ask, advise, teach, tell, promise, show+ sb. +to do,注意,A.有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listen to（二听）make,

10、have, let（三让） see, watch, notice, observe（四看）.,I heard them sing a pop song . The teacher made me answer the question. We watched them play football .,注意,B. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加 not.,My father decided not to take up the job.,The teacher told us not to be late again.,注意,C. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面

11、的动词，只保留to 。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).,B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,Model verbs,must,have to,dont need to,dont have to,Must sb?,Do / Does sb. have to ?,(必须),(不得不),表示义务、命令或必要，后面接动词原形。 Soldi

12、ers must obey orders. We must keep our word. 2. must 用在否定句结构中表示“不允许、禁止” He must not leave his room. You mustnt smoke in the office.,must的用法,3. must用在一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt 或dont have to Must I hand it in before five? No, you _. Yes, you _.,you neednt. / dont have to,you must,have to 的用法,have t

13、o 由have + to do组成。因此具有have的各种时态。 He is an invalid and has to have a nurse. She knew what she had to do. I shall have to reconsider my position. He is always having to exercise judgment.,must和have to的区别,含义不同： must 表示说话人的主观思想，强调个人意志 和主观的决心。 have to 侧重于客观上的必要，强调客观条件 作用的结果。 You must do it now. I have to

14、 go now.,3. 否定含义不同 在否定句中, have to表示不需要，must则 表 示不允许。 You dont have to go there. You mustnt go there.,2. 适用时态不同 must 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时（在 间接引语中）have to 可用于更多的场合。 She said she must do well in her English.,B Using must and have to,We use must and have to to say that it is necessary to do something,Have to

15、 has different forms, has to had to will have to have/has got to,Tip1,must not = mustnt do not have to = dont have to,Tip2,We use have to when the situation makes something necessary. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge. She has to take her daughter from school in the afternoon.,We use

16、 must when the speaker feels that something is necessary. I must run away from them, Gulliver thought.,We use must not to say that something is not allowed. You must not smoke in the library.,We use do not have to to say that it is not necessary to do something. We do not have to go to school at wee

17、kends.,You (1) _ keep quiet in the library. You (2)_ keep the books clean and tidy. You (3)_draw or write in the books. You (4) _ eat or drink in the librar,Library rules,Amy is telling her cousin Shirley some library rules. Complete what she says with must, must not, have to or do not have to.,must

18、,must,mustnt,mustnt,You (5)_ return the books on time. If you want to keep them longer, you (6)_ renew them. You (7)_ bring your student card every time you go to the library, but remember to bring your library card.,must,have to,dont have to,同义句转换。,Exercise,Gulliver did not know where he could find other people. Gulliver did not know _ _ _other people. 2. Gulliver wondered who he could ask for help. Gulliver wondered _ _ _ _ help.,