土壤污染及防治英语演示课件

1、1,Environmental pollution and prevention,Crew：滕达、朱梦浩、沙科成、路飞,2,Environmental pollution and prevention,3,First, the concept of the characteristics of the soil pollution,What is soil pollution？ Soil pollution harmful toxic substances into the soil beyond the self-purification capacity of the soil, resu

2、lting in soil physical, chemical and biological properties change, reducing crop yields and quality, the phenomenon of harm to human health. From the perspective of environmental science to define soil pollution is the waste and toxic and hazardous substances into the soil over the soil self-purific

3、ation capacity, destruction of the state of the natural balance of the soil system completely soil quality deterioration or recession phenomenon.,4,2 major pollutants,1.Inorganic contaminants (such as heavy metals, acids, salts, etc.) 2.Organic pesticides (such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides

4、, etc.) 3.Organic waste (such as biodegradable or degradable organic waste, etc.) 4.Sludge, slag and fly ash, radioactive substances, parasites, pathogens,5,1 soil pollution has hidden and lag 2 Accumulation of soil pollution 3 soil pollution irreversible 4 soil pollution refractory rational,3.Chara

5、cteristics of land contamination,6,Second. Soil pollution reasons,1 sewage for irrigation 2 air pollution 3 excessive application of fertilizers 4 heavy use of pesticides 5 solid waste 6 of heavy metals 7 radioactive material contamination of soil,7,1 sewage for irrigation,Sewage and industrial wast

6、e water, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and many plants need nutrients, so reasonable use of Sewage Irrigation, general stimulation effect.Sewage containing heavy metals, phenols, cyanide and other toxic and hazardous substances directly used for farmland irrigation, will pollute the soi

7、l.,8,2 air pollution,Atmospheric pollution can be divided into two categories: gas pollution, such as sulfur dioxide, fluoride, ozone, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, etc.; aerosol pollution, such as dust, soot and other solid particles and liquid smoke, fog and other particles, they are by sedimenta

8、tionor precipitation into the soil and cause pollution.,9,3.Excessive application of fertilizers.,Long-term large-scale use of chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, will destroy the soil structure, resulting in soil compaction, degradation of arable soil tilth shallow plowing deteriorat

9、ed security fertilizer capacity decline and deterioration of the biological properties, and increase the cost of agricultural production, the impactthe crop yield and quality,10,4 heavy use of pesticides,Crops from the soil to absorb pesticides accumulated in plant roots, stems, leaves, fruits and s

10、eeds, and endanger human and livestock health through food, feed,11,5 solid waste,Industrial waste and municipal waste soil solid contaminants. For example, a wide range of all kinds of trash generated management, recycling poor, the large amount of waste was left on the land caused by land pollutio

11、n.,12,6 Heavy metal elements,Heavy metal pollutants into the soil to the presence of soluble and insoluble particles, such as fluorine, mercury, cadmium, Zn, Pb, Ni such as arsenic, chromium in the soil that can be absorbed by plants and enriched.,13,7 Radioactive substances contaminated soil,Soil r

12、adiation contamination source of uranium and thorium mining, uranium enrichment, nuclear waste disposal, nuclear weapons explosions, nuclear experiments, coal-fired power plants, phosphate ore mining processing. Easily adsorbed by the soil, the residence time is longer.,14,Third. Hazards and the sta

13、tus quo of the land,Hazard: 1.Soil pollution worsens already strained more shortage of arable land resources 2.Soil pollution tremendous threat to peoples health 3.Soil pollution to adverse impact on agricultural development has brought great 4.Soil pollution is also an important reason to cause env

14、ironmental pollution 5.Pollutants in soil pollution migration and retention, and may continue to cause land contamination 6.Soil pollution seriously jeopardize the interests of future generations, is not conducive to the sustainable development of the rural economy,15,Currently, the uproar cancer vi

15、llages. China cancer village space distribution is very uneven, in addition to the four provinces of Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia has not been found outside the village of cancer, are distributed in 27 provinces across the country, the number of significant differences between these provinces canc

16、er village. Number of cancer Village in Henan Province, more than 39 is the greatest. Causes, removal of part of the formation of the unexplained cancer villages, the formation of the cancer villages remaining 90% are associated with modern industrial pollution. Such factories and mines mainly inclu

17、de chemical plants, printing and dyeing, paper mills, pharmaceutical plants, tanneries, alcohol plants, power plants, lime kilns, where the chemical plant caused environmental pollution lead to the the cancer villages phenomenon most common.,16,Status:,At present, the overall situation of soil pollu

18、tion in China is grim, serious soil pollution in some areas, the soil heavily polluted area in heavy polluting enterprises or industry-intensive areas, the mining mining areas and the surrounding region, urban and peri-urban areas and high-risk areas. Various types of soil pollution, showing the coe

19、xistence of old and new pollutants, inorganic-organic composite pollution situation. Soil pollution pathway, the reasons are complicated, difficult to control. Soil environmental supervision and management system is not perfect, inadequate investment in soil pollution prevention, social prevention a

20、wareness. Agricultural products quality and safety problems caused by soil pollution and mass incidents are increasing year by year, become important factors that affect the public health and social stability.,17,Land pollution status of general characteristics:,1. Increased pollution levels Accordi

21、ng to incomplete survey, the national contaminated farmland and about 1.5 million mu, 3250 mu of arable land irrigated with sewage pollution, solid waste dumps covers an area of 200 mu and Hui Tian, together account for about one-tenth of the total area of cultivated landabove, most of which is conc

22、entrated in the more economically developed regions.,18,2.Huge pollution hazard.,It is estimated that the country each year due to heavy metal contamination of food amounted to 12 million tons, resulting in direct economic losses of over 20 billion yuan. Soil pollution caused by harmful substances a

23、ccumulated in the crop enters the body through the food chain and cause various diseases, ultimately endanger human health. Soil pollution directly affects the structure and function of the soil ecosystem, will eventually become a threat to ecological security.,19,3.Pollution prevention foundation i

24、s weak,Currently, the area of the national soil pollution, distribution and extent is unclear, the lack of prevention measures targeted. Prevention of soil pollution laws or blank, nor the formation of soil environmental standard system. Limited capital investment, soil science research is difficult

25、 to carry out in-depth. A considerable part of the masses and the enterprises are lack of awareness of the seriousness and danger of soil pollution。,20,Fourth, the prevention of soil pollution,1.Soil pollution prevention and control, including two aspects: First, the anti, is to take measures to prevent soil pollution; The second is the rule is already contaminated soil improved governance.,21,2.Soil pollution prevention measures,1 scientific use of Sewage Irrigation 2 Rational