第八讲简单句的基本句型

1、简单句的基本句型由一个主语和一个谓语动词所组成的句子是简单句。谓语动词有及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词之分。正是谓语动词的特点决定着句子的不同结构，如连系动词后要接表语；大多数及物动词后接一个直接宾语，有的及物动词要接直接宾语和间接宾语，还有的及物动词要接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。 句型一主语 + 谓语(不及物动词) + (状语副词、名词、介词短语等)The girl smiled.那个姑娘笑了。The children are listening quietly. 孩子们在静静地听着。He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。The meeting beg

2、ins at nine. 会议9点开始。They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。【点津】不及物动词自身意思完整，无须接宾语。 主语和不及物动词是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。上述句子虽然长短不一，但都属于这一基本句型。 句型二主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语( + 状语)He didnt like the film. 他不喜欢这部电影。She often helps him. 她经常帮助他。I have already finished reading the book. 我已经读完这本书了。They decided to go hiking. 他们决定去

3、徒步旅行。He thought about the problem for a few moments. 他思考了一会儿这个问题。【点津】及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 此句型中的谓语动词既可以是及物动词，也可以是动词短语，后面的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。修饰谓语动词的状语通常放在句末，这些状语多数是副词或介词短语，也可以是名词短语、分词或不定式短语。 句型三主语 + （连）系动词 + 表语The baby is lovely.这个小孩很可爱。Your watch looks very nice. 你的手表看起来很漂亮。The mooncake taste

4、s very delicious. 这种月饼尝起来很可口。The days get shorter and shorter. 白天变得越来越短了。In spring, the trees turn green. 春天，树变绿了。【点津】此句型中的谓语动词是系动词或连系动词，如be（am,is,are,was,were）, seem, turn(变得), taste, feel, smell, get(变得) become (变得), look(看起来) 等，作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等。 句型四主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语Please give me a few app

5、les. 请给我几个苹果。Ill show you my photos. 我将给你看我的照片。【点津】此句型中的及物动词后接两个宾语(双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。有时间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。She passed him the salt. = She passed the salt to him. 她把盐递给了他。His uncle bought him a birthday present yesterday. = His uncle bought a birthday present for

6、him yesterday.由介词 to 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：give, pass, tell, show, lend, take,teach 等;由介词 for 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：buy, cook, get, make, choose, sing 等。 句型五主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语We call him Tom for short. 我们简称他为汤姆。At first I found Chinese quite hard. 开始时我发现汉语相当难。Tell him not to be late tomorrow. 告诉他明天不要迟到。He made

7、all of us laugh. 他使我们都大笑起来。The little girl often helps her mother (to) do the housework. 这个小女孩经常帮她的母亲做家务活。We found a cat lying under the chair. 我们发现有一只猫躺在那把椅子下面。The six students keep their hands behind their backs. 这6个学生把他们的手放在他们的背后。【点津】此句型中的宾语后面需接上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，这样意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语，宾语与宾语补足语之间

8、存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。1. 接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：call, make, think, name 等。2. 接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：keep, make, find, think 等。3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为以下三种情况：(1) 接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：want, ask, wish, tell, teach等。(2) 接省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：let, make, see, hear, watch等。(3) 接带 to 或不带

9、 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是 help。4. 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：hear, see, watch, keep, find 等。5. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：find, take, keep 等。附： 句型六There be + 主语 + 状语(介词短语)There is some meat on the plate. 盘里有些肉。There is a pen and some books on the desk. 书桌上有支钢笔和几本书。There was a bike under the tree just now. 刚才树底下有辆自行车。

10、There are some people in the hall. 大厅里有些人。There are some apples and an orange in the basket. 在篮子里有一些苹果和一个橘子。There are going to be two football matches this afternoon. 今天下午有两场足球比赛。【点津】本句型又叫 There be 句型，常用来表示“在某地(某时) 有某物(某人)”，在此句型中，there 是引导词，无实义， 其主语是 be 动词之后的名词或名词短语， 且这些名词或名词短语通常用不确定的限定词(a, no, all

11、等) 修饰， 不用确定的限定词(the, this, that 等) 修饰。同时，此句型中的主语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或所有格修饰的名词。如不能说：There is China in the east of the world.There are their books on the desk.There are they under the tree.注意：（1）动词 be 在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词) 保持一致， 即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用 is，复数可数名词时用 are。若 be 后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，be动词应采取“邻近原则”，即 be 应与

12、邻近的主语在数上保持一致。动词 be 的时态随具体情况而定。（2）在此句型中，谓语动词有时不用 be，而用其他动词，使语言表达更生动形象，如 live, stand, lie 等。 Long, long ago, there lived a king. 很久以前有一个国王。 There stands a school on the hill. 山上有一所学校。随堂练习一、单项选择( ) 1. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait( ) 2

13、. It _ outside. I have to stay at home. A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained( ) 3. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play( ) 4. What did your father say just now?Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the

14、 phone. A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked ( ) 5. You _ first and I _ behind. A. go; was following B. will go; follow C. will go; followed D. go; will follow( ) 6. There _ ice on the road last week.A. was B. were C. will be D. are( ) 7. There _ a football match on the playground thi

15、s afternoon.A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be ( ) 8. There _ to be something wrong with him.A. is B. was C. seems D. are ( ) 9. There will be enough food for everybody, _?A. wont it B. wont there C. isnt it D. arent there( ) 10. There _ more than two hundred people killed

16、 in road accidents since last month. A. was B. were C. have been D. are 二、将下列句子改为同义句。1. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 2 My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.3. She cooked us a delicious meal. She _ a delicious meal _ _ us. 4 Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me. 5. She made me a cup of coffee. She _ a cup of coffee _ me.三.