几个小技巧教你拆分简化雅思长难句

1、几个小技巧教你拆分简化雅思长难句 几个小技巧教你拆分简化雅思长难句平行并列句是指一个句子中会有两个成分或以上并列句。英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如 and、or、but等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或句子连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂的多层次含义。我们做题的技巧是先找出谓语，然后确定主语，再通过关联词(and，but等)从后向前找出并列的核心单词。将句子从并列连词处断开，将并列句变成两个或若干个相对短的句子，然后再用处理简单句的方法抓句子主干，来依次处理每个相对短的句子。比如下列两句：everyone sh

2、ould know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes,and fire doors are.i wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that i thought england owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.解析如下：1. everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located

3、and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.结构：本句有三个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为should know，其余两个都是由where引导的并列宾语从句。拆分：1) everyone should know2) where the nearest fire alarm box is located3) where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are翻译：每个人都应该知道最近的火灾报警箱的位置，以及安全出口、安全梯及防火门位于何处。2. i wanted her to know that my

4、 heart was with her, and that i thought england owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.结构：本句有5个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为wanted。was和thought分别属于两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。而owed和was going为两个并列的谓语动词，共同主语为england。england这句话前面为了避免重复而省略了宾语从句的引导词that，实际上是thought的宾语从句。拆分：i wanted her to knowthat my heart was withhertha

5、t i thought(that) england owed her agreat debt and was going to miss her.翻译：我想让她知道我的心陪伴着她，而且我认为英国欠了她一大笔债，很快就会想念她。小结：1和2两句都是从句并列，找到连词，再找从句中的主干成分，便可以理解句意。除了从句并列，还有不定式引导的并列句，比如下面两个句子：the way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally infl

6、uenced.it seems simple enoughto distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.解析如下：3. the way space is used to enable the individual to achieve pr

7、ivacy, to build homes or to design citiesis culturally influenced.结构：本句中有两个谓语动词，主句谓语为 is culturally influenced, 定语从句谓语为 isused to. 主语the way 有一个很长的定语从句修饰，定语从句中有三个并列的不定式短语作动词“isused”的目的状语即to achieve privacy， to build homes，和to design cities.拆分：the way is culturally influenced.space is usedto enable t

8、he individual to achieve privacyto build homesto design cities翻译：怎样利用空间实现个人隐私，修建住宅及规划城市都受到文化上的影响。4. it seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are e

9、xternal and environmental.结构：本句话关键是通过and抓住并列的成分，句子的主干是it seems simple enough to distinguish andto separate，其中，理解的难点在separate后面的部分。separate的宾语forces后面被“acting on an organism”这个现在分词短语限定，into后面两个those告诉我们forces被分成哪些部分了。拆分：it seems simple enoughto distinguish between the organism and the surrounding env

10、ironmentand to separate forces(acting on an organism) intothose that are internal and biologicaland those that are external and environmental.翻译：区分有机体和周围环境似乎很简单;把作用于有机体的力量分为内部生物的力量和外部环境的力量似乎也很简单。小结：从上两句可以看出，并列的不定式后面还包含定语从句或名词性从句，这增加了找出并列成分的难度，但记得，第一步还是找出连词，然后分析每个从句的主干结构，从而透彻地理解整个句子。除了不定式可以引导并列结构，从句也

11、可以，而且难度更大，因为从句会误导考生找不到主句的主干，请看下句：children in low-income families and poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often lack the resources needed to pay for participation fees, equipment, and transportation to practices and games and their communities do n

12、ot have resources to build and maintain sports fields and facilities.解析：5. children in low-income families and poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often lack the resources needed to pay for participation fees, equipment,and transportation to pract

13、ices and games and their communities do not have resources to build and maintain sports fields and facilities .结构：本句中有三个谓语动词，are less likely to do为主句谓语 ,lack和 do not have 为并列原因状语从句的谓语,主语分为they 和 their communities.拆分：children (in low-income families and poor communities )are less likely (totake organ

14、ized youth sports for granted)takeforgranted把认为是理所应当because they often lack the resources (needed)(to pay for participation fees, equipment, and transportation to practices andgames)and (because)their communities do not have resources (to build and maintain sports fields and facilities ).翻译：来自低收入家庭和

15、贫穷社区的孩子就很少将社区运动视作理所应当，因为他们经常缺少必须的金钱来支付门票、设备和来回车费，而且他们的社区也没有能力来建设和维持运动场和运动设备。小结： 这句话只有虽然有三个谓语，但主句只有一个，所以第一个才是真正的谓语，其他两个是原因状语从句引导的并列从句的谓语，所以理解这句话需要找出主句的谓语。总结：长难句中的平行结构可以用不同的方式构成，可能并列成分内部仍然有并列成分，但是最重要的还是先找到主干结构，再分析并列句的结构，最后整合起来，一点点解剖整个句子的意思。雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案next year marks the eus 50th anniversary of the t

16、reatya.after a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental european governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-european institution-building in 20xx. whether the european public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is ano

17、ther matter.b.there are several reasons for europes recovering self-confidence. for years european economies had been lagging dismally behind america (to say nothing of asia), but in 20xx the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping america in terms

18、of growth. since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 20xxs improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 20xx, though the recovery may be ebbing by then.c.the coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natur

19、al law. every four or five years, european countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the maastricht treaty in 1992, the treaty of amsterdam in 1997, the treaty of nice in 2001. and in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a european constitution, laying the groun

20、d for yet more integrationuntil the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by french and dutch voters. but the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.d.in 20xx the european union marks the 50th anniversary of another treatyt

21、he treaty of rome, its founding charter. government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of european unity. by itself, and in normal circumstances, the eus 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly me

22、aningless, a routine expression of european good fellowship. but it does not take a machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty.

23、all that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building andhey prestoa new quasi-constitution will be ready.e.according to the german governm

24、entwhich holds the eus agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 20xxthere will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. there would then be a couple of years in which it will be discussed, approved by parliaments

25、and, perhaps, put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable. then, according to bureaucratic planners in brussels and berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in 20xx-10. europe will be nicely back on schedul

26、e. its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.f.the resurrection of the european constitution will be made more likely in 20xx because of what is happening in national capitals. the european union is not really an autonomous organisation. if it functions, it is because

27、 the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active european policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries.g.that did not happen in 2005-06. defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countriesfrance

28、, italy and germanywere stumbling towards their unlamented ends. they saw no reason to pursue any sort of european policy and the eu, as a result, barely functioned. but by the middle of 20xx all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the european political landscape.h.the upshot i

29、s that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucratic momentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 20xx. that does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. the british government, for one, will almost certain

30、ly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between britain and the rest of europe. more important, the voters will want a say. they rejected the constitution in 2005. it would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 20xx just as a resul

31、t of an artful bit of tinkering.questions 1-6do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in reading passage 1?write your answer in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.true if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writerfalse if the statement contradicts the claims of the writernot give

32、n if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this1.after years introspection and mistrust, continental european governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 20xx.2. the european consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of french and dutc

33、h voters.3. the treaty of rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the european union, was signed in 1957.4.it is very unlikely that european countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the treaty of rome.5.french government will hold the eus presidency and lay dow

34、n the agenda during the first half of 20xx.6.for a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between britain and the rest of european countries.questions 7-10complet the following sentencces.choose no more than three words from reading passage 1 for each answer.write your answer in boxes 7-

35、10 on your answer sheet.7. every four or five years, european countries tend to make a rapid progress towards _by signing a new treaty.8. the european constitution is supposed to _for yet more integration of european union member countries.9. the bureaucratic planners in brussels and berlin rashly i

36、gnore the possibility of _and think the new consitution will be delivered in 20xx-10.10. the politics of the three large continental countries, _ and the economic recovery will join together to urge the integration in 20xx.11. which of the following statemnts is true of euopean economic development.

37、a. the economy of europe developed much faster than that of asia before 20xx.b. the growth of european economy was slightly slower than that of america in 20xx.c. the development of european economy are likely to slow down by 20xx.d. the recovery of european economy may be considerably accelerated b

38、y 20xx.12. the word “immobilised” in the last line of section c means _.a. stopped completely.b. pushed strongly.c. motivated wholely.d. impeded totally.13. which of the following statements about the treaties in european countries is not true.a. the maastricht treaty was signed in 1992.b. the treat

39、y of amsterdan was signed in 1997.c. the treaty of nice was signed in 2001.d. the treaty of rome was signed in 20xx.14. the european constitution failed to be ratified in 2005-20xx, becausea. the leaders of france, italy and germany were defensive, cynical and self-destructuve.b. the voters in two c

40、ountries of the union -france and holland rejected the constitution.c. the leaders of the eu thought that it was unneccessary to pursue any european policy.d. france, italy and germany are the three largest and most influential euro-zone countries.雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案part iinotes to the reading passage1. p

41、an-enropeanpan-: 前缀：全，总，泛pan-african 全/泛非洲的(运动)pan-enropean全/泛欧的(机构建设)2. outstrip超越，胜过，超过，优于material development outstripped human development”“物质的发展超过了人类的进步”3. ebb回落跌落;衰退或消减the tide is on the ebb.正在退潮。4. machiavelli马基雅维利，尼克尔1469-1527意大利政治理论家，他的著作君主论(1513年)阐述了一个意志坚定的统治者不顾道德观念的约束如何获得并保持其权力。*中意为“任何一个人

42、都可以看到，显而易见。”。5. hey presto突然地;立即(魔术师用语)您看，变!6. upshot结果;结局part iiikeys to the questions 1-141. trueexplanationsee the first sentence in section a “aftera period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental european governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-european institution-bui

43、lding in 20xx”.2. falseexplanationsee the third sentence in section c “and in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a european constitution, laying the ground for yet more integrationuntil the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by french and dutch voters.”.3. trueexplanationsee the first sentence in the s

44、ection d “in 20xx the european union marks the 50th anniversary of another treatythe treaty of rome, its founding charter.”.4. falseexplanationsee the third sentence in section d“but it does not take a machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyon

45、e would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty”.5. not givenexplanationsee the first sentence in section e “according to the german governmentwhich holds the eus agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 20xx”.6. trueexpl

46、anationsee the third sentence in section h“the british government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between britain and the rest of europe”.7. further integrationexplanationsee the second sentence in section c“every four or five years, european countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty”.8. lay the groundexplanati