航空电子设备：FDR-ACMS(English) 飞行数据记录器和飞机状态监控系统

1、Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording the data may also be used for monitoring airplane systems. All transport aircraft above 5,700 kg must be fitted with a flight data recorder. The flight recorder system will automatically record airplane airspeed, attitude, altitude, eng

2、ine performance and other data from engine start-up to engine shut-down,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Operation of the FDR must be fully automatic and not require pilot switching. Most importantly, pilots are not able to turn t

3、he FDR off in flight or erase data after landing, to ensure data that may be relevant to an accident or incident is protected for use by accident investigation officers,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Recorder System On Mo

4、del 737,757,and 767 airplanes the flight recording system consists of a Flight Data Recorder, Flight Data Acquisition Unit (FDAU), accelerometer and a control panel,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Figure 4.1,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording

5、 & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,The purpose of flight data recorder is to record the data passed to it by the FDAU. A flight data recorder will record twenty-five hours of data on a continuous tape. To protect the tape in the event of an accident, the recorder is housed in a sealed,fire and

6、impact resistant container,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,The FDR is normally located in a part of the airframe that is likely to suffer least in the event of an impact. Consequently, they are normally Digital Flight Data Record

7、ers (DFDR) are fitted to many modern transport aircraft, and have the capacity to record as many as 300 parameters, including control positions and systems performance,installed in the tail or roof of the aircraft,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition M

8、onitoring System,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,A triaxial accelerometer is an integral part of the flight recorder system. Accelerometer measure accelerations along the airplane lateral

9、，Longitudinal，and vertical axes of the airplane and send them to the,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,FDAU,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Cockpit controls for the FDR are limited to a warning light which illuminates in the event of FDR failure, and a test switc

10、h for use only on the ground,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Figure 4.2,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Federal Airworthiness Regulation (FAR) 121.343 requires that 17 parameters are recorded by the FDR. The seventeen parameters currently required by the FAR ar

11、e: Time Altitude Airspeed Vertical acceleration Heading Time of each radio transmission to or from Air Traffic Control Pitch attitude Roll attitude Longitudinal acceleration Control column or elevator position Pitch trim position Control wheel or aileron position Rudder pedal or rudder position Thru

12、st of each engine Position of each thrust reverser Trailing edge flap or flap handle control position Leading edge flap or flap handle control position,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,The October 1991, amendment to FAR 121.343 wi

13、ll require that parameters in addition to the seventeen listed above are recorded. The additionally required parameters are: Ground spoiler position or speed brake selection Marker beacon passage Autopilot engagement Lateral acceleration Glideslope deviation Localizer deviation Automatic flight cont

14、rol system modes and engagement status Radio altitude Master warning Main gear squat switch status Angle of attack Outside air temperature Hydraulic system low pressure Groundspeed,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,FAR 124.343 goes

15、 on to recommend that additional parameters are recorded if recording capacity is available. These parameters are: Drift angle Wind speed and direction Latitude and longitude Brake pressure/brake pedal position Engine parameters Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR) N1 compressor N2 compressor Exhaust Gas Tem

16、perature (EGT) Thrust lever position Fuel Flow Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Traffic advisory Resolution advisory Sensitivity level (as selected by the crew) Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) Landing gear or landing gear selector position DME 1 and DME 2 distance Navigation 1 and na

17、vigation2 radio frequency selection,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Figure 4.3,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Airplane Condition Monitoring System,The FDAU collects ACMS data from the airplanes senso

18、rs,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Figure 4.3,Civil

19、Aviation Flight University of China,Figure 4.3,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Airplane Condition Monitoring System,ACMS data, which contains some of the same data as sent to the flight The data storage device may be a disk drive installed in the FDAU itself or a Quick A

20、ccess Recorder (QAR). A QAR is a tape recorder similar to a flight,recorder data, is sent to a data storage device,recorder but without the crash protection features,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Airplane Condition Monitoring S

21、ystem,Some FDAUs can store the data in memory and then write the data to a storage device called an airborne data loader after the airplane has landed. Airplane maintenance personnel will periodically remove the tapes from the QAR for analysis. The tape is taken from the airplane and read by the ACMS A QAR can store much more data than can