人教版八年级下英语期末备考讲义(短语解析,写作训练)AwHlnn0001

1、学员编号：年 级：初二课时数：3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师:授课类型T （短语辨析）C （ to do用法专题）T （一般将来时与写作）授课日期及时段教学内容、引入（3分钟）二、同步知识梳理（15分钟）知识点1 ：高频动词短语辨析come ，give ，take ，try, make it知识点2:感叹句知识点3:祈使句知识点1:高频动词短语辨析Come +短语acome along 道来；come out出来，出版；come down倒塌，降下来；come across偶然遇至U;come over 过来；come to an end 结束；come to on eself 苏醒过来；

2、come up长出，发牙；走近come into use 开始使用；come round绕道而来；come at扌卜向；come on （表示劝说、激动、不耐烦等）快！come true 实现come up with找到，解决，想到come byGive +短语give in:1. 屈服，让步He would rather die tha n give in.他宁死不屈。2交；递交，Please give in your essays no w, said the teacher. 老师说：现在请你们把作文交上来。” give up1. 递上去，传上去He gave the books up

3、to her. 他把书往上递给她。2. 放弃，认输He has give n up smok ing. 他戒烟了。give out1. 分发，散发Please help me give out these test papers. 请帮我分发这些试卷。2. 用完，耗尽The coal bega n to give out. 煤快用光了。give off 发出，放出The gas gave off an un pleasa nt smell.这种气体散发出一种不好闻的味道。Take +短语take after （外貌）相像 take down写下，记下take off起飞；匆匆离开；脱下 tak

4、e to喜欢，开始从事take up开始从事，着手处理take apart拆卸，拆开take for把误认为take on 承担；呈现；开始雇佣take pictures 照相take it easy 别紧张take away 减去take in欺骗；吸收，吸纳take over接收，接管 take care of照顾，照料Try + 短语try on试穿（衣服、鞋等）；试戴（帽子等）try out试验；尝试try one s best to do 尽力去做try to do是指尽力做某事”try doing是指试着做某事”make it 用法总结1. 表示事业获得成功You will mak

5、e it if you try.你会成功的，如果你努力的话。2. 表示某人做成某事lean t make it on Friday. It s very short notice.星期五我办不好，时间太短了。3. 表示设法做到某事I ve been having violin lessons every two weeks, but I think I ll make it every week from nowon.我一直是每两个星期上一次小提琴课，但是我想从现在起每个星期都上课。4. 表示及时赶上火车等The train won t leave for another ten minute

6、s, so I think we can make it. 离开车还有 10 分钟，我想我们能赶得上5. 表示约定时间Let s make it at 8:30. Is that all right for you? 我们约定在 8点半吧，这对你合适吗？6. 表示病情好转He had a high fever, but it doesn t mean he couldn t make it.他发高烧，但这并不意味着他挺不过去。7. 注意，以下make it结构中的it为形式宾语：I have to make it clear that my family is poor. 我得说清楚我家里很穷

7、。I make it a rule to write in my diary every night. 我把每晚写日记当成一种习惯。He made it a rule to take part in physical labour.他规定自己应参加体力劳动。“Where is my tea?”I m just going to make it.我的茶呢？”我这就沏。”知识点2:感叹句 What引导的感叹句的中心词是名词。句型为： What + (a / an)+形容词 +名词+(主语+谓语)！例如：1) What a cold day (it is)!今天天气真冷啊！2) What delic

8、ious food(it is) !多好吃的食物啊！注：What结构中的名词若为单数可数名词，要用不定冠词a/an，而不用the;如句1):若为复数或不可数名词(常见不可数名词：work, weather, fun, food 等)，则不用冠词，2)；2. How引导的感叹句的中心词是形容词或副词。句型为：How +形容词/副词+(主语+谓语)！例如:1) How cold(it is ) today!今天天气真冷啊！2) How happy(the children are) !孩子们真愉快啊！3) How hard(the student works) !这个学生学习多努力啊！4) How

9、 well( Mr Zhao teaches )!赵先生教得多好啊！5) How happily(the boys are playing) !那些男孩们玩得多开心啊！注：how结构中主语如果是名词，常常前面要用定冠词the(比较第2和3两句);1) 2)两句是感叹形容词，3) 4) 5)是感叹副词。知识点3:祈使句1. 大哥V档案V(代表行为动词原形)+宾语+其它成分表演Close the window.关上窗户。2. 二哥 B档案Be+表语(名词/形容词等)+其它成分表演Be a good stude nt!做个好学生！3. 三哥L档案Let+宾语(通常为第一或第三人称宾格表演Let s

10、go hom咱们回家吧！4. 四哥D档案Don 动词原形+其它成分表演Don t be late.不要迟到。 Help yourself to some fish.随便吃点鱼吧。Be quiet!安静！)+动词原形+其它成分Let her in.让她进来。Do nt read in the sun别在阳光下看书。5. 五哥P档案Please+动词短语(please也可放在句尾，其前加逗号)表演Please sit down.=Sit down, please.请坐。6. 六弟N档案No+名词或动名词(是日常生活中常见的警示语 )表演No photos!禁止拍照！No smoking !禁止吸烟

11、祈使句，无主语，只用谓语就可以。表示请求或命令，加上please表客气。Stand up, please ! 请起立！Come here.来这里。如果变成否定句，Don t开头是规律。Do。No fishing !是警示语，祈使句用法要牢记。7. 祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词例如:快住口!8. 祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will 或 won t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：1）形式一致（即Yes与will保持一致；No与won t保持一致）2）意思相反（即Yes是不”的意思；No是是”的意思）。 在回答时，要注意

12、分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。如：-Don t go out, please. It s raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。will you 或 wont you。请把yo打开，好吗？will you。9. 祈使句的反意疑问句（1）肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用Please ope n the door, will/ won（2）否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用Dont be late agai n, will

13、you? 别再迟到了，行不行?、同步题型分析 （10分钟） 题型1 :短语辨析Really? I can t wait to read it.例 1: A new book on how to lose weight issoon.A. givi ng outB. coming out C. work ing out D. selli ng outtthe sun well.例 2： Bill does n t like the sun glasses in the ad because they canD. look outd betterA. take outB. keep outC. c

14、lea n out例 3： If you see any litter on the school playground, youA. give it awayB. pick it upC. turn it offD. put it on测试题 1. It was a difficult time, but we n everhope.A. put upB. gave upC. picked upD. used up测试题 2. The us writer introduced us his new book that willnext mothA. give outB. come outC.

15、 put out测试题 3. Karin found some waste paper on the floor . Sheitand threw into the future.A. put; upB. picked upC. turn ed; upD. looked up题型2 :感叹句例 1.fine the weather is !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a例 2.exciting film we saw yesterday !A. What a B. How aC. How anD. What an例 3.great fun they had !A.

16、 What a B. What C. HowD. How a测试题 1.heavy rain it was !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a测试题2.fun place to go Shan ghai is !A. What aB. WhatC.HowD. How a测试题3.happy life the old live!A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a题型3 :祈使句例 1. The TV is too loud. Please.A. turn it dow nB. to tur n it dow nC.tur n dow n it

17、D. to turn dow n it例 2.late again, Bill!A. Dont to beB. Dont be C. Not be D. Be not例 3.cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A. Not B. Wont C. Does ntD. Do nt测试题 1. Please help me carry it,?A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we 测试题 2. Dont make so much noise,?A. will you B. wont

18、youC. shall we D. do you测试题 3. Do you know the girlunder the tree?A. standB. to standC. standingD. stood总结：1熟记短语意思和用法，根据句意选择2背诵感叹句句型，套用，注意名词前是否要使用冠词3掌握祈使句口诀，特别注意反义疑问句三. 课堂达标检测 （10分钟）1. Peter, what if your parents go out? A. look afterB. look upThey ask me tomyself.C. look forD. look through2. Mike A

19、. turned onhis computer and checked his e-mail.B. turned offC. turned upD. turned dow n3. It is a good habit toall your things in correct places.A. put awayB. put upC. put outD. put off4. Can you tell me the English meaning of the word?-Why don t youin the dicti on ary?A. look it upB. ring it upC. p

20、ick it up5. The bus is coming. Be careful whe n youthe bus.A. get onB. get offC. get upD. get to6. Hi, Jack. Would you pleasethe picture on the wall?A. pick upB. look upC. get upD. put up7. Don tthe light, Ia report.A. turned off; have readB. turn off; am readi ngC. tur ned on; have readD. tur ned o

21、n; am readi ng8. I find it too difficult to lear n En glish well. I want to drop it.A. give up itB. give it upC. give away it9. Ive kept the dogMaomao for a long time.A. Name B. n amedC. naming D. to n ameD. give it away10. Dont you know thatis good for our health?11. nice fish they cooked !A. What

22、aB. WhatC. HowA. swim B. swimmi ngD. How aC. swamD. swimsC. HowD. How aD. How a12. blue the sky is! A. What a B. What13. dan gerous the ani mals are !A. What aB. WhatC. How14. good time we are havi ng ! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a15. Kate,your homework here tomorrow.A. bringB. brings C. to bri

23、ng D. bringing16. me the truth, or ni be an gry.A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell17. Do nt forget to turn off the lights, please.（改为反意疑问句）Dont forget to turn off the lights,?18. If you move, youll die. （改为同义句）, or youll die.19. Come to my house tomorrow.（改为反意疑问句）Come to my house tomorrow,?20. Le

24、ts watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）Lets watch the sports games,?四. 总结。（2分钟）一.知识点（10分钟）考点分析：to do的用法1后接to do的动词：谓语动词（vt.）+不定式（作宾语）说明want（想）/ try（试图）/ decide（决定）/ would like（想要）/ hope（希望）/ love（喜爱）/ learn（学 会）/ afford（提供）/ agree（同意）/ fail（失败、未 冃能）/ mean（意味着）/ prefer（宁愿）/ wish（希望）+ to （do）（无）help（帮助）t

25、o可以省略begin（开始）/ start（开始）/hate（憎恨）也可跟动名词，意义变化不大forget（忘记）/ remember（记得like（总爱）也可跟动名词，意义变化较大2.动词+疑问词+to do :谓语动词（vt.）+wh-疑问词+不定式（作宾语）说明tell （告诉）/ show （显示）/ know （知道）/ ask （问）/ find out （发现）/ understand （明白）/ wonder（疑惑）/ learn（学会）/ forget（忘i己）/ remember（i己得）/ teach sb.（教某人）/ discuss（商讨）what where + h

26、ow who which + to （do）不定式疑问 形式还可以 作句子的主 语、表语等。3.动词 +sb/sth+to do :谓语动词（vt.）+ 宾语（人 / 物）+不定式（作宾语补足语）ask（请）/ tell（关照）/ teach（教）/ want（想要）/ would like（想要）/ get（让）/ invite（邀请）/ like（喜欢）/ warn（警告）/ help（帮）/+sb. / sth.+to （do）make（使得）/ let（让）/ hear（听）/ see看） / feel（感觉）/ watch（观看 ” have（使得）/ help（帮助）+sb. /

27、sth.+ （do）4. it is +to do 用法： It + be+名词+ to doIts our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work? It + be+形容词+ for sb+ to do逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. It + be+形容词+ of sb + to do

28、It is stupid of you to write dow n everythi ng ”， the teacher says. It seems（appears）+ 形容词+ to doIt seemed impossible to save mon ey.二、 专题精讲：细节题解题技巧（15分钟）例1建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It willthe workers over a yearthe flyover.例 2. Its very niceyou to get me two ticketsthe World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C.

29、to， for D. of， to例 3. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.（改为意思相同的句子）The holesuch a fat panda to go through.例 4.“ What are you going to do this weekend? ”“ I d likemy parents.”A. to visit B. visitC. visit ing测试题1. The ice on the lake was so thin that people could nt skate on it.（改为意

30、思相同的句子）The ice on the lake was nteno ughpeople.2. What s your plan for the summer holidays? I ve no idea, but I ve decidedat home.A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. stay ing3. Last week our geography teacher told us more information about how to protect the environment.A. get B. got C. to get D. gett i

31、ng4. Our headmaster asked us a report on how to protect wild ani mals.A. write B. writ ingC. to write D. wrote5. How do you feel whe n you watch the n ati onal flag go up?It makes me very proud.A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel6. It took her half an hour the Water Park by bus last Sun day.A. get

32、s to B. get to C. to get to D. gett ing to7. It s dangerous for you that tall tree.A. climb B. to climb C. climbi ng D. climbed8. My brother is ill in hospital. I m sorry that.A. hearB. heari ngC. heard D. to hear9. more information about the trip, you can go to .A. Find B. Fin di ng C

33、. To find D. Fou nd10. Some childre n are arguing about what TV programs A. watchi ng B. for watch ing C. to watch D. will watch11. Martin Murray is a fifteen-year-old boy. He useda “ problem child ” , but luckily, his mother was very patient,and didn t give uphim.A. to be; try to help B. being; try

34、ing helping C. to be; trying to help D. being; try helping12. Ali said that she would n t mi nd _alone at hcBn bAnlefbft C. to be left D. leavi ng13. If you keepEn glish, you can lear n En glish well.A. practis ing speak B. practis ing speak in gC. practis ing to speak D. to practise spoke n14. She

35、enjoyslight music.A. to hear B. heari ng C. liste ning to D. to liste n to15. He fini shed his homework, the n he went ona letter.A. write B. writi ng C. with D. to write总结：解题技巧（1）熟练记忆与接to do 的动词（2 ）根据搭配，直接选择三、专题过关（10分钟）1. It s wrongnother a letter.A. of you; to writeB. for you; writ ing C. of you;

36、writ ingD. for you; write2. I m sorry, Imy exercise book at home. Don t forgetit to school tomorrow, please.A. forget; to takeB. left; to bring C. forget; to bringD. left; to take3. Before you go abroad, you needabout table manners in that country.A. knew B. known C. to know D. knowing4.1 n eed some

37、 paper.A. to write B. to write on C. to write inD. writ ing5. I have no pens. Could you please lend me one? Sure. Here you are.A. to writeB. to write dow n C. to write withD. to write in6. Do you think our football team will win the match? Yes, we have better players. So I _ them to win. A. hope B.

38、ask C. help D. expect7. I am allowedun til 12:00 on the evening of the Spring Festival.A. stay upB. to stay up C. stay ing upD. to stay ing up8. the “ No Car Day ” campaig n （活动） asks Beiji ng drivers _their cars at home one day each mon th.A. leaveB. leavi ngC. to leaveD. to be left9. Do you like s

39、ports?Sure. I m looking forward tothe 29th Olympic Gamesn Beijing on TV.A. watch B. watchi ng C. watch D. watchi ng10. Good manners usually help people toeach other.A. get on well with B. get started C. be frien dlyD. get together11. They preferTV ton ewspapers.A. watchi ng; readi ng B. watchi ng; t

40、o read C. to watch; read D. to watch; read ing12. Oh, terrible! I forgotthe window.lt s windy.Really? Let s go back home quickly.A. closingB. to close C. closed D. close13. Shopp ing with me? Sorry, I have a lot of clothes.A. to washB. washed C. washD. to be washed14. On her way home Lucy saw a thie

41、fin a shop. She stopped110 at once.A. steal; callB. to steal; call C. steali ng; to call D. steali ng; calli ng15. There are some dan gerous fishes in this river, and I toldJackhere.A. not to swimB. to not swim C. swim not toD. to swim not四. 方法总结（5分钟）一、能力培养知识点1: be goi ng to 的用法知识点2: will的用法1. 用be d

42、oing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。 如：go, come, leave, arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。We are havi ng fish for dinner.We are moving to a differe nt hotel the day after tomorrow.这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。A: Where are you going? B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?A: Yes, I a

43、m just coming. Wait for me.2. 用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事Are you going to post that letter?How long is he going to stay here?另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。It s going to rain.George is putt ing on weight; he is going to be quite fat.3. 用will/ shall do 表示将来：一是表示预见You will f

44、eel better after taking this medicine.Do you think it will rain?二是表示意图.I will not lend the book to you.Take it easy, I will not do it any Ion ger. 基本结构：She will come to have class tomorrow.Will she come to have class tomorrow?She won t come to have class tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?肯定形式： am/i

45、s/are going to + do : will/shall + do.否定形式： am/is/are going not to + do : will/shall not + do.4. There be句型的一般将来时：There is going to be a beautiful garde n in our school.There is going to have a beautiful garde n in our school.（错）二、能力点评综合题11. Therea meet ing tomorrow after noon.A. will be going toB.

46、will going to beC. is going to beD. will go to be2. Charliehere next mon th.A. isn t workingB. doesn t working C. isn otrggto working D. won t work3. Hevery busy thisweek, hefree n ext week.A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be4. Therea dolph in show in the zoo tomorrow evening

47、.A. wasB. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be5. -youfree tomorrow?-No. Ifree the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; willB. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will beD. Are; going to be; will be6. Motherme a nice prese nt on my n ext birthday.A. will gives B. will give C. gives D.

48、give7. -Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?-.（不，不要。）A. No, you won tB. No, you aren t. C. No, please donD.No, please.8. -Where is the morning paper?Tif for you at once.A. get B. am getti ng C. to get D. will get9. a concert n ext Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are1

49、0. If they come, wea meeti ng.A. have B. will have C. hadD. would have综合题2谈谈你和你的澳大利亚笔友来信说她在进行一个关于中国孩子的理想调查，请你以Lin da的名义给她写一封回信,你的一些朋友及同学对未来的打算。思路：1.时态：一般将来时2. 人称：第一人称和第三人称。3. 构思：（1）问候对方 （2）自己将来的打算（3）介绍同学的理想（4）让Joyce回信4. 注意事项：书信格式和一般将来时的正确运用题纲1.分析本文围绕“未来打算”来写：总：I want to tell you something about Chin

50、ese children dreams.分：（1）介绍自己的理想When I grow up, I am going to be a math teacher and aork in a good school(2) 朋友的理想Mary, my best friend, wants to be an actress(3) 同学的理想My classmates, Jack, ia going to be a football player whe n he grows up.总：表示期待Would you like to tell me your dream?Dear Joyce,How are

51、 you? Are you busy with your schoolwork? I want to tell you someth ing about Chin ese childre ndreams.When I grow up, I am going to be a math teacher and aork in a good school. I always love study ing math. Mary, my best friend, wants to be an actress. She likes movies very much and often watches vi

52、deos at home. She is going to American and take acting less ons.My classmates, Jack, ia going to be a football player whe n he grows up. He says he going to practice football every day and go to a sports college after high school.Would you like to tell me your dream?Yours,Lin da.三、能力提升 测试题一：11. Hehe

53、r a beautiful hat on her n ext birthday.A. gives B. gave C. will givi ng D. is going to givi ng12. Heto us as soon as he gets there.A. writes B. has writte nC. will write D. wrote13. Hein three days.A. coming backB. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back14. If ittomorrow, we -stgatir

54、aglerA. isn tiraiB. won t rain C. doesn t rainD. doesn t fine15. -Will his pare nts go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?-No, (不去).A. they willnB.they won t.C. they aren D.they don t.16. Whoweswimmi ng with tomorrow after noon?A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go17. Wethe work this way n ext time.A. do B. will do C. goi ng to do D. will doi ng18. Tomorrow hea kite in the ope n air first, and the nboat ing in the park.A. will fly; will goB. will fly; goesC. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; wil