现在完成时态

1、现在完成时,一、现在完成时的构成,助动词have (has）+ 动词过去分词,二、过去分词的构成,ABB,AAA,ABC,三、现在完成时的主要用法,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果,He has just turned off the light. 他刚把灯关了。 相当于：He turned off the light just now. The light isnt on now. 即关灯这一动作对现在造成的结果和影响：现在灯不亮了,I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业,1、since Mr. Smith has wo

2、rked here since 1984. I have known Tom since 7 years ago. Hes learned about 500 words since he went to college,上一页,下一页,主菜单,四、现在完成时的时间状语,2、for一段时间 （two weeks/six months/five days）for短语表示动作延续多长时间 。 He has taught in this school for four years. 我们认识有二十年了。 I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了,3、j

3、ust, already, ever， recently，before, never是完成时态的时间状语，而just now /a moment ago 是一般过去时的时间状语。 The train has just arrived. （火车刚到。） Did you see Joan just now? （你刚才看到琼了吗？） Have you heard from your family recently? （你最近收到家人的来信了吗,上一页,下一页,主菜单,五、瞬间动词动词与时间段的关系,瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束，所以在肯定句、疑问

4、句中不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用（在否定句可以用，表示一种状态）但可以用其它方式来表示,I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年,2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。这时往往与表示一段的时间状语连用,She has lived here since she was born. 自从她出生时就一直住在这儿,I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语,为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep或

5、短语“be+名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语）”来代替短暂性动词,borrowkeep； buyhave; get to knowknow;become be; beginbe on;finishbe over; diebe dead; fall asleepbe asleep; fall ill be ill; leave be away (from), come(go, arrive, get) be here/there/in; joinbe in （be a member of,也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“It is since从句（从句中用一般过去时）” 或用“一般过去时+ ag

6、o”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状 态,上一页,下一页,主菜单,1.电影开始五分钟了。 The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began The film began five minutes ago. 2.他入党五年了。 He has been in the Party for five years. It is five years since he joined the Party. He joined the Party five years ago,3.我买了这块手表五年了。

7、4.这位老人已经死了十年了,I bought this watch five years ago. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago,The old man died ten years ago. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago,下一页,上一页,主菜单,5.他已经回来三天了。 6.我离开家乡已十年了,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 day

8、s ago,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years,六、have been to与have gone to,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表 示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾经去过南京吗？ have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去 了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 -Where is she? -She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了,七、与一般

9、过去时的用法比较,1.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系，而现在完成时是表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况,上一页,下一页,主菜单,2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 1.一般过去时的时间状语有: yesterday ,last week,一段时间ago, in 1980（过去时间）, in October ,just now, a moment ago,上一页,下一页,主菜单,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago,We f

10、inished our task last week,2.现在完成时的时间状语： for, since, ever, just, yet, already等不确定的时间状语,They have lived here for ten years,She has been in the Reading Club for many years,I have known Daniel since ten years ago,He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dic

11、tionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典,上一页,下一页,第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”,第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明,主菜单,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. 6. How _ she _(go) there yesterda

12、y? She _(go) there by air,have read,has gone,did,go,went,下一页,上一页,主菜单,动 词 填 空： 1._ you already_ (clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. _you ever _(be) there many times,Hav

13、e,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,Have,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,选用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been de

14、ad _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,主菜单,改 错 1. The film has stopped for an hour. . 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. Kitty has bought a book since last week. 4. Our manager isnt in today. He has been to Guangzhou,been on,kept,gone,h

15、ad,现在完成时练习题,1. my dictionary? Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago. A. Have you seen B. Do you seen C. Had you seen D. Would you seen 2.Have you even been anywhere for a trip? A trip? I away from my hometown even once. A. went B. have gone C. have never been D. have been 3.Many new railways _ in

16、the past few years. A. has been built B. have been built C. have been build D. has building 4. have you been here? 3 year. A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How,1.where is Jim? He Wuhan. 2. My parents the Great Wall twice. They like there very much. you ever to the Happy valley? How long Peter

17、the West Hill farm? My sister the shop. She will be back in two hours. She Shanghai. She isnt here. She Shanghai. She is here. She Shanghai for two years,has gone to,have been to,Have,been to,has,been in,has gone to,has gone to,has been to,has been in,训练： (A)用already，yet或still填空。 1. The old man is _

18、 living. 2. He wears that old coat _. 3. I have not _ heard from him. 4. Have your parents come back _? 5. If he hasnt seen the film _ , I may give him a ticket. 6. I have not heard the story_. 7. He has _ turned on the light. 8. They are _ here,still,still,yet,yet,yet,yet,already,still,Revision for 现