英语句子成分教案

1、英语中的句子成分英语句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当.The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty year

2、s is a short time in history. （数词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 二、谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓

3、语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. He is asleep.三、表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，说

4、明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. （介词短语）His

5、hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. ” （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）， look（看起来）， feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝、吃起来）， remain（保持，仍是），feel（感觉） .It sounds a good

6、idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对中考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住. 三、宾语：1）动作的承受者动宾。一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词

7、宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记。 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. （名词化的形容词）I enjoy working with you.（动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾 Are you afraid of the snake

8、? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 双宾语间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）。如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思。 He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.4）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词

9、、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home. (介词短语）Dont let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

10、（带to不定式） Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词）Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）五、主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词，定语可由以

11、下成分表示。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词短语)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The tre

12、es planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 七、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词。状语可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.