英国君主政体-British-Monarchyppt课件

1、British Monarchy,Constitutional Monarchy君主立宪制: a monarchic government with the Queen as the head of the state,1,外国语学院李玲,英国资产阶级议会制君主立宪制,英国资产阶级议会制君主立宪政体 1英国的“不成文宪法” 英国是实行 “不成文宪法” 的国家。英国宪法主要由重要的历史文件和议会制定的法律构成。 最早可追溯至1215年的自由大宪章，其中以英国革命时期制定的法律居多。 如 权利请愿书（1628）、人身保护法（1679）、权利法案（1689）、王位继承法（1701）等。 （1）权利法

2、案 对国王权力作出明确限制，确保议会权力不受君权侵犯。 （2）王位继承法 第一，王位继承法 彻底杜绝了天主教徒和斯图亚特王朝重新复位的可能性。 第二，王位继承法 还进一步规定王位继承者必须是新教徒。 第三，王位继承法 对王权作出进一步限制。国王谕诏须经政府有关大臣副署才能生效；只要法官称职，国王非经议会同意不得将其免职；国王无权赦免受议会弹劾的大臣,2,外国语学院李玲,2英国国王的地位和权力 （1）英国国王成为“统而不治”的虚君。 国王在经济上的财政权、 政治上的谕诏权和军事上的招募军队权全被议会夺取或被议会瓜分，王权的权力基础发生根本性动摇，国王成为国家的象征。 （2）“君权神授” 思想被彻

3、底抛弃，“人民主权” 在实践中得到确立。 （3）英国国王还有形式上的权力： 第一，国王是英国议会的组成部分； 第二，议会通过的法律在形式上须经国王批准才能生效； 第三，接受首相的请求，解散议会重新选举,3,外国语学院李玲,Basic Structure of UK Central Government,4,外国语学院李玲,The central government,the Monarch,Parliament,the Cabinet,House of Lords (Lord Chancellor,House of Commons (Speaker,the monarch,King or Qu

4、een,Prime Minister and some important ministers,the symbol of the country,5,外国语学院李玲,1. The Monarch,Queen Elizabeth II,Real name: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor Birth: 21 April 1926 in London Children: 3 sons, 1 daughter,6,外国语学院李玲,Chief of the State - Queen Elizabeth II,7,外国语学院李玲,The Present Queen,

5、Elizabeth II, By The Grace Of God, Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland And Of Her Other Realms And Territories Queen, Head Of The Commonwealth, Defender Of The Faith,8,外国语学院李玲,Elizabeth II Elizabeth II became queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland i

6、n 1952 upon the death of her father, King George VI. Throughout her reign she has been a symbol of unity and continuity within the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations,9,外国语学院李玲,Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth IIBorn: April, 21 1926 - Accession: February 6, 1952,10,外国语学院李玲,The Crown,11,外国语学院李玲

7、,What powers does the Queen have? Superficially, she is : traditional and symbolic 1) official head of state, 2) head of the legal system of Britain, 3) head of the judiciary, 4) commander-in-chief of the armed forces, 5) head of the Church of England,12,外国语学院李玲,She appoints the Prime Minister, mini

8、sters, and important officials and officers. -She presides the great state functions -She gives many important honors and awards. -She concludes treaties and declares war. -She remits all or part of the sentence passed on a criminal by granting a royal pardon,13,外国语学院李玲,Succession 继位,1) Sons & desce

9、ndants (older to younger) 2) Daughters & descendants 3) Brothers & descendants,14,外国语学院李玲,Coronation加冕礼,It is a ceremony of crowning a king or a queen. A) Time: an interval after the death of the old king B) Place: Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特教堂 C) Formality: grand and pompous D)Conductor: the Archbishop

10、 of Canterbury 坎特伯雷大主教的使者 E) Participants: VIPs in Britain and foreign guests,15,外国语学院李玲,Westminster Abbey, the most famous church in UK,威斯敏斯特教堂,16,外国语学院李玲,Residence,Buckingham Palace in Westminster is the official London residence of the British sovereign,17,外国语学院李玲,The Buckingham Palace（白金汉宫） was

11、built as a house for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703. It has served as the official London residence of Britains sovereigns since 1837. Today it is the Queens official residence,18,外国语学院李玲,Buckingham Palace,19,外国语学院李玲,Buckingham Palace,20,外国语学院李玲,State Dining Room in Buckingham Palace,21,外国语学院李玲,Engl

12、ands Royal Center Windsor Castle, 32 kilometers (20 miles) west of London on the Thames, has been the residence of Englands royal family for 900 years. Built as a fortress in 1070 by William the Conqueror, the first Norman (French) king of England, Windsor Castle has been the site of several royal b

13、irths and marriages over the centuries. Nearby is Eton, the largest and best known of Englands private schools,22,外国语学院李玲,Windsor Castle 温莎城堡,23,外国语学院李玲,Windsor Castle,24,外国语学院李玲,Guards at Windsor Castle Windsor Castle, one of the most important royal residences in England, occupies 5 hectares (13 acres) on the north shore of the Thames, west of London,25,外国语学院李玲,Hampton Court Palace 汉普顿宫,26,外国语学院李玲,National Festival,The Queens birthday On the second Saturday in June “Trooping the color” around Buckingham Palace,27,外国语学院李玲,From Buckingham to Westminster,28,外国语学院李玲,