外研版Book3Module4GrammarPPT

1、Module 4,Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia,Grammar: Infinitive,不定式属于非限定动词。它除了不能做谓语外，在句中可以充当任何成分，可以作主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语,不定式的用法,1. 作主语: 往往放在谓语动词之后, 用it作形式主语, 为了避免句子头重脚轻。 e.g. To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking,2. 作宾语: 作宾语时如果还带有宾语补足语, 往往把不定式放在补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。 e.g. He wanted to go. I find it i

2、nteresting to study English,3. 做宾语补足语 e.g. He asked me to do the work with him. 在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中, 不定式不带to。 不定式作宾语补足语省略to的情况有下列口诀: 一感二听三让五看半帮助。 但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时, 就必须带上to,e.g. I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing

3、the song,4. 作定语 e.g. I have some books for you to read. 当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词, 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点, 工具等时, 不定式后面必须有相应的介词。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in,当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时, 不定式即可以用主动语态, 也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同,试比较: Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要(自己)寄吗? Have you anything to be sent? 你有

4、什么东西要(我或别人)寄吗,5. 作状语, 表示目的, 原因, 结果或条件。 e.g. I came here to see you. We were very excited to find nobody there. He hurried to the school to find nobody there. To look at him, you would like him,目的,原因,结果,条件,6. 作表语 e.g. My job is to help the patient. 注意: 主, 表都是不定式, 前者为条件, 后者为目的或结果。 e.g. To learn a lang

5、uage is to use it,不定式的时态有：一般式、进行时、完成式和完成进行式。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式就要用被动形式,不定式的时态和语态,1. 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生。 主动：e.g. Im glad to meet you. 被动：e.g. There was nothing to be done,2. 如果谓语表示的动作发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用进行时。 e.g. I am very glad to be working with you,3. 如果不定式的动作发生在

6、谓语动词之前, 就要用完成时。 主动：e.g. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 被动：e.g. The room was said to have been cleaned,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以 填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _. A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered,Have a try,2. I have a lo

7、t of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed 3. His first book _ next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published,4. With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by our

8、selves every day. A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing 5. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed,Im travelling during a sandstorm. Its dangerous. 2. Experts hope that they will learn more about the moveme

9、nt of thunderstorms,Rewrite the sentences using infinitive structures,It is dangerous to be traveling during a sandstorm,Experts hope to learn more about the movement of thunderstorms,3. We were told, “Dont leave the house.” 4. The men need to complete the work on the house by the end of the week,We

10、 were told not to leave the house,The work on the house needs to be completed (the work) by the end of the week,5. It seems that most houses have been destroyed by the storm,Most houses seem to have been destroyed by the storm,Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive forms. It is fright

11、ening _ (walk) in the road in a sandstorm. I hope I reach home soon. 2. Experts hope _ (learn) more about the movement of sandstorms,to walk,to learn,3. Id like _ (tell) about the situation before now. 4. The work needs _ (complete) by the end of the week. 5. My father was out of the city when the s

12、andstorm came. He was very glad _ (miss) it,to be told,to be completed,to have missed,6. The building has _ (finish) by the end of the year. 7. _ (see) a real sandstorm was very frightening,to be finished,To see,but后不定式的情况： cannot help but，cannot but，cannot choose but后的不定式通常不带to，常译为“不得不”。如: She is a

13、 strange girl, yet you cant help but like her. When the streets are full of melting snow, you cant but get your shoes wet,but+不定式的用法,We cant choose but admit that in some ways they are ahead of us. 当but前有实义动词do时，其后的不定式通常不带to，如: Their car broke down on the way. There was nothing to do but wait for he

14、lp. Now we can do nothing but try this method,除上述情况外，用于but之后的不定式通常都要带to ，如： Stuck in the heavy traffic, we had no choice but to wait,1. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit,Lets try some exercises,2. - How did you spend your wee

15、kend, Jone? - I didnt find anything interesting for me _ some washing instead of my mother. A. but did B. but do C. but doing D. but to do,3. The students did nothing except _ all day long. A. played B. playing C. play D. to play,1. I cant help but (think/ to think) that it was a mistake. 2. I cant

16、(chose /choose) but do it,Underline the correct answer,3. He does nothing but (complaining/ complain). 4. I cant help but (to love /love) her. 5. The workers do (nothing /not) but drink tea and talk to each other,根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. 我们只能尝试这种方法。 We _ this method. 2. 我们只有面对现实。 We _ the reality. 3. 这个女孩别无

17、选择只能等她妈妈回来。 The girl had _ till her mother came back,can do nothing but try,cant but face,no choice but to wait,综 合 练 习,用括号内所给动词或短语的适当形式填空。 1. Im sorry I cant attend your wedding, for I have an important meeting _ (attend). 2. The workers were made _ (work) over fourteen hours a day. 3. Your suit is a bit small on you. You seem _ (put on) weight,to attend,to work,to put on,4. Tom did nothing except _ (wait) before his parents came home. 5. Whats the matter with Tom? Oh, his cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _ (find) again. 6. She reached the top of the hill and s