施心远主编《听力教程》3_(第2版)Unit_8答案

1、UNIT 8Secti on One Tactics for Liste ningPart 1Spot Dictati onCorporate Social Responsibility (企业的社会责任)Once upon a time, all- or almost all- bus in esses were (1) greedy and rapacious, sparing a thought for their (2) workers or the environment only in order to (3) work out how to exploit them. Then

2、bosses found their (4) consciences guided (or sometimes forced) by (5) customers or critics from the (6) non -profit world. They discovered the idea that compa nies should not exist only to make a profit but to (7) serve society Thus corporate social resp on sibility (CSR) got its (8) start as a bus

3、 in ess fashion, and it is now hard to find a firm that has not (9) come up with an earnest (10) statementabout its relations with the wider world.CSR is closely linked with the principles of (11) Sustainable Development in propos ing that en terprises should (12Re obliged to make decisi ons based n

4、ot only on the financial factors but also on the social and environmental (13) consequencesof their activities. Issues like en vir onmen tal damage, improper treatme nt of workers and (14) faulty producti on lead ing to customers inconvenience or dan ger, (15) are highlighted in the media.Some inves

5、tors and investment fund managers have begun 的16) take account of a corporation policy in making (17) investment decisions Some consumers have become in creas in gly sen sitive to the CSR performa nee of the compa ni es 18) from which they buy their goods and services. These trends 19) have contribu

6、ted to the pressure on companies to （20） operate in an economically, socially and en vir onmen tally susta in able way.Part 2 Listening for GistSmall retailers across the Un ited States are faci ng the same challe nge: competition from shopping malls （大型购物中心）and chain stores（连锁店）.But, in dow ntow n

7、Dicks on, Tenn essee, a group ofetail mercha nts（零售商）have ban ded together （紧密团结起来）to win back （赢回）their customers who have beenattracted toshopping areas （商业圈）in the neighboring big city.Dicks on is a typical small America n city. It has quietreside ntial areas （居民区） and a nice little downtown that

8、 was once a thriving retail center. But according to David Hamilt on, preside nt of Dickso ns Chamber of Commerce （商会），highway con struct ion over the past several years cha nged that. Bei ng just 65 kilometers away from a big city like Nashville, Mr Hamilton says, presents another challenge to Dick

9、s ons dow ntow n shopp ing area. Because were so close to Nashville, and becauseso many people work in Nashville, whe n they think about shopp ing, they think of going to Nashville malls.But small bus in ess owners in dow ntow n Dicks on did nt give up. In stead, they decided to fight back. More tha

10、n 40 of them founded the Retail Merchants Associati on of Dow ntow n Dicks on. Members of the new associati on are committedto success; theypay monthly dues （月缴会费）and meet periodically to suggest and discuss creative ways of attracti ng more shoppers to dow ntow n. Mr. Williams says one idea is crea

11、ti ng eve nts modeled on the annual Christmas parade through the downtown area that attracts a large number of city residents. Freeefreshments （茶 点，小吃） and giveaways （免费样品）will be part of these regular events. Mr. Williams says the group is also planning to beautify the downtown area with plants and

12、 paint.Though it might seem hard to compete with big chain stores, small retailers have an adva ntage. They have a pers onal approach in serv ing customers. Chamber of Commerce preside nt David Hamilt on agrees. He says retailers in his city serve customers well, and customers in return, should supp

13、ort them by shopp ing in their stores.The dow ntow n area is the heart of a city. And members of Dicks ons new Retail Merchants Association are determined to work together to keep the heart beating - to revitalize （使。恢复生气） dow ntow n Dicks on so it is once aga in a busy, welcomi ng place for people

14、to come and shop.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and find its topic sentence.The topic sentence is In dow ntow n Dicks on Tenn essee a group of retail mercha nts have ban ded together to win back their customers who have bee n attracted to shopp ing areas in the n eighbori ng big city.Sect

15、ion Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueHaving Their Babies at Home- What about . um . the number of mothers who are now choosing to have their babies at home. Is that a, a growing number in Australia?- Its still a very very small proportion at the moment and therefore many, um, hospitals are

16、thinking of actually introducing birthing centers, birthing units. We have one at our hospital at the moment, where the, the unit is set up as a bedroom and a kitchen and the woman can actually walk around in comfort and just pretend its her own home.- So its like a home in the hospital?- Yeah, its

17、like a little maisonettein the hospital and, er, its so close by to the theatre and delivery suites （产房） that if anything should go wrong （出故障）and did gowrong they could be moved around quite quickly and safely.- Margaret, do you think its safe to have a baby at home?- There are risks involved, er,

18、I personally would prefer not to have my baby at home.I mean it would be well youre a midwife . I know it would be quite ideal but the risk of something going wrong and if I was to lose that baby I think that I would be quite devastated.- Arent there dangers in hospital because there are more people

19、 involved?- There are dangers in hospital, I mean you, you wouldnt want to know that there is aparticularly resista nt staphylococcal in fectio n（抗葡萄球菌感染）running around the hospital and, er, that would be quite a risk. In some countries its been proven that having the baby at home is as safe as havi

20、ng a baby in hospital.- Does it get a lot of encouragement having, er, a baby at home?- I dont think so, no, it doesnt. I think . um . doctors and . I think mainly doctors probably, I think they scare the women saying, well this might go wrongor that might go wrong at home so its better for you to c

21、ome into hospital.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and answer the following questions.1. Its like a little maisonette, a home in the hospital.2. Because its still a very small proportion of mothers who are now choosing to have their babies at home at the moment and the birthing unit is set

22、 up as a bedroom and a kitchen and the woman can actually walk around in comfort and just pretend its her own home.3. Because its so close by to the theatre and delivery suites that if anything should go wrong and did go wrong they could be moved around quite quickly and safely.4. Something may go w

23、rong during the delivery and that would be quite devastating.5. There could be a particularly resistant staphylococcal infection running around the hospital.Part2 PassageBridging Generations1. Seniors today are better educated, healthier, and more vivacious than at any time in our nations history.2.

24、 They are active, energetic, and willing and can meet many program needthsrough their volunteer efforts.3. Because they are living longer than ever before, seniors can anticipate up to 30 years of productive activity after retirement.4. When choosing where and how to volunteer, seniors should pick t

25、he type of activity that best suits their personal goals as well as the needs of the recipients.5. We want to help them embrace the world with their numerous gifts and talents, instead of the world embracing them with handcuffs and incarceration.Mention the word retirement, and youll likely invoke a

26、 range of reactions. Some think of retirement as a rite of passage (人生大事),others as a time to relax. The cynical * may view it as a point beyond which one can no longer contribute to society. This is far from the truth! Seniors today are better educated, healthier, and more vivacious than at any tim

27、e in our nations history. They are active, energetic, and willing and can meet many program needs through their volunteer efforts. Seniors are a valuable resource with many gifts to offer - among them, experience, patience, skills, time, and wealth - that are unique to them.The senior population, an

28、d its proportion relative to the rest of the population, is increasing rapidly. The Corporation for National and Community Service (CNS) estimates that, in 2000, some 35 million people aged 65 or older were living in theUnited States, accounting for 13% of the total population. The aging baby boom g

29、eneration is expected to double the senior population over the next 30 years. And because they are living longer than ever before, seniors can anticipate* up to30 years of productive activity after retirement.Seniors share their gifts and life experiences to address issues in school systems, public

30、safety, the environment, and other human needs.Many seniors do not volunteer through formal programs. Some are one-time volunteers; others volunteer for a seasonal or special event. When choosing where and how to volunteer, seniors should pick the type of activity that best suits their personal goal

31、s as well as the needs of the recipients. Most importantly, be creative, selective, and have fun -like the volunteers featured here.Like many Americans, Eloise Bowers and Joan Gross recognized the need for additional support for juveniles as they develop and mature into adults. Theseseniors, however

32、, decided to give back to their community and develop positive relationships with juveniles through FGP.The grandmas, now in their second year with the program, have helped more than50 of the most at-risk youth in the District of Columbia turn their lives around. It is our job to help youth link wit

33、h their peers and the community, as well as help their community and their peers link with them, they stress. For the link to be strong, it must be mutual.Some youth in the program have children of their own and need child-rearing tips. Others use inappropriate language and need to expand their voca

34、bulary. Many respond with violence and need avenues to vent* anger, whereas others dress in appropriately and n eed fashi on tips （时尚锦囊，小贴士） . We are committed to helping these youth help themselves, Bowers explains. We want to help them embrace the world with their numerous gifts and talents, inste

35、ad of the world embracing them with handcuffs and incarceration.Bowers and Gross say their goals as foster grandparents are to serve as role models; make appropriate referrals for resources; teach respect with language and dress; share ways to manage anger, conflict, and anxiety; support successful

36、transitions to mainstream schools, job training, and employment; and provide sincere love and understanding.A：Pre-listening QuestionGovernmental provision for social security is slow to develop in the US, though there are now some elements of a comprehensive system, with some serious gaps, as well a

37、s variations between the states.For both old age and illness, provision is now partly private, partly public. Most Americans when at work make some provision for their retirement, through savings, investment and insurance policies, company or union pension funds. Federal government social security p

38、rovides pensions for retired people, and also unemployment benefit for six months, based on compulsory contributions by people at work. The rate of the pension gives an income above the official poverty line, and sufficient for minimal comfort, but only about a quarter of median earnings fromemploym

39、ent. It is not related to a persons income from private pensions or other sources.B： Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.C： Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each

40、of the following sentences.1. C 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.D 8. DD： After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1. Bowers and Gross say their goals as foster grandparents are to serve as role models; make appropriate referrals for resources; teach

41、 respect with language and dress; share ways to manage anger, conflict, and anxiety; support successful transitions to mainstream schools, job training, and employment; and provide sincere love and understanding.It is our job to help youth link with their peers and the community, as well as help the

42、ir community and their peers link with them. We want to help them embrace the world with their numerous gifts and talents, instead of the world embracing them withhandcuffs and incarceration. 2. (Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1A research team led by Dr. Carle Pieters of Brown University announced

43、 the results at a NASA news conference on Thursday.Using data from an American instrument flying on Indian satellite - and confirming data from two other spacecraft - they found water pretty much all over the moon, though more toward the poles and concentrated at the lunar surface.Carle Pieters spok

44、e of water, as did the other scientists, and certainly the news reports have headlined water found on the moon. But another member of the research team, Jack Mustard, also of Brown, said its unclear whether theyre seeing water - a molecule with two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen - H20 - or hydr

45、oxyl, a chemical with only one hydrogen atom - OH.That data comes not from examining the rocks on the moon directly, but from analyzing spectrographs of the light reflected from the moon. Different chemicals have different spectrographic signatures, but those of water and hydroxyl are very similar.F

46、inding water, if thats what it is, probably wont be of much use to any future human visitors to the Moon. But it may be an additional clue as scientists try to work out how the moon and the planets were formed.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This n ews item is about t

47、hewater discovery on the moon.B. Directions: listen to the news item again and complete the following chart.Announ ceme nts from NASA News Con fere neeFindingsWater pretty much over the moon, though more toward the poles, and concen trated at the lunar surface.SourceData from an American instrument

48、flying on an confirming data from two other spacecrafts.Indian satellite, andCon troversyIt unclear whetherthey seeing water or hydroxyl.Reas ons for differe nt opinionsThat data comes not from examining the rocks on the moon directly, but from analyzing spectrographs of the light reflected from the

49、 moon. Different chemicals have differe nt spectrographic sig natures, but those of water and hydroxyl are very similar.News Item 2First Spacema n from AfricaThe Soyuz rocket lifted off on schedule Thursday morning from launch pad number one at Russias Baikonur base in Kazakhstan. Aboard was the shi

50、ps comma nder, vetera n cosm on aut Yuri Gidze nko, Italia n Air Force pilot Roberto Vittori and South Africa n In ternet en trepre neur* Mark Shuttleworth. The 28-year-old multimillio naire had trained for eight mon ths and spe nt a reported $20 millio n to fulfill his childhood dream of going into

51、 space. Family members who had flown to Kazakhsta n for the occasi on watched the liftoff reportedly with big smiles and tears of joy.The Soyuz will fly to the International Space Station, where it is expected to dock on Saturday. The crews main mission is to deliver a new Soyuz capsule to be kept a

52、t the space station for use as an escape vehicle if needed. Mark Shuttleworth is also to con duct experime nts on how ani mal stem cells react in zero gravity.The space tourists trip has bee n warmly welcomed in South Africa, where his adventure has received blanket media coverage. He is the first A

53、frican to go into space and has bee n dubbed the Afron aut by many back home, in cludi ng Nels on Man dela.Russia initiated the space tourism idea, seeing it as a way to bring badly needed cash into its ailing space program.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This

54、news item is about the first spaceman from Africa and his adventure with astr on auts.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.The Soyuz rocket lifted off on scheduleat Russias Baik onur base in Kazakhsta n.Aboard was the ships commander an Italian Air Force

55、pilot and South African In ternet en trepre neur Mark Shuttleworth. The 28-year-old multimillio naire had trained for eight mon ths and spe nt a reported $20 milli on to fulfill his childhood dream of going into space. Members of his family watched the launch withbig smiles and tears of joy.The Soyu

56、z will fly to the International Space Station, where it is expected to dock on Saturday. The crews main missio n is to deliver a new Soyuz capsule for use as an escape vehicleif n eeded. Mark Shuttleworth is also to con duct experime nts on how animal stem cellsreact in zerogravity. He is the first

57、African to go into space and has been dubbed the Afronaut by many back home.News Item 340 years after man Ian ded on the moon, and 39 years after Lovell retur ned to Earth, NASA plans to retire the Space Shuttle in 2010. It is the only vehicle NASA has to carry astr on auts into space. At the Marsha

58、ll Space Flight Cen ter in Hun tsville, Alabama in late July, NASA held meeti ngs with an in depe ndent review pan（独立评 审委员会）commissi oned by Preside nt Barack Obama to evaluate the future ofmanned space flight （载人航天飞行）.Part of the meeti ng focused on the n ext gen erati on spacecraft that would replace the Space Shuttle Orbiter （航天飞机轨道器）.NASA is developing the Constellation program （星座计划）,a beefed-up Apollo-like initiative. It uses a rocket, called Ares, to put a single-use spacecraft, called the Orion, into orbit, and eventually back to the moon.Another option favored by the presidentia