专题10动词的被动语态Word版

1、传播优秀Word版文档 ，希望对您有帮助，可双击去除！专题十 动词的被动语态网络知识清单 主动语态 被动语态动词的语态 主动形式表被动意义 被动形式表主动意义常考点清单一 被动语态的构成及用法1、 被动语态的构成1. 被动语态的基本结构为：be + 动词的过去分词2. 各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）：时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are + doneWe clean the classroom.The classroom is cleaned by us.一般过去时didwas/were + doneHe made the

2、kite.The kite was made by him.现在进行时am/is/are + doingam/is/are +being doneShe is watering flowers.Flowers are being watered by her.现在完成时have/has + donehave/has + been doneJim has finished the work.The work has been finished by Jim.一般将来时will/shall/be going to + dowill/shall/be going to +be doneThey wi

3、ll plant trees tomorrow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.过去进行时was/were + doingwas/were + being doneShe was writing a letter this time yesterday.A letter was being written by her this time yesterday.过去完成时had + donehad + been doneJim had finished the work.The work had been finished by Jim.过去将来时w

4、ould/should/be going to + dowould/should/be going to + be doneHe said he would make a kite.He said a kite would be made by him.含有情态动词can/may/must + docan/may/must + be doneI can find him.He can be found by me.2、 被动语态的用法在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：This watch is made in China.2. 没有必要指

5、出动作的执行者是谁。如：More trees must be planted every year.3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4. 句子的主语不是人。如：Many houses were washed away by the flood.常考点清单二 主动鱼台和被动语态的转换一、主动语态变为被动语态1. 要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语时人称代词，要将宾语变成主语。2. 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。3. 谓

6、语动词变成相应的被动形式。主语语态：动作执行者 + 谓语动词主动形式 + 动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者 + 谓语动词被动形式 + 动作执行者如：We asked him to sing an English song. (变为被动语态)He was asked to sing an English song by us.二、带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化为主语，也可以将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如：She gave me a book.

7、（变为被动语态）I was given a book by her. （间接宾语me改为了主语）A book was given to me by her. （直接宾语a book改为了主语）三、动词短语变为被动语态许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如：We should speak to old men politely. （变为被动语态）Old men should be spoken to politely. （to不可省略）四、带复合宾语的动词变为

8、被动语态宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。如：I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. （变为被动语态）Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.五、变被动语态后动词形式的选择主动句中在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，及使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。如：He makes the girl stay at home.

9、(变为被动语态)The girl is made to stay at home by him.易混点清单一、主动结构表被动意义1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。This kind of shirt sells well here. 这种样式的衬衫在这卖得很好。2. look, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意

10、义。如：Uniforms look ugly on us. 我们穿着制服很难看。Moon cakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很好吃。3. be worth doing用主动表被动意义。如：This book is worth reading. 这本书值得读一读。4. “want/need/require + doing”相当于“want/need/require + to be done”。to be done表示不定式的被动结构。如：My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。二、不

11、用被动语态的情况1. 主动句的宾语时each other或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。如：The man introduced himself as Mr. White. (主动语态)那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。Himself was introduced as Mr. White.（误）They help each other study English.（主动语态）他们互相帮助学习英语。Each other is helped study English. （误）2. 当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。如：Well have a meeting. （主动语态）我

12、们将要开一个会。A meeting will be had by us. （误）3. 主动句的宾语时不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态中的主语。如：My brother enjoys watching TV. (主动语态)我弟弟喜欢看电视。Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother. （误）He asked to have a try. （主动语态）他请求试一试。To have a try was asked. （误）三、被动语态和系表结构的区别1. 被动语态表示以主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如：The shop is closed at 9:00 p.m. （动作）这家商店晚上9点钟关门。The shop is closed today. 这家商店今天不开门。2. 系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构中则没有。如：Miss Wang is satisfied with us. (系表结构)王老师对我们很满意。3. 系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如：Shes so worried about her exams. （系表结构）她非常担心她的考试。4. 系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态结构则可用