高中英语语法大全

1、.高中英语语法大全一、词类和句子成分1、词类：英语词类十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：3、形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如： 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如： 5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如： 6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：7、冠词(art.)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如： 8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如9、连词(c

2、onj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如10、感叹词(interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。主格Iyou hesheitweyouthey 宾格meyou himheritusyouthem 物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir 名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾

3、语补足语的动作与宾语有关。是一种表示反射或强调的代词。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数男女物体myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves 2、句子成分： 8种：主谓宾、定状补、表语和同位语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：Im Sarah.2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room everyday.3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语身份或特征。通常由名

4、词、代词或形容词担任。如：She is beautiful.4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。如：He wrote me a letter.5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词担任。如：Shanghai is a big city.6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,说明时间，地点、原因，状态等通常由副词或介词短语担任。如：He is standing in the classroom. 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干

5、什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Ma Yun, a great businessman, created Taobao Company.二、简单句1、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。简单句五大句型1） 主谓：-I sleep. -In youth, we learn.2）主谓宾：-I love books.3）主谓+双宾：- Mary give me an apple.-直接宾语是指与谓语动词直接发生联系的名词

6、 通常是物-间接宾语是动作所指向的方向 通常是人 give sb sth (sb是间宾 sth是直宾)=give sth to sb cook sb sth (sb是间宾 sth是直宾)=cook sth for sb4) 主+谓+宾+宾补-I found the book easy.-He makes me cry.宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。能够充当宾补的：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介词短语。I help him to learn.I saw Mar

7、y singing.I find the book difficult. He left it on the desk.I saw the kite up and down.判断是宾补还是双宾：宾语位置第一部分和第二部分是否有逻辑上的主谓关系。三、句子成分判断：My brother hasnt done his homework.People speak English.They call him Mike.What is your given name?You will find it useful after you leave school.The old man was dead.找出

8、定语 What is your given name?找出宾补She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?找出状语There was a big smile on her face.

9、I come to the school because of that reason.找出直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?四、并列复合句1、基本概念：并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接

10、词,只在两个简单句之间用分号连接。2、常见并列连词：(1) 并列概念：and, not onlybut also, neithernor(2) 选择概念：or, otherwise, or else, eitheror(3) 转折概念：but, yet, while.(4) 因果概念： for, so, because.五、主从复合句概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。1）形容词性从句：定语从句。2）名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、状语从句。定语从句She is a beautiful girl.She is a girl who is beautiful.找出先行

11、词，关系词，以及关系词充当从句的什么成分。She was the teacher that taught us English.This is the boy that we looked for yesterday.Do you see the building that is near the bank?All my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.The book which has a lot of pictures is Toms.The book which I lost yesterday is Toms.I didnt

12、know anything about the man who wrote this.The girl who you like is Mary.The girl whom you like is Mary.I know the man whose bike is blue.I come to the room whose window is blue.I dont know the time when they come.I dont know the reason why they come.I dont know the school where they live.关系代词：关系副词：

13、从句完整时，用_。从句不完整时，用_。关系代词先行词句子成分whowhomthatwhichwhose关系副词先行词句子成分whenwherewhy关系词填空The team players _ are wearing green have won the game.This is the teacher _ taught me Chemistry in 2016.Mary is a girl _ everybody likes.The hospital _ was built five years ago was the biggest in the city.This is the boy

14、 _ dog is very cute.I cannot remember my childhood _ my mother was still young.She doesnt know the reason _ people hate her.This is the place _ a lot of people live.考纲重点： 从句中谓语动词单复数要和先行词保持一致。 从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略。 关系代词指物时，只能用that的情况。 关系代词指物，只能用which的情况 关系代词指人，只用who的情况 非限制性定语从句 练习：课课练P16名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语

15、从句、同位语从句、状语从句引导词从句为陈述意义that从句为一般疑问意义whether/if 从句为特殊疑问意义who/whom what which whose when where why 主语从句：1. 主从为陈述句，连接词为that他昨天没来是对的。_2. 主从为一般疑问句，连接词为whether是否他会来还不清楚。_3. 主从为特殊疑问句，结构为原疑问词+陈述句式他说的不是真的。_表语从句：1.为陈述，连接词为that 答案是我们没有足够的钱。_2.表”是否”，连接词为whether 问题是是否我应该相信他。3. 为特殊疑问句，结构为疑问词+陈述句式 问题是我们应什么时候出发。_Be

16、cause也可引导表从 It is/was because +原因. 宾语从句：1.为陈述句，连接词为that（可省）动物们知道冬天就要来了。_2.为一般疑问句，连接词为whether/if他们想知道是否这是对的。_3.为特殊疑问句，结构为疑问词+陈述句式警察询问谁到这个房间来了。_宾从只用whether不用if的情况1)和or not连用时2)从句是介词的宾语时3) 从句和不定式连用时难点：形式主语和形式宾语的阅读同位语从句：对前面的名词的内容起解释说明，从句是完整句，去掉从句对整句结构无影响。1.为陈述，连接词为that他给出了命令，（内容是）我们必须注意安全(safety)。_有许多报道

17、，（内容是）现今人们越来越有创造力了。_2.表“是否”，连接词为 whether我们会讨论这个问题，（内容是）是否运动会会举办。_3.表疑问，结构为疑问词+陈述句式我不知道他什么时候回来。_我不知道他为什么拒绝了我。_同从常在这类可有具体内容的名词后answer, idea, belief, truth, problem, news, fact, hope, wish, promise, evidence, report, information, explanation, suggestion, conclusion英语16个时态一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般do现在完成have done

18、现在进行is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般did过去完成had done过去进行was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般will do将来完成will have done将来进行will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般would do过去将来完成would have done过去将来进行would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing一翻译Mary住在欧洲。_小时候他经常去河里游泳。_他忘记了时间。_你明天会来吗？_他告诉了我

19、同学们会在那个夏天参观长城的。_我已经告诉她那件事了。_昨天当我到教室的时候，已经开始上课了。_至上个月，她已经学了2000个英语单词了。_到下个月底她就在这里住了3个月了。_她一直笑了10分钟了。_在他来之前她一直笑了10分钟了。_她一直住在伦敦三年了。_我正在看电视。_他来的时候我正在吃饭。_明天这个时候他会在写作业。_玛丽那时候想明天这个时候他会在写作业。_二、用过去时、完成时或完成进行时填空1.Youknow,I_(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstchance.2.Mysister_(stay)inBeijingforthreemo

20、nthslastyear.3.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe_(play)inthemud（泥）allthemorning.4.I_(wonder)ifyouwerefreethisafternoon.5.Hereheis!We_(wait)anxiouslyforhimsincelastnight三、选择题1. _ my glasses?Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you see C. Would you see D. Have you seen2. I w

21、onder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written3. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other many times before that.A. had been; has seen B. have b

22、een; have seenC. had been; had seenD. have been; had seen4. How long _ David and Vicky _ married?For about four years.A. were; being B. have; got C. have; been D. did; get5. How can you miss the news? It _ on TV all day long.A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be6. When Mary came to the house, Li

23、ly _ TV.A. was watching B. watches C. would watch D. had watched9. The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had10. My brother is an actor. He _in several film so far.A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing14.

24、This machine _. What should I do?A. didnt work B. wasnt working C. doesnt work D. isnt working15. My friend, who _ in that restaurant all his life, will retire next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served16. I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision t

25、o move back to China.A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived17. We _ our new neighbors yet, so we dont know their names.A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D. hadnt met18. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked19.

26、 We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.A. is B. are C. has been D. have been20. _ you _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there.A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show21.ImsureAndrewwillwinthefirst

27、prizeinthefinal.Ithinkso.He_foritformonths.A.ispreparing B.waspreparing C.hadbeenpreparing D.hasbeenpreparing22.Bythetimeherealizeshe_intoatrap（陷阱）,itllbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit. A.walksB.walkedC.haswalkedD.hadwalked23.Danny_hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.works B.isworking

28、C.hasworked D.hadworked24.Ihavegotaheadache.Nowonder.You_infrontofthatcomputertoolong. A.work B.areworking C.havebeenworkingD.worked25.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.A.hasfallen B.hadfallenC.isfallingD.wasfalling26.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy_goingbacktoschool，butshehasn

29、tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsidering C.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider27._you_himaroundthemuseumyet?Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.Have;shown B.Do;show C.Had;shownD.Did;show28.Hi,Tracy, youlookpale. Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted29.Have you l

30、earned something unexplained before? Yes, I_a research on an unexplained fact 6 years ago in my hometown.A. makeB. madeC. have been makingD. have made30. Mr. White works as a lawyer（律师） now, but he _as an actor for several years. A. workedB. has workedC. had workedD. had been worked31. Now that you_

31、a famous mountain climber, what are you going to do?A. have beenB. areC. wereD. had been32. I am almost tired out. So you are. You_on the documents(文件) all day. A. are workingB. have workedC. were workingD. have been working5. I_here three days ago. What_these days?A. got; did you do B. have got; ha

32、ve you doneC. had got; will you do D. got; have you been doing6. Im sorry to keep you waiting. Oh, not at all. I_here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had beenC. wasD. will be7. You dont need to describe her. I_her several times. A. had metB. have metC. metD. have been meeting8. I came to Canada

33、last autumn. What about you, Jim? I_here for about half a year, and I miss my family very much. A. comeB. cameC. have come D. have been9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1934)_the world leading inventor for about sixty years. A. would beB. has beenC. wasD. had been10. _the sport meet

34、ing might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive toldC. Im toldD. I told11. What bad luck that we_the football match in the last 3 minutes. Especially when we_so hard in the past years. A. had lost; trained B. were losing; had rained C. have lost; have trained D. lost

35、; have been training12. Hi, Mary. Its nice hearing from you. I_coming to visit you but too much work prevents me from doing so. A. had thought of B. thought ofC. have been thinking of D. have thought of13. Miss Jones_music at Eton School for ten years. No wonder I often hear her singing in her garde

36、n. A. teachesB. used to teachC. is teachingD. has been teaching14. I think the waitress must have forgotten us. we_here for over half an hour and nobody_our order yet. I suppose you are right.A. have been waiting; has takenB. have been waiting; tookC. have been waited; has takenD. have waited; took1

37、5. The students dont want to have their supper until they_their experiment. A. finished B. have finishedC. had finishedD. will finish16. I play ping-pong quite well, but I_time to play since the new year. A. havent B. dont have C. havent hadD. dont have had17. By now students in Grade One_1,700 Engl

38、ish words and phrases. A. should learnB. have learned C. learned D. learn18. I_my history this time yesterday. Now I_all my work for today. A. reviewed; had done B. was reviewing; had done C. was reviewing; have done D. reviewed; have done19. I_unexplained things recently and I even_some writing. A.

39、 have been researching; have started B. have researched; had started C. have been researching; have been startingD. have been researched; have started20. Where have you been? I_you the whole day. I was in the library reading magazines. A. have been telephoningB. had telephoned C. telephoned D. was telephoned21. Shirley_a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. has writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. was writing22. I dont really work here. I_until the new secret