16届阅读专题：应用文

1、2016年高考英语阅读理解文章体裁：应用文记叙文说明文和议论文阅读理解的四种题型细节题推理判断题主旨大意题词义题第一章：应用文应用文主要包括广告和通知，这类文章特点是信息量大，但信息点零散。这种体裁主要考查学生的定位信息水平，其次考查理解力。在浩瀚的信息中快速而准确地找到我们所需要的信息是一项基本的阅读水平，这是在读中文的时候绝大部分同学已经具备了的。比如，我给你一份报纸，说其中有个关于某歌手最近要开演唱会的信息，让你帮我找出来。你肯定能够很快完成这个任务，你会在报纸中寻找这个歌手的名字，然后找到相关新闻。在英语阅读的过程中道理是一样的，仅仅对英语的陌生感让我们定位有压力而已。没关系，让我们先

2、来把方法理清楚。我们在定位某个信息时，首先要在题干中选好定位词，选择定位词的依据是这个词最好不会被改写(同义词替换)，题干中有，到了文章中还要有。那么什么词适合当定位词呢？1. 我们优选名词来定位。我们在题干中最常遇到的词应该是三类：名词；动词；形容词。我们应该选择名词来定位，因为这三类词中，名词最不容易被改写，尤其是专有名词（包括人名，地名和机构名）。2. 有些题干中会有数字出现，数字也不容易改写，而且我们对数字会比较敏感。如果有数字，当然也能够选其定位。3. 如果没有以上两者，请注意一定要坚定一个概念：定位是一定要做的。如果题干中有动词、形容词或副词，这些词也是能够利用的，但是要知道文中它

3、们很有可能被改写，所以用得话要把这些词翻译成中文，用中文概念去定位。4. 题干中如果真的没有定位词能够用我们管这种题叫分散定位题，比如题干问“根据文章下面哪个选项准确？”。那我们就只能去看选项，在选项中找定位词。找到定位词以后，我们就回文章寻找，找到这个定位词，其附近一般就是考点信息。然后我们结合这些信息来一一比对和分析选项，再排除错误答案，锁定准确答案。应用文的语言难度不大，属于高考阅读中最简单的一种考法。如果遇到这种文章，一定要争取做到全对。下面我们以2006年全国卷B篇为例，来做一篇应用文的练习：May ： Happenings from the PastMay 5 , 1884Isaa

4、c Murphy , son of a slave and perhaps the greatest horse rider in American history, rides Buchanan to win his first Kentucky Derby. He becomes the first rider ever to win the race three times.May 9 , 1754Benjamin Franklins Pennsylvania Gazette produces perhaps the first American political cartoon(漫画

5、), showing a snake cut in pieces , with the words Join or Die printed under the picture.May 11 , 1934The firstgreatdust storm of the Great Plains Dust Bowl, the result of years of drought (干旱) , blows topsoil all the way to New York City and Washington , D. C.May 19, 1994Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kenne

6、dy Onassis, former first lady and one of themostfamous people of the 1960s, died of cancer inNew York Cityat the age of 64.May 24, 1844Samuel F. B. Morse taps (轻敲) out the first message, What hath God wrought, over the experimental long-distance telegraph line which runs from Washington, D. C, toBal

7、timore,Md.45. We knowfromthe text that Buchanan is _.A. Isaacs fatherB. a winning horseC. a slave taking care of horsesD. the first racing horse in Kentucky46. What is the title of the first American political cartoon?A. Join or DieB. Pennsylvania GazetteC. What Hath God WroughtD.KentuckyDerby47. In

8、 which year did the former first lady Jacquelinedie?A. 1934 B. 1960 C. 1964 D. 199448. Which of the following places has to do with (与.有关)the first telegram inhistory?A. Washington, D. C.B.New YorkCityC.KentuckyD. Pennsylvania45.答案：B. 正确选项解析： 用题干（加粗部分）中Buchanan回文章定位，找到：Isaac Murphy , son of a slave

9、and perhaps the greatest horse rider in American history, rides Buchanan to win his first Kentucky Derby. 既然是骑着Buchanan去赢比赛，可知Buchanan应该是一匹马，对应B答案正确。错误选项分析：此题理解文章清楚后可直接选出答案。46.答案：A 正确选项解析：用题干中political cartoon进行定位，找到：Benjamin Franklins Pennsylvania Gazette produces perhaps the first American politic

10、al cartoon(漫画), showing a snake cut in pieces , with the words Join or Die printed under the picture.可知，这幅漫画的标题应该就是 Join or Die.错误选项分析： 从文章可以看出是Benjamin Franklins Pennsylvania Gazette出版创作了这幅漫画，故不应该是漫画的标题。Benjamin Franklin本杰明富兰克林，Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州（美国州名）C和D选项跟漫画没关系，好排除。47.答案：D 正确选项解析：用人名Jacqueline进行定

11、位，找到后对应的时间是1994，故D选项正确。错误选项分析：A选项没有来源，排除。B选项，60年代是指此人出名的年代。C选项是利用她64岁去世构造出来的干扰选项。48.答案：A正确选项解析：用telegram进行定位，找到：long-distance telegraph line which runs from Washington, D. C, toBaltimore,Md.错误选项分析：此题定位准确应直接选出答案。Passage 1: （2011年全国卷）Wanted, Someone for a KissWere looking for producers to join us in t

12、he second of London 100FM. Youll work on the stations music programmes. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply(申请) in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss100.Father ChristmasWere looking for a very special person preferably ove

13、r 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit.Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December17 to December24 except Sunday, 10:3016:00Excellent pay.Please contact(联系)the Enterprise Shopping Center, Station Parade, Eastbourne.Accountants Assistant When you join the

14、m in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver of for somebody w

15、ho has office experience.Wealden District CouncilSoftware Trainer If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make our decision

16、, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of 15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV (简历) to Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.72. Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?A. Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100. B. Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmla

17、ce Limited. C. The Enterprise Shopping Centre D. Wealden District Council.73. We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who _.A. is aged between 24 and 40 B. may do some training work C. should deal with general duties D. can work for about a month74. Which position is

18、 open to recent school graduates?A. Producer,London Kiss.B.Father Christmas.C. Accountants AssistantD.Software Trainer75. What kind of person would probably apply to Palmace Limited?A.One with GCSE grade C level.B. One with some office experience.C. One having good computer knowledgeD. One trained i

19、n producing music programmes.Passage 2: (2010年全国卷2 )Coolest Hotels in the WorldArtau Aragon TowersThe Ariau Amazon Towers hotel lets you sleep in a tree house. Eight towers make up this hotel that offers over 300 rooms. If you really want to get into the spirit, book the Tarzan Suite which is large

20、enough for a big family. Youll be thirty feet up in the air and can travel between the towers through their wooden walkways.Prices: starting at $300 one night for each person for a regular room and going all the way up to $3000 for the Tarzan Suite.For more information, visit the website: http:/www.

21、The Ice HotelEvery winter in Jukkasjarvi, Sweden, a special kind of hotel called the lce Hotel is built. Each year, world-famous artists are invited to design and produce works of art from the ice, many of which can be found in the rooms. Youll have your choice between hot or cold roo

22、ms but you will be well advised to stay at least one night in a cold room for a true experience.Prices: starting at $318 one night for each person for either a cold room or a warm one. For more information, visit the website: Propeller IslandPropeller Island City Lodge is a ver

23、y special hotel that was designed by a German artist. Each room provides you with the possibility of living in a work of art. Every single piece of furniture in the thirty rooms of the hotel has been hand-made and each room is completely different. Youll be able to choose a room based on your own personal tastes.Prices: starting at just $91 a night, and an additional (另外) person for only 20 extra dollars. For more information, visit the website: For inform