语学案：Module5《GreatpeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina》Period4Grammar(外研版必修3

1、Period 4 Grammar学习目标： 掌握单元语法：定语从句 利用例句归纳出语法规则 学习重点： 掌握单元语法：定语从句 学习难点： 利用例句归纳出语法规则 课前预习 使用说明与学法指导：1. 利用例句归纳出语法规则2. 15 分钟之内完成 预习自测： 用正确的关系词填空Thosewant to got to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Mr Liu is the person you talked about on the bus.Football is a game is liked by

2、most boys.4. I visited a scientist name is known all over the country.我的疑问：课内探究质疑探究：I. 定义： 用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。II. 引导定语从句的词有：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as;关系副词 when, where, how, why 等。关系代词或关系副词有双重作用：一方面起连词作用，连接从句使之与主句发生关系，另一 方面它在从句中起一定的句法作用（关系代词可作主语和宾语；关系副词可作状语）III. 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词叫先行

3、词，定语从句放在其后。定语从句 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1、关系代词引导的定语从句（1）who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。（ 2） whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Li Ming is just the boy （whom） I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。The man （whom/who）you met just now is

4、my old friend.（3） which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公民离这儿很远。The film （which） they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。中作主语介词+（ 4） that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom; 指物时，相当于 which 。在定语从句 或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of peop

5、le that/who visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。（ 5） whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I live the house whose door faces south 我住在门朝南的那座房子 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door/, the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.2、“介词 +关系代词 ”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由 关系代词

6、”引出。The school （which/that） he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.注意：look for, look after, take（1）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。 care of 等。This is the watch （which/that） I am looking for. （正）这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I am looking. （ 误 ）（ 2）若介词

7、放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom ，不可用 who, that; 关系代词指物时只可用 which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. （正） 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. （ 误 ）（ 3） “介词 +关系代词 ”前还可有 some, any, none, all , both, neither, many, most , each, fe

8、w 等代 词或者数词。He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。3、关系副词引导的定语从句（1）when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。（2）where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住

9、的房子已经被拆掉了。（3）why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词 +关系代词 ”引导的定语从句来表示。 From the years when/in which he was going to primary school in the country he had knownwhat he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时， 他就已经知道长大后要做什么。 Great cha

10、nges are taking place in the city where /in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why /for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。4、限制性定主语从句和非限制性定语从句注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义： Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。 (意含：她还有其

11、他哥哥。 ) Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 她哥哥是当兵的，他总鼓励她上大学。 (意含：她只有一个哥哥。 ) All the books that have pictures in them are well written. 所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。 (意含：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。 ) All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written. 所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。 (意含：没有不带

12、插图的书。 )5、限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况(1) 当先行词是 everything, anything, nothing(something除外),all, none, few, little, some 等代词时，或当先行词受 every, any, all , some, no, little, few, much 等代词修饰时。Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？( 2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Lond

13、on was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。( 3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。( 4)当先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.

14、王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。( 5)当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that first me most? 哪件 T 恤衫最合我的身？( 6)当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school? 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。 Look at the man and his donkey

15、 that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。6、关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：( 1 ) as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。He married her, as /which was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。( 2)as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，As is known to all, China is a devel

16、oping country. 注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。( 3)当行行词受 such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用 as。I ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。 注意：当先行词受 the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句，但与 as 引导的定语从主句之后， 甚至还可以分割主

17、句。 Which as 常常有 “正如、正像 ”的含义。 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。which.句意思有区别。She wore the same dress that she wore atMary wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。7、 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。The way （that/i n which）he an swered the questi ons was sur prising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。8、关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词

18、在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成 分）。试比较：I known a p lace where we can have a picnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。（引导词作地点状语）I know a p lace which /that is famous for its beautiful n atural seen ery.“我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。（引导词作主语）I will n ever forget the days whe n we spent our holidays together.、我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。（引导词作状语）This is the r

19、eason why he was dismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。* （引导词作原因状语）、This is the reason that/ which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。（引导词作exp la in的宾语）9. where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别where可以同时引导定语从句和状语从句，都在从句中作状语，且表地点。但在定语从句中，where相当于 介词+which ”且有引导定语从句、表示地点的先行词； 在状语从句中，where不等于 介词+whic

20、h ”且从句前没有表示地点的名词。例如：She would like to live in a country where it n ever sno ws.She found her key where she lost it.课后训练从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。is always busy at the weeke nd. D. whichC. what1. You can find whatever you n eed at the shopping cen ter, A. thatB. where2. I have many frien ds,A. of th

21、em B. from which3. Last mon th, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from still sufferi ng.A. that B. whosesome are bus in essme n.C. who of D. of whomeffects the people arethose D. what4. If a shop has chairs sho p.A. thatB. which5. I walked in our garde n,A. which6. The p lacethe heaviest.

22、A. which; whereC. at which; wherewomen can park their men, women will spend more time in theC. when D. whereTom and Jim were tyi ng a big sig n on to one of the trees.C. whereD. thatB. whe nthe bridge is supp osed to be built should bethe cross-river traffic is7. Jim p assed the driv ing test,B. at

23、which; whichD. which; in whichsurp rised everybody in the office.8.A. which B. thatC. thisD. itI explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. When B. After C. AsD. Since9. Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the oneyou know I sued to work for yea

24、r.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what10. Her sister has become a lawyer,A. whoB. thatC. what D. which11. Frank dsream was to have his own shopshe wanted to be.to produce the workings of his own hands.C. by which12. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered sce

25、nes people were eaten by the tiger.A. in whichB. by which C. whichA. thatB. in whichD. howD. that25. That is the reasonhe is leaving very soon.Union.he studied very hard and was13. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, made Chairman of the StudentsA. during which timeB. for which

26、timeC. during whose time14. The schools themselvesD. by that timeadmit that not all children will be successful in the jobsthey are being trained.A. in that B. for thatC. in whichD. for which15. Do you still remember the chicken farmA. where B. when C. that D. whatwe visited three months ago?16. The English play my students acted at the New Year psarty was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in whichD. on which17. There were dirty marks on her trousersshe had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that18. There wastimeI hated to go to school.A. a;