走出宝宝接种疫苗三大困惑

1、走出宝宝接种疫苗三大困惑近年来，儿童接种疫苗的种类越来越多，可是，不少儿童在接种疫苗后出现各类不适的症状。疫苗是不是存在不安全因素？哪些是接种疫苗的异常反应？接种疫苗有没有什么禁忌呢？困惑 1：孩子接种疫苗后发烧，是否说明疫苗存在不安全因素？接种疫苗后的正常反应是什么？专家解答：要明确一点，对绝大多数人而言，接种疫苗是很安全的，可以有效预防疾病。 不少家长对此有误解，觉得孩子接种疫苗后出现发烧、 倦怠、食欲不振是疫苗本身有问题， 进而产生不信任。 实际上，因为疫苗对机体而言属于“外来入侵者”， 会激发免疫功能起反应， 因此，在接种后 24 小时之内发热低于 38.5 度，孩子精神好，没有其他异

2、状，一两天后就退烧，接种疫苗的正常反应。类似的还包括出现皮疹、呕吐、四肢乏力、腹泻以及接种部位红肿、疼痛、硬结等，多在 1-2 天内自行恢复，通常不需要做任何处理。不过，也有少数儿童接种疫苗后出现持续高热、惊厥、呕吐、皮疹难以消退的症状，此时应立即就诊。 有时， 免疫功能反应强烈可能与体质较弱相关， 但不能因此排除潜在疾病存在的可能性，要尽快对症治疗。呼吸肌麻痹等严重问题， 应该及时到医 院就诊，由医务人员确定是否由疫苗引起的不良反应并及时处理。极个别儿童可能因接种疫苗造成肢体运动障碍、困惑 2：哪些疫苗必须接种？哪些疫苗不一定接种？专家解答：疫苗分为两类。一类是计划内的，由政府免费提供，为强

3、制性接种；一类是计划外的，由公民自费且自愿受种。 计划内的疫苗必须接种， 包括乙肝疫苗、 卡介苗、 脊髓灰质炎疫苗（即糖丸）、百白破疫苗、麻疹疫苗、腮腺炎疫苗、破伤风疫苗、水痘疫苗、流脑疫苗、乙脑疫苗等。计划外的疫苗是否接种要视情况而定。 如果某类疾病只是季节性的预防， 如流感、 肺炎等，在没有区域大规模流行之前，可以不接种。但若经济条件允许，自己有这个意愿，或者所在区域内发病率高，又或与病患有密切接触者，可以接种计划外的疫苗。困惑 3：接种疫苗有什么禁忌？专家解答：处于慢性疾病的急性发作期，或正患发热、腹泻等急性疾病的儿童，免疫功能低下者，应待身体好转后再接种。不同种类疫苗禁忌不同。免疫缺陷

4、者、使用免疫抑制剂的儿童，不可使用脊灰、麻疹和卡介苗等活疫苗。 注射丙种球蛋白 4周后， 才能接种活疫苗； 既往接种后有严重不良反应如高热惊厥的儿童，不可再接种同种疫苗；有癫痫、脑病和脑炎后遗症等，不能接种百日咳、流脑和乙脑等疫苗。 患有支气管哮喘、有食物、药物或疫苗过敏史的儿童，应咨询预防接种门诊医生能否接种。Tip s: 接种疫苗注意事项禁忌、不良反应以及过敏史。接种时不要30分钟，一旦出现为减少不良反应的发生， 家长应该在接种前了解接种疫苗的作用、 注意事项。每次接种前，向接种人员提供儿童的健康状况及既往病史、 进食或嘴里含食物以免发生气管堵塞。接种后，儿童要在接种门诊留观 可疑反应可得

5、到及时处理。Out of the baby vacci nated three pu zzlesIn rece nt years, more and more types of vacc in ati on of childre n, however, many of the childre n there are all kinds of discomfort sym ptoms after vacci natio n. The vacci ne is it right? There are many un safe factors? What is the abno rmal react

6、ion of vacc in ati on? The vacc ine is no taboo?Puzzle 1: childre n have a fever after vacci nati on, whether some un safe factors of vacc ine? What is the no rmal react ion after vacc in atio n?Expert an swers:To clear a little, for most people, the vacci

7、ne is very safe, can be effective in p reve nti ng the disease. Many parents have a misun dersta nding, think the child vacci nati on app ear have a fever, loss of app etite, burnout is the vacci ne itself has a p roblem, and the n produce distrust. In fact, because the vaccine

8、on the body bel ongs to the foreig n in vaders , will stimulate the immune fun cti on respon se, therefore, i n the htt p:/ ino culated within 24 hours after heati ng below 38.5 degrees, the childre n the sp irit of good, no other abno rmalities, fever one or two days, is a no rmal res

9、 ponse to vacc in ati on. Similar also in clude rash, vomit ing, diarrhea, limb weak ness and the ino culati on site red ness, pain, in duratio n, recover in 1-2 days, usually dont n eed to do any p rocess ing.However, there are a few childre n vacci nated after susta ined high fever, seizures, vomi

10、ti ng, rash to htt p: /www.wa ngp subsidise the sym ptoms, seek medical atte nti on immediately. Sometimes, an immuneresponse is stron gly associated with weak con stituti on, but it does not rule out the po ssibility of poten tial htt p: / disease exist, as soon as symp toma

11、tic treatme nt.Very few childre n may cause serious p roblems of limb moveme nt disorder, respi ratory muscle p aralysis caused by vacci natio n, should promp tly to the hos pital, medical staff are determ ined by the adverse reacti ons caused by the vacci ne and timely treatme nt.Pu zzle 2: what va

12、cc ines must htt p: /www.wiz pi be vacci nated? Which vacci nes do not n ecessarily vacci nati on?Expert an swers:The vacci ne is divided into two categories. One is in the plan, pro vided free of charge by the gover nment, as a man datory vacc in ati on; one is outside the plan by citize

13、ns at their own expen se, and volun tarily by the kinds of. The vacc ine must be planned vacc in ati on, in clud ing hep atitis B vacci ne, BCG, OPV ( i.e. candy ), DPT vacc ine, measles, mumps vacci ne, teta nus, varicella vacc ine, vacci ne, Japan ese encep halitis vacci ne.Outside the plan whethe

14、r the vacc ine ino culati on depen ds. If a disease is seas onal p reve ntio n, such as in flue nza, pn eum onia, in the abse nee of regi onal large-scale ep idemic, can not ino culati on. But if econo mic con diti ons p ermit, they have the will, or in an area where the disease in cide nee rate is

15、high, or with the disease had close con tacts, can plan vacc ine ino culati on.Puzzle 3: what is the taboo vaccination?Expert an swers:Acute exacerbatio n in chro nic diseases, or sufferi ng from fever, diarrhea, acute disease in childre n, immunocompro mised persons, should

16、 be the body impro ved after ino culati on.Differe nt kinds of differe nt vacc ine taboo. I mmuno deficie ncy, use of immunosupp ressive age nts of childre n, do not use p olio, measles and BCG vacci ne. 4 weeks after injection of gamma globuli n, can be vacci nated with live vacci ne ino culati on;

17、 p revious childre n serious adverse react ions such as high fever conv ulsi on, can htt p: /www.14se .net no Ion ger be seeded with vacc ine; have seizures, encep hal op athy and encep halitis sequela, not vacci nated aga inst Bordetella, menin gitis and Japan ese B encep halitis vacci ne. People w

18、ith bron chial asthma, a food, drug or vacc ine allergy in childre n, should con sult doctors can vacci natio n vacci natio n cli nic.Tips: vacc in ati on p recauti onsIn order to reduce the in cide nee of adverse react ions, parents should un dersta nd the vacci nati on before ino culati on effect, taboo, adverse reacti ons and p recauti ons. Every time before ino culati on, healt