中考考点之虚拟语气[共6页]

1、成都戴氏教育三台总校 中考考点之虚拟语气教学目标：学习表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的结构。 学习使用虚拟语气提出建议。教学内容：一、定义：虚拟语气：用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不是表客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条 件，而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 e.g：If I were you, I would tell him the truth. e.g：If I had a plane, I could fly to school every morning. 二、分类 If 条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 宾语从句中虚拟语气 其他情况的虚拟语气1. If 条件句中的虚拟语气 e.g：If I

2、 were a bird, I would fly in the sky. If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him. If it should /were to rain, we would call off the match.虚拟语气主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）主语+should, would,might,could+动词原形与过去相反的事实的假设If +主语+had +过去分词主语+should, would, might, could+have done与将来相反的事

3、实的假设1. If+ 主语+动词过去式2. If+主语+were to +动词原形3. If+ 主语+should+动词原形主语+should, would, might, could+动词原形与现在事实相反： e.g：If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.与将来事实相反： e.g：If you should lose, what would you do? If I were to s

4、ee her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.与过去事实相反： e.g：If Id known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.（1）在条件句中，可省略if, 把were, had, should, 提到句首，变为倒装句式。 e.g：If I were at school again, I would study hard

5、er. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have not go climbing. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气（1）Wish后面的宾语从句。一

6、般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。主要有三种情况： A. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。 e.g：I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。 I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.) B. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had + done e.g：I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事的真相。（事实是那时还不知道。） I wish I had never stopped t

7、eaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.) C. 表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would(情态动词)+动词原形 e.g：I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实是很难再有的机会。） I wish theyd let us get some sleep注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈 述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较： e.g：We hope they will com

8、e,(We dont know if they can come.) We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)（2） 一想要（desire); 一宁愿（prefer）; 二命令（order,common）; 三建议（advise, suggest, propose/recommend); 四要求（demand, require, request, ask, insist）， 无论是主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用“should + do”。Should可以省略。 e.g：We suggested that the m

9、eeting (should) be put off. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明”讲时，insist 表示“坚持认为”之意，应用陈述语气。 e.g：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 3. 其他情况的虚拟语气（1）It is (high/about) time that.表示：

10、“早该做某事了”，从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should + 动词原 形，should 不能省略。 e.g：It is high time that you did/should do sports. Its time (that) you had a hair cut. Its high time (that) we took some action.（2）If only 引导的感叹句（要是.改有多好啊） 表示现在的情况，用过去时； 表示过去的情况，用过去完成时。 e.g：I only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yester

11、day.（3）Would rather +从句（动词用过去式或过去完成时） e.g：I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.（4）as if (as though)看起来，常用虚拟形式， 表示与现在事实相反，用过去式； 表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。 e.g： He treats/treated the boy as if he were his own son. He speaks/spoke as if he had known about it. （5）ev

12、en if (even though)即使 e.g：Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem. Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.（6）情态动词+ have done could have done 本来可以. might have done 本来可能. should/ought to have done本来应该做. shouldnt /ought not to have done本不应该做. you shouldnt have told her the t

13、ruth. neednt have done 本不必做. would have done 本来回去做.虚拟语气练习(1) . If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster. A. be B. was C. were D. am(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak with French accents. A. dont B. will not C. mustnt D. wouldnt (3) today, would

14、we be able to get there by Tuesday? A. Were we leaving B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave(4). If Jone tomorrow, what would you do? A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come(5). -“She didnt ask me, so I didnt help her?” -“You mean to say , you wouldve he

15、lped her ?” A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask you C.had she asked you C. were she to ask you(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them . A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him, to him? A. would they have talked B.

16、would they talk C.had they talked D. they would talk(8). If I lived in the city, I traveal in croweded buses, but I to see lots offilms. A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I time.

17、A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10) . I know it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having(11). your help, I would not have succeeded. A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for(12). -“What did Mr Smith say about his career?” -“Only that if he a millionaire, he would have

18、 fewer worries.” A. did not become B. had not become C. does not become D. has not become(13).- “Why didnt you help him?” -“I would have I didnt have the money.” A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or(14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong .” A. goes B. would go C. go

19、 D. went(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on weeknights. A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch(16) . I cant speak Japanese, but I do wish I . A. can B. could C. had D. speak(17). -“Are you enjoying your stay here? -“Yes, very much. I w

20、ish I have to leave so soon.” A. wont B. dont C. mustnt D. didnt(18). -“What will you do during the summer holidays?” -“I dont know, but its about time on something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. Id decided(19). Id rather you anything about it for the time being. A. say B. didnt say

21、C. dont say D. not say(20) . -“Why do you have to be there at six?” -“The teacher demands that everyone in his seat at six.” A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be(21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he it. A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget(22). -“how does the librarian

22、act?” -“He acts as if he a walking dictionary.” A. were B. be C. is D. has been(23). There is a law that drunken drivers severely punished. A. were B. are C. be D. will be(24). I wish you interrupt when Im talking on the phone. A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not(25). Henry talks to his do

23、g as if it him. A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand(26). Jeff looked as if he a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see(27). Give her my best regards, . A. should you see her today B. if you saw her today C. if you would see her today D. should you have seen her today(28). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting postponed for a week. A. had been B. would be C. was D. should be(29). It is highly desirable that every effort