嵌入式系统【高教课件】

1、嵌入式系统 概论,1,学习研究,What is this,2,学习研究,What is Embedded ,3,学习研究,什么是嵌入式系统,计算机，假装自己是计算机 (Stephen A. Edwards,4,学习研究,为什么要嵌入,為何计算机要嵌入？ 基本架構仍然相同,5,学习研究,什么是嵌入式系统,嵌入式系统硬件之主要组成 嵌入式系统之硬件组成基本组件： 微处理机(Microprocessor)/微控制器(Microcontroller) 内存(Memory) 特殊用途之集成电路芯片(ASIC) 输入与输出(Input/Output, I/O)接口与输入与输出装置,以ARM平台之嵌入式系統

2、為例,6,学习研究,Definition,Embedded Systems 的定义无论是学界或者业界，都有相当多种说法，应用的范畴更是远超出一般人的想象 根据英国电机工程师协会的定义：嵌入式系统为控制、监视或辅助设备、机器或甚至工厂运作的装置 它具备了下列的特性： 设计的目的，在于执行特定的功能 以微电脑与周边构成核心 严格的时序与稳定度要求 全自动操作循环 嵌入式系统为一种计算机软件与硬件的综合体，特别强调身定做的原则，基于某一种特殊用途上，针对这项用途开发出截然同的系统，是所谓的客制化(Customized)系统,7,学习研究,Definition,An embedded system i

3、s a special-purpose system in which the computer is completely encapsulated by the device it controls An embedded system performs pre-defined tasks, usually with very specific requirements Embedded system: any device that includes a programmable computer but is not itself a general-purpose computer

4、With OS (use microprocessors) Without OS (use microcontrollers) Take advantage of application characteristics to optimize the design: Do not need all the general-purpose bells and whistles,8,学习研究,计算机的演进,year,log (people per computer,Streaming information to/from physical world,Mainframe,Minicomputer

5、,Workstation,PC,Laptop,PDA,9,学习研究,Application,办公设备、建筑物设备、制造和流程控制、医疗、监视、维生设备、交通运输、通讯业、银行金融业、测试及诊断系统、其他,Embedded systems in everything,10,学习研究,应用范例 LEGO 机器人,32-bit ARM7 microprocessor 256 Kbytes FLASH, 64 Kbytes RAM Bluetooth wireless communication using NXT software only. USB 2.0 port 4 input ports,

6、6 wire digital platform 3 output ports, 6 wire digital platform 100 x 64 pixel LCD graphical display Sound channel with 8-bit resolution Stores multiple programs,The LEGO Mindstorms is a robotic building system consisting of The NXT Intelligent Brick: the brain of the system Sensors and servo motors

7、 LEGO TECHNIC Elements Programming software,11,学习研究,应用范例介绍二,iPhone Went on sale in June 2007 One Samsung ARM1176 application processor core Memory capacity: 8 16 GB Display: 3.5 inch widescreen multi-touch Operating system: MAC OS X GSM: Quad-band Wireless data: WiFi, EDGE, Bluetooth Camera: 2 Mega

8、pixel Audio and video playback Talk time: 8 hrs Standby time: 250 hrs,12,学习研究,应用范例介绍三,Wii CPU IBM “Broadway” Runs at 729 MHz Similar to the chip found in the GameCube, but almost twice as fast ATI “Hollywood” processor handles the graphics Runs at 243 MHz 24 MB of internal main memory 64 MB GDDR3 SD

9、RAM Up to four Wii-motes Connected via Bluetooth SD memory slot GameCube memory slot 512 MB built in NAND flash memory,13,学习研究,应用范例介绍四,14,学习研究,应用范例五,Tmote Sky 传感器 最受欢迎的传感器 Tmote Sky offers a number of integrated peripherals including a 12-bit ADC and DAC, Timer, I2C, SPI, and UART bus protocols, and

10、 a performance boosting DMA controller Tmote Sky is the wireless sensor module of choice for large-scale, high data-rate sensor network applications requiring ultra low-power, high-reliability and ease of development,15,学习研究,应用范例六,BTM3015EC4C5-00 蓝牙模块 Bluetooth Specification V 1.2/2.0 compliant Enha

11、nce data rate( EDR ) V0.9 compliant Maximum transmit Power up to +14 dBm (Class 1) Low power consumption for running on 1.8V core Full Bluetooth data rate over UART and USB On-board Flash memory (8Mbits) 12 Programmable I/O lines,16,学习研究,应用范例,GPRS/GPS导航器功能,17,学习研究,嵌入式系统的应用,Product: Sonicare Elite 牙刷

12、 微处理器: 8-bit 具备可程式化的速度控制，时序控制和充电显示,18,学习研究,嵌入式系统的应用,Inside view of a Microsoft Mouse,产品：任何电脑鼠标，键盘或USB设备 微处理器：8位微控制器,19,学习研究,嵌入式系统的应用,产品：任何磁盘驱动器 微处理器：双32位ARM MARVEL SOC及混合信号DSP,20,学习研究,嵌入式系统的应用,产品：VENDO Vue公司40台自动售货机 微处理器：2个16位的日立H8/300H处理器 机械手免除项目,21,学习研究,嵌入式系统的应用,Product: NASAs Twin Mars Rovers Mic

13、roprocessor: Radiation Hardened20Mhz PowerPC Commercial Real-time OS Software and OS was developed during multi-year flight to Mars and downloaded using a radio link,22,学习研究,嵌入式系统的应用,Product: Sony Aibo ERS-7 Robotic Dog Microprocessor: 64-bit MIPS R7000 OS: Aperios - Sonys Real Time OS,23,学习研究,嵌入式系统

14、的应用,Product: Radiant Systems Point-of-Sale (POS) Terminal Microprocessor: Intel X86 Celeron OS: Windows XP Embedded Look for one next time you order fast food,V,24,学习研究,嵌入式系统的应用,Product: Microsofts Smart Personal Object Technology (SPOT) watch Microprocessor: 32-bit ARM with FM Radio Chip Downloads

15、News using extra bandwidth on FM radio stations in major cities,25,学习研究,嵌入式系统的应用,Product: Motorola Q Pocket PC Phone Microprocessor: TI OMAP (ARM+DSP) OS: Windows Mobile 5.0 (Windows CE OS,26,学习研究,嵌入式系统的应用,Product: Atronic Slot Machine Microprocessor: X86 OS: Windows CE Slots are networked to a casi

16、nos back office computer system. State Gaming agencies audit code and payoff odds,27,学习研究,嵌入式系统的应用,Product: Dresser Wayne Ovation iX Gas Pump Microprocessor: Marvel Xscale (ARM) OS: Windows CE Displays video ads &is networked to a gas stations back office computer system. Also has remote maintenance

17、 features,28,学习研究,嵌入式系统的应用,Product: Bernina Artista 200 Sewing Machine Microprocessor: Marvel StrongARM OS: Windows CE Can download new images from Internet and sew them,29,学习研究,更多的嵌入式系统,30,学习研究,更多的嵌入式系统,31,学习研究,更多的嵌入式系统,32,学习研究,嵌入式系统清单,Anti-lock brakes Auto-focus cameras Automatic teller machines A

18、utomatic toll systems Automatic transmission Avionic systems Battery chargers Camcorders Cell phones Cell-phone base stations Cordless phones Cruise control Curbside check-in systems Digital cameras Disk drives Electronic card readers Electronic instruments Electronic toys/games Factory control Fax machines Fingerprint identifiers Home security systems Life-support systems Medical testing systems,Modems MPEG decoders Network cards Network switches/routers On-board navigation Pagers Photocopiers Point-of-sale systems Portable video games Printers Satellite phones Scanners Smart ovens/dishwa