动词不定式动名词分词.ppt

1、动词不定式,动名词,分词,一 .不定式,构成： to+动词原形,在句中作用：除谓语动词外的任何成分,Its useful to learn English well=To learn English well is useful,句型 it+be+ adj+ of/for sb+to do sth. It is important for us to protect the environment,不定式作主语,不定式作主语，常用it替代，而将真正主语放在末尾,注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等修饰人品质的时候介词用of,It is kind of you to hel

2、p me,一些谓语动词后只能跟不定式，这类词表命令，打算或者希望的 如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, plan, expect,Would you like to see a film this evening,不定式作宾语,在find，think后跟不定式作宾语，常用it替代，而将真正宾语放于句末,I find it easy to learn English everyday,常见的不带to的不定式,Why not do,why dont you do, had better (not) do Would rather do, could/woul

3、d/will you (not) do,注意：一些使役动词和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补，这时要 省略to. 这些动词有：一感（feel)、二听（hear, listen to)、三让 （let, make, have)、四看（look at, watch, see, notice) 。但变 为被动语态时要加上to,常跟不定式作宾语补足语的有ask, want, help, wish, teach, encourage, invite, warn, allow等。 eg: My mother encourages me to learn Japanese,不定式作宾语补足语（与宾语有逻辑上的主

4、谓关系) eg: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio,不定式作宾语补足语,eg: The teacher was saw to enter the office,作定语 (与宾语有逻辑上动宾关系）： eg: There is nothing to worry about,作状语（目的，结果，原因）： eg: He opened the door for her to come in,作表语（常在be动词后，可与主语互换）： eg: His task is to learn hard = To learn hard is his task,不定式作其他成分

5、,疑问词+不定式（作主语或者宾语（可转化为宾语从句） eg: can you tell me when to leave? = can you tell me when you will leave,不定式的常见考点,Granny often tells us water in our daily life A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves,It seems that it is going to rain. Youd better an umbrella. A. take B. not take C. to take D. not to take,E

6、xcuse me, Would you tell a map? where buy B. where to buy C. where can I buy D. how I can buy,动词后跟不定式还是动名词的搭配（放在易混点讲,二.动名词,构成：动词原形+ing,用法：作主语、宾语、表语、定语,主语,宾语,表语,定语,eg: Eating much is bad for your health,动词宾语：eg： I like playing basketball very much. 介词宾语：eg: The notebook is used for writing down notes

7、,eg: His hobby is swimming. =swimming is his hobby,eg: she is in the reading room,两动词连用只能接动名词的词,完成实践值得忙; 继续习惯别放弃; 考虑建议不禁想; 喜欢思念要介意,finish, practice, be worth, be busy keep on , be used to , give up consider , suggest, cant help, feel like enjoy, miss, mind,三.分词,构成：现在分词: 动词+ ing 过去分词： 动词+ ed,用法：表语、定语

8、、状语、补足语,表语,定语,状语,补足语,现分eg: The story is interesting. 过分eg: I am bored with the thing,现分eg: Do you know the girl standing under the tree? 过分eg: Please hand your written exercise,现分eg: They went out of classroom, talking and laughing. 过分eg: Seen from the hill,the school is beautiful,现分eg: I heard him

9、singing when I came in classroom. eg: He allows going out. sb allow doing 某人被容许做 过分eg: I want to have my bike repaired. (have/make/get/+ 名词（代词）+过去分词,易混点,动词后接动名词 和不定式的区别,现在分词和不定式作宾语补主语的区别,现在分词和过去 分词的区别,含有介词to的固定短语,动后接动名词和不定式的区别,stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事,try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing

10、 sth 尝试做某事,forget to do sth 忘记做某事（未做） forget doing sth 忘记做过某事,remember to do sth 记得要做某事（未做) remember doing sth记得做过某事,mean to do sth打算做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事,need to do sth需要做某事(主动含义 need doing sth 需要去做某事（被动含义,go on to do sth接着做某事（另一件） go on doing 接着做某事,现在分词和不定式作宾语补主语的区别,eg: I heard him singing in

11、the classroom. (唱的动作正在进行) I heard him sing in the classroom. (唱的动作已结束,常见动词有see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have等。它们现在分词作宾补表动作正在进行；接不带to的动词作宾语表已经完成了的或者经常性的动作,现在分词和过去分词的区别,1.语态上，现分表主动意义，过分表被动意义,the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man 一个感到惊讶的人 a moving story 一个感人的故事 the moved people 被感动的人们,2.时态上，现分表正在进行的动作，过分表已经完成的动作,the developing country 发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起来的太阳,含有介词to的固定短语,make (a) contribution to devote to look forward to prefer to be/get used to pay attention to,为作贡献 致力于 期盼，盼望 喜欢 胜过 习惯，适应 关注于,含有介词或者省略的固定句型,have fun (in) doin