连接代词和副词引导名词性从句

1、疑问词引导名词性从句,Review,Definition Types Conjunctions,Noun Clauses,Subject Object Appositive Predicative,Clauses,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses,what, whatever ; who, whoever; whom, whomever; which, whichever; whose,that, whether, if, because, as if/as though,when, whenever; where, wherever; how, however; wh

2、y,状语,主语、宾语、表语、定语,不充当从句的任何成分,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,What was he doing ? His father was surprised,subject clause 主语从句,Whats your first impression of him? I want to know,object clause 宾语从句,How did Alice respond to Toms proposal(求婚)? I have no idea,appositive clause 同位语从句,How can I ma

3、ke a grammar lesson interesting? That is my question,predicative clause 表语从句,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,Southerners find it difficult to understand what northerners are saying,Southerners find it difficult to understand what are northerners saying,1. The word order of the noun clause

4、should be changed into that of a statement.(陈述句,e.g. I dont care who you are,e.g. I dont care what you did,e.g. How John became blind is still a mystery,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,2. Question words cant be left out in noun clauses in any cases, because they act as certain sentence ele

5、ments(成分) in the clauses,e.g. Dont care what is written about you,Subject Clauses,连接代词和连接副词都可以引导主语从句。可放于句首、句尾，放于句尾需用形式主语it,e.g. When the new road is open to traffic hasnt been made clear,It hasnt been made clear when the new road is open to traffic,e.g. That our boss will come to the conference exci

6、tes us,Compare the two sentences,Subject Clauses,e.g. What we should do next remains unknown. e.g. What our class teacher said is of great value,e.g. Whoever breaks the rule should be punished,the thing that,e.g. Whatever he did was supported by us,= anyone who,= anything that,Conclusion: what、whate

7、ver、whoever等连接代词既可以表示疑问，又可以表示陈述，可表示“（任何） 的事、话、东西、人,Object Clauses,连接代词和连接副词都可以引导宾语从句,e.g. This book will show you _,最好的首席执行官了解什么,what the best CEOs know,e.g. Im curious about _, a LG or an Apple,你会买哪一个,which you will buy,Object Clauses,e.g. Could you tell me when you graduated? e.g. He told me when

8、he graduated,e.g. He informed me where we would meet next time,= the time when,= the place where,Conclusion: when、where等连接副词既可以表示疑问，又可以表示陈述，可表示“的时间、 的地点,Compare the two sentences,Object Clauses,有些动词带宾语从句时需要在从句前加it。如：hate, dislike, like, take for granted等,e.g. I hate it when people talk with their mo

9、uth full of food,Predicative Clauses,连接代词和连接副词都可以引导表语从句,e.g. This place is no longer _ it used to be,e.g. The question is however we can do the work better,what,e.g. This is _ you are wrong,where,Appositive Clauses,连接代词和连接副词都可以引导同位语从句,e.g. The question _ so many people would choose to live in the co

10、untryside but to work in the city is still under discussion,why,疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别,疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop. 疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished. Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell. nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Nomatte

11、rwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell. Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbe punished,Decide what sentence element each highlighted noun clause is in its sentence. (P28,I always wondered when I would get the English novel my parents had promised to give me. I finally got it today. What I always dreamt of has come

12、true. It is really exciting! The difficulty is how Im going to read the book without a dictionary,O,S,p,Looking up every new word will certainly be a waste of time. Miss Cheng always told us to guess the meanings of new words from the context. I used to wonder why we should do this. I understand now

13、, but the question is what I should do if I cannot guess the meanings. I must talk to Miss Cheng about this tomorrow,O,P,_ matters most in learning English is enough practice. (全国II) A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 2. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (上海) A. That B

14、. What C. Whether D. Where,3. Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please? ( 山东) A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who,4. _ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (陕西) A. That B. Which C. What D. As,5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.

15、 A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 6. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 7. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it A. where B. there C. here where D. where there,高考链接,8. The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look l

16、ike B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 9. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. which; that C. what; which D. that; which,高考链接,Translation,在自己家里可以

17、随心所欲,In ones own home one can do what one likes,我不知道他什么时候回来,I have no idea when he will return,还没决定谁做那项工作,It hasnt yet been decided who will do that job,When should we use preparatory subject it,Preparatory subject “it,1. We can use it as an preparatory subject. when we use a noun clause as the subj

18、ect of a sentence. a. (preferable) It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today. = (correct) That we would not be able to understand Old English today is certain,preparatory subject “it”,b. (preferable) It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in the fut

19、ure. = (correct) Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer. c. (preferable) It depends on the style of writing when we use certain words. = (correct) When we use certain words depends on the style of writing,a. (preferable) It is hard to master a foreign language. = (cor

20、rect) To master a foreign language is hard. b. (preferable) It is important to know how to use a computer. = (correct) To know how to use a computer is important,B. when the subject is a to-infinitive,C. when the subject is a v-ing form. a. ( preferable) Smoking is difficult to stop. = (correct) It

21、is difficult to stop smoking. b. (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time. = (correct) It takes a lot of my time travelling to Beijing,We usually use the preparatory subject it with a clause or to-infinitive (preferable), but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the

22、beginning,Tip,2. It can also be used before seem, appear, happen, chance, turn out and prove as the preparatory subject of a sentence. It seems that he speaks two languages. = He seems to speak two languages. b. It happens that my new neighbour comes from my home town. = My new neighbor happens to come from my home town,1. It + be + adj. ( true/ certain/ possible/ obvious, likely) that 2. It + be +noun phrase (no wonder/ an honour/ a pity/) that 3. It+ be + past participle (said/ reported/ expected/ announced/ suggested)