2021-2021学年高中英语北师大版必修三Unit 8 Green Living 练习含解析

1、2021-2021学年高中英语北师大版必修三Unit 8 Green Living 练习含解析Unit 8Green LivingLesson 2 & Lesson 3词汇知识自主学习. 根据语境写出正确的单词1. the founder of NPO-Green-life NPO-Green-life的创始人2. have a contented life 过着满足的生活3. vast areas of dry lands with little agriculture大面积几乎没有农业的干旱土地4. agree with her proposal 同意她的建议5. plant trees

2、in the region 在这个地区种树6. only a slim chance 机会渺茫7. have a survival rate of 85% 存活率是85%8. a couple of quotes 两句引言9. admire her strength in overcoming such a great personal loss钦佩她克服如此巨大的个人损失的力量10. make sbs dream come true (使)某人的梦想成真11. with her determination to make her sons dream a reality她有决心让儿子的梦想成

3、为现实12. the former and current conditions in the desert沙漠过去和现在的情况13. plenty of places for bicycle parking 有很多地方可以停放自行车14. a computer tracking system 一个电脑跟踪系统15. pedal its way around the world 骑着自行车环游世界. 根据语境选择恰当的介、副词填空1. Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for posi

4、tive growth and forgiveness.2. I was amazed that hed come up with this sweet idea.3. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings.4. E-mails and faxes convey information in a matter of seconds.5. Thanks to the help I received that difficult first year, the school is my home now.6. S

5、ort out different kinds and put in different dustbins.7. Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. 根据课文补全句式1. They were hopeful that this would help(他们希望这将有助于) to save energy, reduce pollution, and provide free public transport.2. To take a bicycle(为了骑自行车), you had to put in a special

6、 card.3. In 1999, the “white bikes”returned to Amsterdamthis time with a computer tracking system (用电脑跟踪系统)to record their every move!4. People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it (这样其他人就可以从那里拿到它)and use it from there.5. They b

7、elieved that it would be better for everybody(那对每个人都更好) if carswerent allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.阅读精析合作学习Task 1框架宏观建构: 整体理解1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanksPara. 1: The reason of the “white bikes”s _in Amsterdam.Para. 2: The _ of the “white bikes”s concept.Para. 3: Th

8、e “white bikes”s _ .Paras. 4-6: The “white bikes”s _ on the globle, especially in China.答案: popularityresourcereturninfluence2. What is the text type of the passage?A. Narrative Essay (记叙文)B. Argumentative Essay (议论文)C. Expository Writing (说明文)D. Practical Writing (应用文)答案: C3. Whats the main idea of

9、 this passage?This passage is mainly about the development process of “white bikes”in Amsterdam and its influence on the world, especially in China.【寻技巧提能力】理解事件的发展事件的发展讲述了一个事件如何跟随另一个事件创造一个特定的情境。找出事件的起点。找出事件发生的时间和地点。找出发展中出现的问题以及发展的后果。Task 2文本微观剖析: 细节探究1. Choose the best answer.(1)Why can people enjoy

10、 free cycling in Amsterdam?A. Because the city is flat.B. Because there are many parking lots.C. Because“white bikes”are available.D. Because there are many cycling fans.(2)Why are bicycles used in Amsterdam?To save energy.To sell more bicycles.To provide free public transport.To reduce pollution.A.

11、 B. C. D. (3)In the 1960s, the free use of bicycles failed because of _.A. their bright coloursB. poor managementC. peoples disagreementD. inconvenience of parking(4)What is the last paragraph about?- 2 -A. The current situation and future of shared bikes in China.B. The problem of shared bikes.C. T

12、he benefits of shared bikes.D. The master of shared bikes.答案: (1)(4) CABA2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.“WHITE BIKES”ON THE ROADPopularity of the “white bikes” Its flat terrain, plenty of places for (1)bicycle parking and having a bicycle path in most streets in the city centre.(2)Appe

13、arance of the “white bikes”I n the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea. Soon after, however, problems came up and the “white bikes”all (3)disappeared because thieves stole them all in a matter of weeks!Return of the “white bikes”In 1999, the “white bikes”returned to Amsterdam. Every

14、bicycle had a computer chip to (4)record its every move, and everyone who wanted to take a bicycle had to (5)insert a special card.Good effects of the “white bikes”People can enjoy (6)clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam, and the idea of “white bikes”has pedalled its way around the worl

15、d and there has been a global increase in (7)bike-sharing.The current situation and future of the shared bikes in China I n China, more and more cities have their own “white bike”programmes. Although some problems can also (8)develop, the future is bright.3. Long sentence analysis.(1)They (主语)believ

16、ed (谓语) that it would be better for everybody(宾语从句) if cars werent allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were(条件状语从句).译文: 他们认为如果不让汽车驶入市中心, 只让自行车进入, 那会对每个人都更有好处。(2)The bikes(主语)were parked (谓语)at special parking places. (状语) Thus(并列连词)people (主语)who wanted to use them (定语从句)had to take (谓语)the

17、m (间接宾语)to another special parking place(直接宾语).译文: 自行车被放在特定的停放处, 因此想使用自行车的人必须把自行车停放在另一个特定停放处。Task 3阅读思维升华: 主题实践1. Why did cycling fans put forward the idea of“white bikes”in the 1960s? (Critical Thinking批判性思维)Because they hoped that this would help to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free p

18、ublic transport.2. What effects have “white bikes”had on Amsterdam? (Critical Thinking 批判性思维)People can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.3. Why has the idea spread to other parts of the world in recent years? (Creative Thinking 创造性思维)In my opinion, the reasons are as follo

19、ws: First, it can reduce pollution and protect the environment. Second, it is more convenient when you are stuck in the traffic jam. Third, it can build our body and save money.- 3 -要点精研探究学习1. contented adj. 满意的; 满足的*There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content

20、 and less salt.最近在食品服务行业出现了低脂肪和低盐的趋势。*All the works that will be exhibited are original, rich in content and diverse in form. 所有参展作品都是原创的, 内容丰富, 形式多样。*He is content to live in the countryside.他满足于住在乡下。*Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building.大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。*Andy is content wi

21、th the toy.安迪对这个玩具很满意。【导图理词】【巧学助记】Professor Smith contents himself with the content of his essay, but he isnt still content with the style of his writing.史密斯教授对他的文章内容感到满意, 但对他的写作风格还不满意。Content is better than riches. 知足者常乐。(1)语法填空。He is content to live (live) in the countryside.She hadnt read the let

22、ter and so was unaware of its contents(content).Im perfectly content with the way the campaign has gone.Digital content is (be)so easily accessible nowadays that young people may just assume books to be free and are not ready to pay for it.(2)一句多译。很多人都满足于常规生活。Many men are content with a routine life

23、. (content adj. )=Many men content themselves with a routine life. (content v. )2. occur vi. 发生; 出现*(2021天津高考)It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see whats around them. 他们很少想到要出去走走, 花点时间看看周围的环境。*Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.杰克正在实验室里工作, 这时突然停电了。*

24、The idea occurred to him in a dream.这个主意是他在梦中想到的。*It didnt occur to her to ask for help. 她没想到请别人帮忙。sth. occurs/occurred to sb. 事被某人想起It occurs/occurred to sb. that. . . 某人想起It occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事- 4 -【易混辨析】词形词义搭配occur 发生指“发生”时可与happen换用, 但后接to sb. /sth. 时, 两者含义不同, It/Sth. occur

25、s to sb. that=It/Sth. strikes/hits sb. that . . . 指“某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中”happen 偶然发生, 碰巧指“偶然发生”时, 主语为“事”; 当主语是“人”时, 意为“碰巧”。happen to sb. /sth. 指“不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上”take place 发生, 举行某种活动可与happen或occur换用, 但其后面一般不接to sb. /sth. 结构; 指“必然会发生的事情”时, 多用take place; 此外take place还可表示“举行某种活动”Generally, winter solstice oc

26、curs between December 21st and 23rd.冬至一般是在公历十二月二十一日至二十三日之间。(1)语法填空。It occurred to me that I played an important part in their lives.It had never occurred to him that he might be falling in love with Mary.(2)Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she didnt know how to speak it out. 她突然想到了一个好主意, 但是

27、她不知道如何说出来。(3)I suppose it didnt occur to you to phone the police.我想你根本就没想到打电话报警。【补偿训练】(1)He happened to know the place. 他碰巧知道那个地方。(2)Didnt it occur to you to phone them?你难道就没想过给他们打个电话?(3)In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.1919年, 中国发生了五四运动。3. survival n. 继续生存, 幸存*(2021全国卷)None of these

28、 seems to have much chance of survival. 这些似乎都没有多少存活的机会。*Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.在这次撞车事故受伤的六人中, 只有两人活了下来。*Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。*She survived her husband by ten years.丈夫死后她又活了十年。*There are only a few survivors from the

29、 original team.最初的队员只剩下几名了。(1)survive vt. 幸存; 生还; 幸免于; 比活得长vi. 幸存; 活下来survive sth. 在之后仍然幸存survive sb. (by. . . ) 比活得长- 5 -survive on 靠存活下来survive from 从流传/留存下来(2)survivor n. 幸存者(1)语法填空。This survivor (survive)lost at least two family members in the floods.Exporting is necessary for our economic survi

30、val (survive).It was a positive miracle that we survived(survive).(2)Life isnt about how to survive from storms, but how to dance in the rain.生活不是关于如何在风雨中生存, 而是如何在风雨中起舞。(3)The man survived his wife by five years, during which he lived in a small house.那个男人比他妻子多活了五年, 在此期间他一直住在一所小房子里。4. rate n. 比率, 率*

31、The number of reported crimes is increasing at an alarming rate. 报警案件的数量正在以惊人的速度增长。*Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour. 大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时5千米。*His friends liked her. well, most of them at any rate. 他的朋友们很喜欢她。嗯, 无论如何, 他们中大部分是这样的。*At this rate, well soon be bankrupt.照此情形, 我们很快就会破

32、产。at a/the rate of 以的速度; 按比率at any rate 无论如何, 不管怎样at this/that rate 照此情形; 如此下去(1)语法填空。They were rising at the rate of 20% a month in some areas.Well, thats one good piece of news at any rate.(2)Local businesses are closing at a/the rate of three a year.地方企业正在以每年三家的速度关闭。(3)At this rate, well finish o

33、ur work in two days.照此情形, 我们将在两天内完成工作。5. determination n. 决心; 毅力*(2021北京高考)With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.凭借她的才华和决心, 爱丽丝摩尔似乎前途无量。*Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.在他曾经想放弃的地

34、方, 现在他有决心前行, 并继续走下去。*We intend to pursue this policy with determination.我们准备坚决贯彻这项政策。*The new mayor is determined to clean up the city.新上任的市长决心要整治好这座城市。*I determine to speak the truth. 我决定讲出真话。- 6 -*Its difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health. 很难说乐观和健康哪个是第一位的。(1)with

35、 determination坚决地; 果断地(2)determined adj. 有决心的be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(3)determine vt. 确定, 决定; 使下定决心determine on/upon (doing) sth.决定(做)某事determine to do sth. 决定做某事determine+that/wh-从句决定【巧学助记】He is a determined person and once he determines to do something, he will finish it with determination.

36、他是一个有决心的人, 一旦他决定做某事, 他就会坚决完成它。(1)“决定做某事”的常见表达方式还有: make up ones mind to do sth. , decide to do sth. , make a decision to do sth. ;(2)determined为形容词化的过去分词, 常作状语, 类似的词语还有: (be) lost in, (be) faced with, (be) dressed in, (be) absorbed in, (be) buried in, (be) devoted to 等。(1)语法填空。She determined to work

37、 (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.She had the courage and determination(determine) to rise above her physical disability.Determined (determine) to carry out the plan in time, they will make careful preparations.(2)I was determined to succeed and be proud of my daily progre

38、ss.我下定决心要成功并对自己每日的进步感到骄傲。(3)Everyone concerned acted with great courage and determination.所有相关人员都表现出了极大的勇气和决心。【补偿训练】一句多译。我已决定毕业后到农村去。I have determined to go to the countryside after graduation. (determine to do)I have determined on/upon going to the countryside after graduation. (determine on/upon)I

39、 have determined that I am going to the countryside after graduation. (determine that . . . )6. work through 调整(情绪)*To work through these emotions, first write all of your emotions down. 要处理好- 7 -这些情绪, 首先你得把它们写下来。*It is proving hard to work out the value of bankrupt companiesassets. 经证明, 计算出破产公司的资产价

40、值较难。*I do some voluntary work at the local hospital.我在当地医院从事一些义务性工作。*He recommenced work on his novel.他重新开始了自己的小说创作。*Hundreds were thrown out of work. 数以百计的人遭到解雇。work out锻炼身体, 做运动; 解决, 解答; 计算出; 产生结果, 发展; 制订出work on 从事, 继续work at 从事/致力于out of work 失业(1)介、副词填空。It is understood that the band are workin

41、g on their next album.There has been a sharp rise in the number of people out of work.(2)The three parties will meet next month to work out remaining differences.这3个党派将在下月会晤来解决剩下的分歧。(3)So far weve worked through the job, but there have been times when I wasnt sure we could.现在我们已经熬过去了, 但是有好几次我都怀疑我们是否

42、能够渡过难关。7. therefore adv. 因此; 由此*Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap with conversation. 沉默可能会被一些文化群体视为极度不舒服; 因此, 可以尝试用对话来填补每一个间隙。*Hes only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.他只有17岁, 因此没有投票选举的资格。*There is still m

43、uch to discuss. We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting. 要讨论的问题还有很多。因此, 我们将在下次会议上再讨论这项议题。巧辨therefore与sotherefore是副词, 它不可以连接并列句, 只起承上启下的作用, 前为因, 后为果。so既可用作副词, 也可用作连词, 可以连接并列句。Since Vega is the fifth brightest star in the sky, it is therefore very easy to spot on a summer night. 由

44、于织女星是天空中第五亮的星星, 因此在夏夜很容易被发现。(1)用therefore或so填空。Theres something wrong with his computer, and therefore he cant surf the Internet.It was raining heavily, so they had to stay at home.(2)He studied very hard, and therefore he passed the exam.他学习刻苦, 因此通过了考试。8. come up with 想出; 想到; 提出; 赶上- 8 -*(2021全国卷)R

45、esearchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. 佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说, 围绕这个问题, 他们已经提出了一种低成本的装置: 智能键盘。*The subject came up at work. 这一话题在工作时被提及。*That came about when we went to New York last year.那件事发生在去年我们去纽约时。*Come on, darli

46、ng, well be late. 快点儿, 亲爱的, 我们要迟到了。*The rain stopped and the sun came out. 雨停后太阳出来了。*This is the worst place Ive come across.这是我到过的最糟糕的地方。*When it comes to other peoples arguments, its better to leave well alone. 遇到别人争论时, 最好别插嘴。come up被提出; 走近; 上升; 发芽come about 发生come on 来吧; 赶快; 进行come out 出版; 出来; 出现

47、; 结果是come across (偶然)遇见; 发现; 被理解come to 苏醒; 总计; 达到when it comes to . . . 当谈到时come up的主语是物, 表示“(计划、建议、议题等)被提出”, 而come up with 的主语是人或团体组织, 表示“(某人)提出”。(1)介、副词填空。In order to prevent this case coming about again, we should improve our awareness of saving and recycling water.When it comes to studentssurfi

48、ng the Internet, some people think students can benefit from it.When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadnt seen for years.Several new books will have come out by the end of next month.Do you have come up with new ideas? If so, we would like to hear from you.(2)When he came to an

49、d raised his head, he saw his friends.他苏醒过来, 抬起头看见了他的朋友们。(3)He came across this story while he was doing a computer search of local news articles.他在电脑上搜索地方新闻文章时发现了这篇报道。9. disappear vi. 消失; 不见*Her nervousness quickly disappeared once she was on stage. 她一走上台紧张情绪便迅速消失了。*Mist was rising, and trees and s

50、hrubs began to disappear in a milk-white haze. 薄雾正在升起, 树木和灌木丛开始消失在一片乳白色的雾霭之中。- 9 -(1)disappear from消失在(2)disappearance n. 消失; 不见(3)appear vi. 出现; 好像(4)appearance n. 外貌, 外观; 出现, 露面(1)语法填空。Police are looking into the disappearance (appearance) of two children.His appearance(appear) was different from

51、when he was in high school.(2)The dogs sudden appearance (狗的突然出现) terrified the thief away.(3)A year later, she made her first public appearance(首次公开演出) at Nashvilles country music hall.(4)Lisa watched until the train disappeared from view .莉萨一直看着火车从视线中消失。10. In 1999, the “white bikes”returned to Am

52、sterdamthis time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! 1999年, “白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹, 这次车安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”!【句式解构】本句中with a computer tracking system to record. . . 是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”组成的with复合结构。*The English class ended with all singing an English song.英语课以全体合唱一首英语歌而结束。*Before he came

53、 here, my father used to sleep with his eyes open. 我父亲来这儿之前, 他常常睁着眼睛睡觉。*We went home with our work over. 我们工作做完就回家了。*The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand. = The teacher came into the classroom, book in hand.老师手里拿着本书走进了教室。*He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他站了一

54、会儿, 他的手仍然举着。*With something important to talk about with you, you must stay here. 由于有很重要的事情和你商量, 你必须留下。with复合结构(1)with复合结构在句中可作状语, 表示行为方式、伴随情况、时间、原因或条件等。常见形式如下:(2)在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中, 不定式表示将来的动作; 现在分词强调这一动作和前面的宾语是主动关系, 或者指这一动作正在进行; 过去分词所表示的动作与前面的宾语是被动关系, 或者指这一动作已完成。(1)语法填空。He left the house with the

55、 tap running (run).I cant go out with all these clothes to wash (wash).He sat there with his eyes closed (close).- 10 -(2)I like to live in the house with its windows facing the sea.我喜欢住在窗户面向大海的房子里。(3)He went out of the library with a book under his arm.他胳膊下夹着一本书走出了图书馆。11. To take a bicycle, you had

56、 to put in a special card.要使用自行车, 必须插入专用的卡片。【句式解构】本句中to take a bicycle 为动词不定式短语, 在句中作目的状语。*To avoid any delay please phone your order direct.为避免延误, 请直接打电话预订。*I have done a comparative analysis to illustrate my point.我做了对比分析来说明我的观点。*Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to make them grow more quickly.许多农民给庄稼施肥, 为的是让庄稼长得更快些。*Ill write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.我要把他的电话号码写下来, 以免忘记。动词不定式(短语)作目的状语, 在形式上有时与结果状语一样。但是位于句首的一定是目的状语, 位于句末的既可能是目的状语也可能是结果状语, 这要根据上下文来判断。有时为了强调, 还可在不定式前加in order或so as。in order to可以用于句首或句末, so as to不能用于句首。(1)In order to/To ge