完整八年级寒假训练2

1、行文八年级寒假班(2)-现在进行时一、意义现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶 段正在进行的动作。二现在进行时的结构：现在进行时的结构为：am/is/are + 现在分词.Am/is/are在现在进行时句子谓语结构中作助动词用，无词义。Am/is/are的选择运用由句子的主语人称或数决定。A: I am_ watchi ng TV at home.B: Dave is clea ning the floor.C: The stude nts are see ing a movie.、时间状语：now, look, listen, It s o clck,四

2、、现在分词的构成(1) 一般动词在后面直接加一ing,女口： read-reading;play-playing;以不发音字 母“e”结尾的单词，去掉“ e”后加ing,如：writewriti ng;havehav ing;(3) 以“ ie ”为重读音节结尾的单词，一般变“ ie ”为y后再加一ing,女口：tietyi ng; lielyi ng;(4) “辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”结构结尾的重读闭音节单词加写后面的辅音字母后加一ing; 如: runrunning; swimswimming;注:begi n, sit, let, put , get,forget, stop, s

3、hop,babysit, hug,pla n五、现在进行时的判断1) 一般句中用到表示“在现在”的时间状语，如：now, right now, at the mome nt或It s+几点钟”句型，常判断用现在进行时。Eg:Let s go fast .Mr. Wu is waiting for usnow.It s six o clock. The children are playing basketball. 句中用到“ Listen !“Look!”“Keep quiet ”“Don t make noise! ”等提示语时，表明说话间另一个动作正在进行，这时，句子也要用现在进行时。E

4、g:Keep quiet ! The teachers are talk ing in the office.(3) 现在进行时常用来表示在当前一直做着的动词， 这时句中常用these days ,all the time 等时间状语。Eg: These days,uncle Wangs building a small room for his dog.(4) 通过上下文句义，表明某一动作是现在或说话瞬间发生的动作，这个句子也要用现 在进行时态。Eg:Is your mother at home?Yes, she is .she is watch ing Tv .Where is Tom?H

5、e is running on the playgro und .(5) .表示状态和感觉的词，一般不能用于进行时态，因为他们不能表示正在进行的动作。Eg:Look! There are some sheep on the hill./ Look! The boat looks like a duck.Now ,I want to go to Beiji ng.(6) .对于无法持续动作的词，一般常用现在进行时表示将来。如：go ,come ,leavestart,arrive ,move等。Eg:We are leaving on Friday./ I m coming.选择填空。()1.

6、Some arein the river and some aregames.A. swi ming, skati ng B. swim ming, skati ng C. swim ming, skate ing()2. Look! The boy students arefootball while the girls are .A. play ing, dance B. play ing, dancingC. play, dancing D. play, dance()4.heon well with his frie nds this term?A. Dose, gets B. Dos

7、e, get C. is, getti ng D. Is, geti ng()5. Mr. Smith short stories, but hea TV play these days.A. is writing, is writing B. is writing, writesC. writes, is writi ng D. writes, writes()6. Ito the cin ema. Ithere every Sun day.A. go. go B. am going, goC. go. am going D. am going, am going()7. Look. the

8、ya good time,they?A. have, do B.have, dontC.are hav ing, are D.are hav ing, arent()8. Youabout the future ( 将来) now,you?A. dont think, dontB. arent thinking, arentC. dont think, doD. arent thinking, are情态动词一、定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。二、掌握情态动词的语法特征1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的 发生。2) 情态

9、动词 除ought和have夕卜，后面只能接不带to的不定式。3) 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。三、有 can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), n eed (n eeded), ought tc等。1) can表示能力，意为能 会”表示推测，意为 可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中表示请求，允许，意为 可以”2) could是can的过去式，意为 能、会”，表示过去的能力 在疑问句中

10、表示委婉请 求83) may表示请求、许可，意为 可以”表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为 可能、也许”4) might是may的过去式，表推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”5) must表示主观看法，意为 必须、应该”表有把握的推测，用语肯定句6) 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中7) dare表示敢于，主要用于否定句和疑问句中8) should 意为“应该”，表示要求和命令 表示劝告、建议9) had better意为最好”，表示建议10) used to意为 过去常常，表示过去的动作、行为 考点一情态动词知识清单1. can的用法(1) 表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译

11、为 能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时 may和must均不可代替它。(2) 表示可能、能够。 如:I can finish it in an hour.(3) 表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary.(4) 表示推测，意为 可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can译为“不可能”。【例题】一I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.No. She _be there, I have just bee n there.A.can tB.mustn

12、t C.needn tD.wouldn t2. could的用法(1) can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。(2) could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?你能帮我个忙吗？一 Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗 ？Yes, you can可以。(注意回答)3. may的用法(1) 表示请求、许可， 比can正式【例题】一I borrow your MP3? Sure . Here you are. A.May B.Should C.Must D.Would(2) 表示推测，谈论可能

13、性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。(3) may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于 may。4. must的用法(1) must表示主观看法，意为 必须、一定”。(2) 其否定形式must nt表示“一定不要”千万别”禁止,不许”.(3) 对 must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为 must, 否定回答为 needn 或 don t have to . Must we hand in our exercises today Yes, you must. ( No, you needn t)(4) must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。当must表示 肯定的判断、推测时，其 反意疑问

14、句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。She must have finished writing, hasn t she?5. need的用法(1) need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn，意为没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答为 must，否定回答为 needn。 女口： -Need I stay here any Ion ger? -Yes, you must .-No. you n eed n t .(2) need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化， 后边多接动词不定式。6 shall的用法(1) shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、

15、三人称)，Shall we go out for a walk?(2) 表示决心、警告、命令(多用于第二、三人称) ，No one shall bring your mobile phones in the exam.7. should的用法(1) should 意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。 We should protect the environment.(2) should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”，常用于口语中。 Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗？(3) Should have

16、done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。You should have finished your homework.8. will 的用法 will 表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。I will help you if Im free this afternoon.9.had better 的用法had better 意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带 to 的不定式，其否定形式为： had better notWe had better go now. /You had better not give the book to him 考点二含有情态动词的疑问句1. 由car、ma

17、y、must构成的疑问句(1) 句式： Can/ May/ Must+主语+动词原形+.?如:Can you repair the car? Could he be a good student?May I borrow your ruler?Must we clean the room now?(2) 对 may 引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式： Yes, of course. Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn t.No, you can t.(3) 对 must引出的疑问句，回答为：Yes,must.No,needn t/ don t have to.2.

18、 will， would， shall 的用法(1) will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说”。 would 是 will 的过去式，语气 更加客气、委婉。 Would you show me your picture book? Will you please give me a call?(2) 对 will/ would you的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won tJSure . (I msorry , I can t.)All reigrhtat.inCly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.(3) shall 引出的

19、疑问句用于第一人称， 表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种： Yes, please.All right. No, thank you.考点三: 情态动词表示推测的用法 :一、“情态动词 +动词原形”表示对现在的推测。1、 can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。女口： That man cart t be her husbandshe isstill single.Who is knocking at the door? Can it be the postman?2、 must表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。女口： He must be in his office now.

20、Mr Limust be working now， for the lights in his office are still on.3、might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。女口： The man may be the headmaster.Where is Mr Li? He might be working in his office. May Mr Li come? He might not come here.4、Could表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。如如：一Could it be an animal? It could not be,

21、 because it is not moving.5、 Should表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比 must的可能性 小一点。如口： It is already 10 o clock now thed steothiere.易混点 used to do / be used to doing / be used to doused to do表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，注意用to do,不用doing 形式；而be used to doing意为 习惯做”，be可有各种时态；be used to do意为“被使用去做,”为被动语态形式。My father used to eat

22、 meat.She is used to eat ing meat.He wasn t used to eat ing in a restaura nt.Kni ves are used to cut thin gs.1、一you pass me a pen? I d like to write down the phone nurSbee. Here it is. A. Can B. NeedC. MightD. Must2、一May I go to the cinema, mum? Certainly, but yoube back by 11 o clockA. canB. mayC.

23、mustD. n eed3、Youget there by bus.A. don t neecB. needn t tC. don t need tQ. need don t to4、 Youworry about me. It s nothing sAricas. B. mustn C . needn D. won t5、 Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please? Sorry, I m not sure . But itIA. mightB.mustn tC.can tD.must6、The man in the offic

24、ebe Mr. Black, because he went home just now.A.mustn tB.may notC.can tD.needn t7、 Can you go surfi ng with us this after noon?I d like to , but I _ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.A.n eedB.mustC.have toD.should8、 May I take this book out of the readi ng room? . Please read it

25、 here.A. Certai nlyB.No, you need nC.tNo, you must n DtNo, you may not阅读理解推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思， 又要求学生对作者的态度、 意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己 的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式发问：What can you con elude (下结论)from this passage?What s the author s att态度e towards.?We can infer from the passage that.Which st

26、atement is ( not ) true? 做这类题要求考生在阅读同时，抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上 下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、 事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、 推理、分析，进一步加强理解，抓住实质性的东西。如：AOnce there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who dre

27、w a line on it and said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. ”The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowi

28、ng where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999”.()What can you conclude from this passage?A. the engineer asked for too much money B. the workers should pay the moneyC. the knowledge is worth moneyD. the new part could cost moreBScientists say, All food comes in some way from plants. Well,

29、is that true? Animals eat grass and grow fat. Then we eat their meat. Little fish eat little sea-plants, then bigger fish swim along and eat the Chickens eat bits of grass and give us Think for aminute. What food does not come from plants in some way?()From the passage, we can infer that do not come

30、 from plants in some way.A. few kinds of foodB. meat and fishC. cheese and chickenD. wood and paperCEveryone likes living in a clean and comfortant environment. If the envionment( 环境 ) are bad, it will affect (影响)our body, and make us not feel well. Sometimes we may be terribly ill. At that time we

31、dont want to work, and we have to stay in bed a nd rest at home. So the envrionment is very important to us.It s germs that makes us ill. There are germs everywhereTo keep us healthy, we should try to our best to make our environment become cleaner and tidier. This needs us to act together.()From the passage we know that.A. environment doesn t affect our life B. we don t need to improve our environmentC. germs may make us illD. if the environment is better, germs will be more.三. 数据推算题ABut how there is 3 班 inter-swimming苗各泳爱好看协会)3nd it has mo亡 than 20CO