完整版现在完成时被动语态详解与练习附习题

1、现在完成时被动语态详解与练习 附习题现在完成时被动语态讲与练一、现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态是高中语法时态和语态中的重要组成部分， 也是高考经常考查的一项 内容。请先看下面几道高考题：1. I can t see any coffee in this cupboard. （北京 2005 春 ）A. Has it all been finishedB. Was it all finishedC. Has it all finishedD. Did it all finish2. Millions of pounds worth of damage by a storm which

2、swept across the north ofEngland last night.（重庆 2005）A. has been causedB. had been causedC. will be causedD. will have been caused3. More patients in hospital this year than last year. （江苏 2004）A. treatedB. have treatedC. had been treatedD. have been treated4. The window is dirty. I know. It for wee

3、ks.（2004全国卷川）A. hasn t cleanedB. didn t cleanC. wasn t cleanedD. hasn t been cleaned这几道高考题考查的都是现在完成时的被动语态，下面我们谈谈它的用法。1）主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动 语态同它的主动语态一样， 强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 但主语为动作的承受 者，表示“已经被”。如：The new school has been set up.新学校已经建成了。2） 现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have / has + been + done。如：Th

4、e experiment has been done successfully.这个实验做得很成功。现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have / has + not + been + done。如：Tom s novel has not been published.汤姆的小说还没有被出版。现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将 have / has 提到主语的前面。如：Has his bike been repaired?他的自行车修好了吗？现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词 + have / has + been + done 。如：Who has been invited?谁受到了邀请？

5、最后，我们再来看一下这几道高考题：第 1 题的第一句话告诉我们，橱柜里看不到咖啡了，所以紧接着要问“咖啡已经被喝完了 吗？”，故选 A。第 2 题的意思是“昨晚横扫英格兰北部的暴风雨已经造成了上百万英镑的损失”， 这里强调 发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响，故选A。第3题中的patients 与treat之间是被动关系，排除A B。根据时间状语this year可知用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。第 4 题上句提到“窗户很脏”，所以下句应该是“窗户已经有数周没有被擦了”，故选D。二、现在完成时被动语态讲与练现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：1说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。2主语是行为动

6、作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态由havehas beenved 构成，其中 ved 为过去分词， 表示被动。如：I have been told about it many timesThe bridge has just been built在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：1过去分词前有两个助动词：havehas 和 been。2必须表示被动。如：1) . 误 Many new buildings been built since 1980正 Many new buildings have been built since 1980 析谓语部分结构不全，时态部分不完整。2) .

7、 误 Something bad has been happened to him正 Something bad has happened to him 析被动语态误用。 happen 为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。3) . 误 The door has been opened of itself正 The door has opened of itself 析有些动词如 open，break ，drop 等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强 调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态。 of itself 意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不 可用被动语态。4) . 误 I have

8、 introduced to Mr Smith正 I have been introduced to Mr Smith( by Mr Wang )析 introduce 为及物动词， I 是 introduce 的承受者。Choose the best answer 1. Paper money for over a thousand yearsAusedB has been usedChas usedDis using2. Great changes in my hometown and a lot of factories.A. have been taken place ； are be

9、ing set upB have taken place ； have been set upC are taken place ； had been set upD had taken place ； will be set up3. Come and sit down by the fire . Your hand cold .A has been feltB feelsC is feltD has felt4. The fire to the fifth floor. all the people ?A has got ； Have；been savedBhas been got ； H

10、ave； savedChas got ；Do； saveD has got ； Have；saved5 We want to sit at the table near the windowI m sorry , but it already .A has takenB tookC was takenD has been taken6. Some of the chapters （片段） by many students.A have been widely readB have read widelyC were wide readD had been widely read7. Whydo

11、n t you go to the book store to buy some books? Manynew books thereA have just broughtB have just been broughtC were just broughtD are just brought8. Till now , three films in that small village this monthA have shownB have been shownC were shownD will be shown9. Do you know the thief by the police

12、?A has caughtB has been catchingC was caughtD has been caught10. My sister is working in the power plant that for just one yearA. was used B. has been usedC . is usedD . has usedKey:1-5 BBBAD 6-10 ABBDB为帮助同学们更好地学习和巩固此语法现三、现在完成时被动语态的构成与用法 现在完成时的被动语态是本课中的重要语法项目，做了以下几点归纳：一）现在完成时被动语态的构成1现在完成时被动语态的肯定式由“

13、have has been 及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：Two windows have been broken 两个窗子被打破了。2现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“ have has not been 及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：The car has not been repaired 这辆汽车还没有修好。3现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由Have / Has +主语+ been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如： 一Has her work bee n fini shed?她的工作完成了吗？Yes, it has .是的，完成了。 一Have the carsbee n repair

14、ed?这些汽车修好了吗？No, they havent .不,还没有。4.现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式由疑问词+ have / has +主语+ bee n+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：How long has her work been finished ？她的工作完成有多久了？Who has been helped by the new computer ？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？Howmany new words have been learned by the students ？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？（二）现在完成时被动语态的主要用法1. 表示被动的动作发生在说话

15、之前（即现在的过去）,强调对现在造成的影响和结果。例 如：The door has been locked .门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能将持续下去,常与for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用,或用于 Howlong. . . ？句型中。例如：They have been told about it for many times.有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们）How long has the machine been used ？这机器使用有多久了？（三）使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题1现在完

16、成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have /has和been,两者缺一不可。2注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在 过去某个时候, 其结果对现在没有影响； 而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过 去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：The house was built last year 这房子是去年建造的。The house has been built 这房子已经建好了。3由 finish , buy, start , begin , post , return , borrow , join , marry , open 等词构 成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如 for four days, how long 等连用, 而要改换动词或时态。例如：误： How long has this book been bought 正