职称英语考试阅读判断典型考点分析

1、姓名：_ 班级：_ 学号：_-密-封 -线- 职称英语考试阅读判断典型考点分析考试时间：120分钟 考试总分：100分题号一二三四五总分分数遵守考场纪律，维护知识尊严，杜绝违纪行为，确保考试结果公正。阅读判断典型考点设置举例：考点1：考察代词(定冠词结构)的指代内容(节选自卫生a考题/ when we were asleep)19. the spanish(西班牙) flu (流感)disappeared(消失) two years after(在.之后) it broke out(爆发).a. right b. wrong c. not mentioneda. 解析：问题句说“西班牙流感爆发

2、后的两年后消失了”。 从句意上看，该题属于细节题。利用问题句中的特征词(the spanish flu(西班牙流感)和(two years)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：(第2段)popularly known as the spanish flu,this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold. normally, influenza only kills those who are more vulnerable to disease, such as newborns, the old or the sick

3、. however, the spanish flu was prone to killing the young and healthy. often it would disable its victims in hours; within a day, they would be dead, typically from extreme cases of pneumonia(肺炎).(第3段)the spanish flu was quite nasty(令人厌恶的) - fast-spreading(传播的) and deadly(致命的).it managed to (设法)spre

4、ad(传播) across(跨越) the globe(地球), devastating(破坏) the world(世界).then(然后) suddenly(突然地),after two years ravaging(蹂躏)the earth, it disappeared(消失) as quickly as (与.一样地块)it had arisen(出现).两个答案线索词出现在第3段中，因此判断第3段很可能是答案相关段。 第3段中的第1个答案相关句(划线句)说“西班牙流感传播地很快， 而且这种疾病是致命的”， 显然仅仅凭借该句内容不能判断答案，因此关注第2个答案相关句(划线句)， 该句

5、说“然后在蹂躏地球的两年后， 它很快地消失了， 它的出现和消失都非常迅速”。这句话与问题句句意相关，现在需要确定句中代词it(它)的指代内容。 代词通常前指， 由此判断it指代前文中的名词结构the spanish flu(西班牙流感)， 因此答案相关句(第2个划线句)提供的信息与问题句的信息一致， 因此问题句提供了正确的信息。考点：代词指代内容的确定。考点2：上下文之间的意义关系(节选自卫生b/c考题/ want to be 100? listen to these 5 centenarians(包岁老人).a. right b. wrong c. not mentionedb. 解析：问题

6、句说“leaver对自己年事已高而感到悲哀”。从句意来看， 该问题句涉及到文章中具体细节信息， 因此该题是细节题。利用问题句中的特征词(leaver)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：(第5段)“people tell me all the time,i dont want to live to be 100,”said mildred leaver,who turned(超过) 100 in june.(第6段)“i think thats just(非常， 仅仅) sad. aging(变老) is attitude(态度) and i dont feel old,” said le

7、aver,a former (以前的)educator(教育者) who still(仍然) drives(驾驶) her buick around town(城镇).答案相关句在第6段， 因为第6段中还直接出现了问题句中的修饰词sad。答案相关句(划线句)说“leaver说我认为那是悲哀的事情”，显然仅仅凭借该句话不能对问题句进行判断。现在需要判断句子中的代词that指代的内容。 根据代词通常前指的特性，再结合前句话的内容判断that 指代前句话的整个内容 - “人们总是对我说我不想活到100岁”，因而答案相关句(划线句)的内容为“我认为人们总是对我说我不想活到100岁”是悲哀的事情。划线句

8、接下来的一句说“衰老是一个态度的问题，而我不感到自己老了”， 从内容上看接下来的这一句是对答案相关句中所提出的观点进行解释(答案相关句(划线句)与接下来的一句之间的意义关系为“观点”与“解释”)。结合这个解释性的话语的内容，结合问题句的句意可知“leave并不认为衰老是一件悲哀的事情， 因为她认为自己并不老， 她认为人是否衰老是一个态度的问题”。因此问题句提供了错误信息。考点：代词指代内容 + 上下文之间的意义关系。考点3：近义结构的识别(节选自卫生b/c考题/ want to be 100? listen to these 5 centenarians(百岁老人)16.currently(现

9、在) about(大约) 70,000 people are aged(.岁的) 100 or above(以上， 超出) in america(美国).a. right b. wrong c. not mentioneda. 解析：问题句说“现在在美国有大约70，000人年龄达到了100岁或100岁以上”。从句意来看， 问题句与文章中的细节信息相关， 属于细节题。利用问题句中的特征词汇(70,000 people, aged 100, america)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：(第一段)five neighbors(邻居) at a central(中心的， 中央的) miss

10、ouri (密苏里州)retirement(退休) community(社团， 社区， 社会) who are all centenarians (百岁老人)get asked all the time:“how did you live to be 100?”(第二段)if you want to live to 100 or more,this rare group of five golden girls says the key to longevity(长寿)is working hard at a job you love and taking care of your body

11、while youre at it.(第三段)even though(即使) an estimated 70,000 people in the country are currently(现在) at the century mark(达到100岁) or beyond(超过) in age,it is unusual(不寻常的) to find(找到， 发现) five 100-year-olds living(生活) in one place.首先关注第3段中的内容(因为有两个答案线索词均出现在该段)。 该句中的estimated(估计的)与问题句中的介词about词义相近， “at t

12、he century mark or beyond in aged(年龄上达到了百岁， 或超过百岁)”与问题句中的“aged 100 or above(年龄在100岁或100岁以上)”语义相近。 该答案相关句(划线句)说“即使目前整个国家里年龄在100岁或100岁以上的老人估计有70，000人，但是要想找到生活在同一个地方的5位百岁老人却不是一件容易的事情”。显然现在还需要判断定冠词结构the country是否就是问题句中提到的美国。 因此关注答案相关句周边甚至全文中出现的地名， 这样在第一段中发现了“missouri(美国的密苏里州)”， 其所在的句子说“ five neighbors a

13、t a central missouri retirement community.(五位在密苏里州中心退休社区的邻居 .)， 接下来第2段是在介绍“长寿的秘诀”，由此可以判断出第3段中出现的定冠词结构the country就是指美国，因此问题句提供的信息与文章相关内容所提供的信息一致。考点：近义结构的识别 + 定冠词结构指代内容的确定. 考点4: 细节信息的查找和确认(答案为“没提到”的常设考点)(节选自卫生b/c考题/ want to be 100? listen to these 5 centenarians(包岁老人)18. none of (没有)the five centenari

14、ans(百岁老人) have any children.a. right b. wrong c. not mentionedc. 解析：问题句说“这5位百岁老人都没有孩子”。 从句意来看，问题句内容涉及文章中细节信息。 利用问题句中的特征词(five centenarians)和细节信息词(children)及其词义相关词(son, daughter)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：five neighbors at a central missouri retirement community who are all centenarians get asked all the ti

15、me:“how did you live to be 100?”if you want to live to 100 or more,this rare group of five golden girls says the key to longevity(长寿)is working hard at a job you love and taking care of your body while youre at it.even though an estimated 70,000 people in the country are currently at the century mar

16、k or beyond in age,it is unusual to find five 100-year-olds living in one place.the average life-span(寿命)of americans is about two or three years short of an 80th birthday party.and most people dont want to cut out coffee,soda,alcohol,cigarettes,and eat healthy food.“people tell me all the time,i do

17、nt want to live to be 100,”said mildred leaver,who turned 100 in june.“i think thats just sad.aging is attitude and i dont feel old,”said leaver,a former educator who still drives her buick around town.it doesnt take long to see that leaver and her neighbors mildred harris,grace wolfson,gladys stuar

18、t and viola semas,have a lot more in common than their longevity and lifelong healthy habits.all are 100 except stuart,who is 101.even though their sight and hearing arent what they used to be,theyve all avoided illnesses that many elderly people are stricken with.its been 50 years since leaver beat

19、 cancer for the first and only time.the common thread that connects these women is the decades of service to jobs each loved as a farmer,designer,school principal,bookkeeper and secretary.in the early years of their lives,gainfully employed women like them were just as rare as 100-year-olds are toda

20、y.文章中只提到了5位百岁老人及他们的养生之道， 但根本没有提到他们的孩子(children, son, daughter这样的词根本没有在文章中出现)， 因此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有提到。提示：如果问题句中的全部或部分信息在文章没有呼应内容，则应该判断该问题句的信息在文章中没有提及。阅读判断基本解题思路与答题技巧小结：1. 阅读文章标题， 确认文章主题;2. 直接解题：读问题句， 弄清楚问题句的基本内容， 根据其句意判断问题类型：是细节题还是主旨题?如果是主旨题， 则可借助文章标题内容(标题中的核心词)，文章开头，文章结尾处的句子及文章中各个段落段首句的内容特点综合判断文章主题;如果是细

21、节题，则首先找出句子中的特征词(专有名词，数字)和描述细节信息的词语与结构(如：时间/地点/条件/原因状语，表示人及事物名称的词语)， 也可参考问题中的核心谓语动词及问题句中出现修饰词， 利用这些词语与结构作为答案线索， 在文章中找到与之相呼应的语句(答案相关句)，对比答案相关句与问题句的结构和句意， 判断答案。提示：虽然有时找到的答案相关句不能直接帮助答题，但是往往真正的答案相关句通常就在其周边的语句中。some sleep drugs do more than make you sleepthe united states food and drug administration1 has

22、 ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. it also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.last wednesday, the fda announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and

23、 dangerous effects. these include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. they also include rare incidents of strange behavior. these include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. the patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.last year, a membe

24、r of the united states congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. patrick kennedy, a representative from rhode island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. the accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. mr. kennedy said he had e

25、arlier taken a sleep medicine. he said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.the food and drug administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented. however, the new york times4 reported last year about people who

26、 said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug ambien. some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. but they had no memory of carrying out the activities.a food and drug admini

27、stration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. but, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.5 he said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol

28、while taking the drugs. the food and drug administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem. 词汇：disorder n. 障碍;紊乱;疾病allergic adj. 变应性的，过敏性的incident n. 偶发事件，小事件representative n. 代表crash v. (使)碰撞lawmaker n. 立法者，制定法律者(尤指立法委员或议员)sickness n. 疾病;恶心，呕吐stomach n. 胃sle

29、epiness n. 昏昏欲睡document vt. 根据事实材料制作注释：1. united states food and drug administration (fda)：美国食品及药品管理局2. united states congress：美国国会3. rhode island：罗得岛(美国州名)4. new york times：纽约时报5. but, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported. 不过，他也说道，可能实际病例要比报导的多。 请注意本句中than的用法。than后面连接了一个句子，可是

30、却没有主语，学术界对此有两种说法：一种认为than是关系代词，它本身在从句中作一个句子成分;另一种则认为than仍为连接词，后面省略了句子的适当成分。请看类似的句子：you spent more money than was intended to be spent. 你花去的钱比预计的多。(请比较：you spent the money that was intended.)练习：1. there are altogether 13 drugs treating sleep disorders in the united states.a right b wrong c not mentio

31、ned2. fda considers it the producers duty to warn the users of sleeping pills about the serious side effects and to tell them how to use safely.a right b wrong c not mentioned3. an allergic reaction to sleeping pills may sometimes cause a user to die.a right b wrong c not mentioned4. a stomach sickn

32、ess drug alone caused patrick kennedy to crash his car into a security barrier.a right b wrong c not mentioned5. fda based its order upon a wide investigation of sleep-driving.a right b wrong c not mentioned6. sleep-walking is also one of the serious side effects induced by taking sleeping pills.a r

33、ight b wrong c not mentioned7. the appearance of one or another side effect after taking some sleeping pill is unavoidable.a right b wrong c not mentioned. 答案与解析：1. 分析文章标题：some sleep drugs(安眠药) do more than(比.多) make(使) you sleep(入睡)文章主题涉及对安眠药作用的讨论2.直接解题：1.there are (有)altogether(总共) 13 drugs treati

34、ng(治疗) sleep disorders(紊乱，混乱) in the united states(在美国).a right b wrong c not mentioned1.c. 细节题。利用特征结构the united states/美国和13 drugs(13种药)作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：the united states food(食品) and drug(药品) administration(美国食品及药品管理局)has ordered(命令) companies(公司) to place(放置)strong (强烈的/强大的)new warnings(警告) on

35、thirteen drugs that treat(治疗) sleep disorder(紊乱， 混乱). it also ordered(命令) the makers (制造商)of the sleeping pills(安眠药)to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.last(最近的， 最后的) wednesday(星期三), the fda(美国食品及药品管理局)announced (宣布)that some of(一些) these drugs can have unexpec

36、ted(意想不到的) and dangerous (危险的)effects(影响). these include (包括)the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. they also include (他们也包括)rare incidents of strange behavior. these include (这些包括)people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. the patients later had no memory of doing these ac

37、tivities while asleep.通过以上分析可以看出文章中只提到fda命令制药公司在13种安眠药上贴上语气坚定的新警告语，但是没有提到这13种是不是包括了美国的所有的安眠药。2. fda considers (认为， 考虑)it the producers(生产厂家的) duty(责任) to warn(警告某人.) the users(使用者) of sleeping pills about the serious(严重的，严肃的) side effects(副作用)and to tell(告诉) them how to use safely(安全地).a right b wro

38、ng c not mentioned2.a细节题。利用问题句中的特征词fda 和细节信息词producers, side effects共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：the united states food and drug administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings(warn的家族词汇) on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. it also ordered the makers (producer的近义词)of the sleepin

39、g pills(安眠药) to provide (提供)information(信息) for patients (病人)explaining(解释) how to safely(安全地) use the drugs(药品).fda命令制药商贴新警告语并指导病人如何安全用药，自然就认为这是制药商不可推卸的责任。3. an allergic (过敏的)reaction to (对.的反应)sleeping pills(安眠药丸) may sometimes(有时) cause(造成) a user to die(死去).a right b wrong c not mentioned3.a. 细节

40、题。 利用问题句中的细节信息词allergic reaction 作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：the united states food and drug administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. it also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to

41、 safely use the drugs.(第2段) last wednesday, the fda announced(宣布) that some of these drugs can have unexpected(意想之外的) and dangerous(危险的) effects. these include the risk of life-threatening(威协生命的) allergic reactions. they also include rare incidents of strange behavior. these include people cooking f

42、ood, eating and even driving while asleep. the patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.第二段第一、二句说到，其中有些药物具有意外的危险作用，包括威胁生命的过敏反应。既然威胁到生命，那有时就可能引起死亡。4. a stomach(胃) sickness(疾病) drug(药) alone(仅仅，独自地) caused(造成) patrick kennedy to crash(使碰撞) his car into a security(安全) barrier

43、(栅栏).a right b wrong c not mentioned4.b. 细节题。 利用问题句中的特征词(patrick kennedy)， 和细节信息词(stomach sickness drug，security barrier )共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：the united states food and drug administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. it also ord

44、ered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs. last wednesday, the fda announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. these include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. they also include rar

45、e incidents of strange behavior. these include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. the patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.last year, a member of the united states congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. patrick kennedy, a representative

46、 from rhode island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near(在.附近) the building where lawmakers(立法人员) meet(见面). the accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. mr. kennedy said he had earlier (更早的时候)taken (曾经)a sleep medicine. he said he was also being treated with (被用.进行治

47、疗)a stomach sickness drug that can cause(造成) sleepiness(想睡).第三段最后一句说明他服用安眠药的同时也服用治呕吐的药，故不是单纯后一种药引起他的车祸。5. fda based(把.建立在.的基础之上)its order(命令) upon/on a wide(广泛的) investigation(调查) of sleep-driving(迷迷糊糊的开车).a right b wrong c not mentioned5.c. 细节题。 利用问题句中的特征词(fda)， 和细节信息词(sleep-driving)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查

48、找答案相关句：the united states food and drug administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. it also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.last wednesday, the fda

49、announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. these include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. they also include rare incidents of strange behavior. these include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. the patients later had no memory

50、 of doing these activities while asleep.last year, a member of the united states congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. patrick kennedy, a representative from rhode island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. the accident happened in the middle o

51、f the night and no one was hurt. mr. kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. he said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.the food and drug administration did not say (说)in its announcement(公告， 宣布) how many (多少)cases(例子) of sleep-driving it has

52、 documented(用文件证据证明). however, the new york times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug ambien. some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in the

53、ir sleep. but they had no memory of carrying out the activities.第四段第一句说，fda没有说它调查了多少迷迷糊糊开车的事例，因此它是否作过大量调查我们并不知道。6. sleep-walking(梦游病) is also one of the serious(严重的) side effects (副作用)induced by (由.引起的)taking sleeping pills.a right b wrong c not mentioned6.a细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息词(sleep-walking)作为答案线索， 在文

54、章中查找答案相关句：the united states food and drug administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. it also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.last wednesday, the f

55、da announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. these include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. they also include rare incidents of strange behavior. these include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. the patients later had no mem

56、ory of doing these activities while asleep.last year, a member of the united states congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. patrick kennedy, a representative from rhode island,3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. the accident happened in the middl

57、e of the night and no one was hurt. mr. kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. he said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.the food and drug administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented. however, the new york times4 (纽约时报)reported (报告)last year (去年)about people who said they had strange(奇怪的) sleep events(事件)/ after(在.之后) taking(服用) the drug am