名词考点精讲(1)

1、名词考点精讲 名词是初中英语教学中最重要、用途最广泛的词类之一。就考点而言，中考对名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的单数和复数、不可数名词、名词的所有格以及名词的常识用法等。就题型而言，中考对名词考查的主要题型有单词拼写和选择填空等。本文就中考对名词的考查要点作一归纳总结，以期对同学们能有所帮助。一、结合语境来考查考生对名词基本含义的识记。【考点聚焦】各地中考试题把名词的字面基本含义作为测试要求。这类试题不是考查考生对语法知识的掌握，而是要求考生能读懂句子，理解句意，从而判断出正确答案。这就要求考生要重视对词汇的学习，因为对词汇的掌握能力也是英语学习的重要能力之一。 【考题传真】Could you

2、tell me how to remember new words quickly? Yes, I think a _ tree can help you a lot. (2012年 南京) A. grammar B. equation C. punctuation D. vocabulary 简析该题考查名词的辨析。grammar意为“语法”，equation意为“方程”，punctuation意为“标点”，vocabulary意为“词汇”。根据上文“你能告诉我怎样快速的记住单词吗？”可知正确答案应该是D项。 二、考查名词的数【考点聚焦】对可数名词单、复数和不可数名词的考查是各市中考的热点。

3、做好此类试题的关键是要抓住名词前的修饰语，这些修饰语往往是判断名词单、复数或不可数名词形式的标志。此外，对不规则变化的名词复数形式的考查也是常设的考点，考生在复习时要熟练掌握。 【考题传真】Im going to the supermarket to buy some _ this afternoon. （2012年 陕西）A. paper and pencil B. apples and bananas C. milks and eggs D. bowl and spoons 简析审题后可以发现some是解该题的关键所在。some后既可后接可数名词也可接不可数名词，但后接可数名词时必须要用其

4、复数形式，故B项正确。【知识清单】1. 普通名词的复数直接加-s或 -es，通常有四种情况。a. 大部分名词直接在词尾加-s；b. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es； c. story, factory 等以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es； d. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es； e. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是“元音字母+o”的词加-s，我们学过的有radio, zoo。末尾是“辅音字母+o”的词，变复数加-es。

5、如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。2. 变化不规则的名词，主要有两种情况。a. childchildren, footfeet, toothteeth, mousemice, manmen, womanwomen等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。b. deer，sheep等词单复数同形。people，police等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形

6、式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。 3.形似名词复数，但实为不可数名词。如：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有the United States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。三、考查名词的格【考点聚焦】名词的所有格表示名词与所言事物的所属关系。它有两种不同的形式，一是由名词末尾加“ s”构成，以-s或-es结尾的复数名词只加“”；二是由介词of加名词构成。对多重名词并列时所有格形式的考查是各地中考试题的热点：当

7、强调共有关系时，在最后一个名词后加“s”；当强调各自拥有，应在每一个名词后面均加“s”。 【考题传真】How far is it from your home to school?Its about twenty _ walk. （2012年 恩施） A. minutesB. minutesC. minutes简析本题考查名词的所有格。名词的所有格通常是在词尾加s,以s结尾的加。根据句意“大约二十分钟步行的路程”，故用复数的所有格，因此答案应该选B。四、考查名词的常识用法【考点聚焦】对名词常识用法的考查是近年来的热点。要做好这类试题，要求考生开阔视野，对中外的历史、地理、风土人情、传统风俗、生

8、活方式、文学艺术等要十分熟悉，做到胸有成竹。 【考题传真】 The people in western countries celebrate _ by making pumpking lanterns and wearing special costumes with masks. (2012年 泰州) A. Christmas B. Halloween C. Thanksgiving Day D. New Years Day 简析根据题干中 “making pumpking lanterns”和 “wearing special costumes with masks”可以知道这是 “万圣

9、节(Halloween)的相关活动，从而可以知道B项正确。强化训练 一、根据句子意思和所给提示，补全下列句子，使句子完整、正确。1. Please give me a piece of _ (纸) to draw a picture on.2. The tourists had no _（选择）but to wait for the next train.3. _(英雄) appeared one after another after the big earthquake.4. We should make our hometown a more natural _ (环境)to let m

10、ore people come.5. Supermarkets cant offer plastic shopping _(袋)to the customers for free now.6. Science is one of my favorite s_. How about you?7. He likes sports, while my h_ are singing, dancing and reading.8. Could you give us some a_ on how to learn English well? Id be glad to.9. How many kinds

11、 of flowers are there in Mr. Smiths g_?10. For breakfast he usually has two p_ of bread, a glass of milk and some oranges.11. Some advertisements tell the _ (true) and some dont.12. It is said that eight _ (glass) of water a day can help you keep fit.13. The _ (shelf) in the library are very old. We

12、 need to buy some new ones.14. Last week I went my _ (aunt) house to teach her how to send e-mails.15. The womans _ (operate) was performed by an ORBIS doctor on the plane.二、选择填空1. You didnt send me an e-mail last night, did you?Sorry. My _ broke down. I couldnt get online.A. computer B. car C. cloc

13、k D. camera 2. Hurry up, Jack! Just give me five minutes to put my desk in _.A. time B. line C. order D. shape3. Hey! If you want to find about new cartoons, have a look at this _. Its great.A. time B. website C. photo D. rock4. He didnt tell his parents he was going home because he wanted to give t

14、hem a _.A. joy B. surprise C. shock D. happiness5. I want to go to the West Lake, but I dont know the way. A _ will help you, I think.A. map B. book C. diary D. dictionary6. She has been in Nanjing for ten years. Nanjing has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room 7. The sweetest _ i

15、n the world is birds singing, I think. A. cry B. noise C. voice D. sound8. All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man B. men C. woman D. women9. We have bought two _ for the coming party. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes o

16、f apple10. Do you know that fat woman with a small bag on her arm? Yes. She is _ mother. A. Lily and Sandys B. Lilys and Sandys C. Lilys and Sandy D. Lilys and Saqndys 11._ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu. A. Lily and Lucys B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lily and Lucy D. Lilys and Lucy12. Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time? A. 20 years B. 20 years C. 20-years D. 20-years13. Which of the following cities is not a capital city?_.A. Sydney B. Moscow C. Paris D. Tokyo14. Which sign means “No Photos”? A B C D15. Mr. Smith had a trip to France last summer.