DDGS在猪料中运用的优缺点

1、精选ppt,1,Benefits & Limitations of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles for Swine Diets 干燥含残液烧酒糟在猪日粮中应用的优点及局限性,精选ppt,2,United States Ethanol Outlook美国酒精业展望,精选ppt,3,Protein Sources蛋 白 源,Protein is one of the more expensive components of a ration 蛋白质是日粮中比较昂贵的成份之一 Usually, no other feedstuff combinatio

2、n provides an equivalent nutrient balance at an equal price to a corn-SBM ration 通常，在相同成本的前提下，任何饲料原料的组合都不能提供像玉米-豆粕型日粮所提供的平衡养分 Pigs require amino acids, not protein 猪需要的是氨基酸，而非蛋白质。 Soybean meal is the “Gold Standard” by which all amino acid sources are measured against 豆粕是衡量所有氨基酸源的“黄金标准”,精选ppt,4,Prot

3、ein Sources 蛋白源,With the tremendous growth of the Ethanol industry, there are ever-increasing amounts of DDGS available for livestock rations 随着酒精工业的飞速发展，有越来越多的DDGS可供家畜日粮所用 DDGS is a protein/amino acid source that can work in swine diets DDGS是一种可以应用在猪日粮中的蛋白/氨基酸源 DDGS does have limitations that must

4、be considered 必须注意：DDGS确实存在一定的局限性,精选ppt,5,Variations in Nutrient Quality 营养成分存在差异,Biggest concern with DDGS 对DDGS最大的担忧 9 DDGS samples (Cromwell et al, 1993) 9个DDGS样本 Dry matter 干物质87-93% Crude protein 粗蛋白23-29% Crude fat 粗脂肪3-12% Lysine 赖氨酸.59-.89% Color light golden to dark brown 颜色：浅金黄色到深褐色 Smell

5、sweet to smoky or burnt 气味:从甜味到烟味或烧焦味,精选ppt,6,Low Quality, Less Digestible DDGS 低质量、低消化率的DDGS,High Quality, Highly Digestible DDGS 高质量、高消化率的DDGS,Effect of Processing Method on DDGS Quality 加工方法对DDGS质量的影响,精选ppt,7,Nutrient Variability 营养成分变异大,Lysine = .78% average 赖氨酸=平均.78% However, from 6 samples fr

6、om the same plant: 但是，来自同一生产厂6个样本的赖氨酸含量差异却很大: Lysine ranged from .65 to .97% (1998) 赖氨酸的范围从0.65到0.97% （1998） 49% increase from lowest value 比最低值增加49% From May 2002 to April 2003, 789 samples of DDGS were analyzed for protein and it ranged from 20.9 to 37.7% at a commercial lab 从2002年5月到2003年4月,789个D

7、DGS样本的商业实验室分析结果显示：蛋白质的含量从20.9到37.7%.,精选ppt,8,Sources of Variation 养分变异的来源,所使用的玉米存在差异Variation in corn used Basically triple the nutrient value of corn to get the nutrient value in the resulting DDGS 所得DDGS的养分含量基本上是玉米中该养分含量值的3倍 Corn with .23% lysine = DDGS with .69% lysine 含0.23%赖氨酸的玉米=含0.69%赖氨酸的DDGS

8、 Corn with .27% lysine = DDGS with .81% lysine 含.27%赖氨酸的玉米=含.81%赖氨酸的DDGS 工厂的类型：新厂和老厂Type of plant: Old vs New Within-plant variations (yeast, temperature, etc) 生产厂内部每批生产之间的变异（酵母，温度等） Nutrient availability due to processing 加工条件对养分利用率的影响 Over-heating has a tremendous impact on amino acid availability

9、 过热对氨基酸利用率有巨大影响,精选ppt,9,Dry Milling Process,Corn 玉米,Ground Cooked,发酵Fermentation,Distillers Grains,蒸馏Distilled,Separated,Thin Stillage Condensed Solubles,酒精 Ethanol,DDG + S,CO2,Alpha amylase -淀粉酶,Yeast &gluco-amylase 酵母和葡糖淀粉酶,液体部分 Liqui-faction,分离,酒糟,干燥压榨加工过程,粉碎熟化,稀薄的馏余物 和浓缩残液,干燥含残液烧酒糟,精选ppt,10,Spec

10、ifications for DDGS for Swine Diets猪日粮中DDGS规格,Moisturemaximum of 12% 水分 26.5% Crude fatminimum of 10% 粗脂肪 10% Crude fiber maximum of 7.5% 粗纤维 7.5% Colorgolden (but darker DDGS may not be bad) 颜色 金黄色(但也许深色的DDGS质量也不差) Smellfresh, fermented, pleasant cereal odor 气味 新鲜、发酵、好闻的谷物气味 Bulk density 34-37 lb/c

11、ubic foot 散装密度： 3437磅/立方英尺 Particle size 颗粒大小 coarse 粗= 10% max on 2000 mesh screen 2000微米孔径筛上物不超过10% fine细 = 15% max on 600 mesh screen & pan 600微米孔径筛和底盘物不超过15%,精选ppt,11,Nutrient Content 营养成分,良好的磷源，但钙含量低Good P source but low in Ca DDGS from SD/MN plants contains .60% available P 来自南达科达州/明尼苏达州生产厂的DD

12、GS含有效磷0.60% DDGS from SD & MN “new generation” plants have higher nutrient contents for pigs than traditional plants 来自南达科达州/明尼苏达州新一代生产厂的DDGS与传统生产厂相比含有较高适合猪用的营养成分 Low quality protein for nonruminants 对于非反刍畜来说蛋白质质量很低 In SBM, lysine makes up 6.4% of the protein 豆粕中，赖氨酸含量占蛋白质总量的6.4% In DDGS, lysine mak

13、es up 2.5% of the protein DDGS中，赖氨酸含量占蛋白质总量的2.5% Concentrates a feedstuff with a poor amino acid balance & digestibility (corn) DDGS是含有较差的平衡氨基酸和低消化率的饲料组分,精选ppt,12,Balancing on a Protein Basis 按蛋白水平平衡基础日粮,Corn Soybean Meal 玉米-豆粕日粮 18% protein 18%蛋白质 .81% total lysine 0.81% 总赖氨酸 Meet growing pigs tota

14、l lysine requirement (.80%) 满足生长猪的总赖氨酸需求（0.80%）,Corn-SBM-10% DDGS 玉米-豆粕-10%DDGS日粮 18% protein 18%蛋白质 .71% total lysine 0.71%总赖氨酸 Pig now in a total lysine deficient state 猪处于总赖氨酸含量缺乏的状态,精选ppt,13,Balancing on a Total Lysine Basis按总赖氨酸进行日粮平衡,Corn Soybean Meal 玉米-豆粕日粮 .80% total lysine in the diet 日粮中总

15、赖氨酸水平为0.80% Lysine is 85% digestible in SBM so meet the pigs digestible lysine requirement of .68% 豆粕中总赖氨酸的85%是可消化的，因此能满足猪对可消化的氨基酸0.68%的需要量.,Corn-SBM-10% DDGS 玉米-豆粕-10%DDGS日粮 .80% total lysine in the diet 日粮中总赖氨酸水平为0.80% Lysine is only 50% digestible from DDGS so diet only contains .61% dig lysine s

16、o deficient! DDGS中赖氨酸的消化率仅为50%，因此日粮中只含0.61%的可消化赖氨酸, 严重缺乏! Critical to balance swine diets with DDGS on available lysine basis 平衡含DDGS的猪日粮时,关键是按可利用赖氨酸来进行平衡。,精选ppt,14,SBM vs DDG 豆粕与干燥烧酒糟,DDG contains 62% of the protein of SBM DDG中蛋白质含量为豆粕中蛋白质含量的62% (27.3/44) DDG contains 30% of the total lysine of SBM

17、 DDG中总赖氨酸的含量为豆粕中含量的30% (.84/2.83) DDG contains 16% of the available lysine DDG中可利用赖氨酸含量为豆粕可利用赖氨酸含量的16% (.39/2.41),精选ppt,15,Variations in Protein and Amino Acid Digestibilities from 4 New Generation Plants来自四 个 新 一 代 生 产 厂 的产品中蛋白质和氨基酸消化率变异,Protein蛋白质 58.1 78.6% Lysine赖氨酸 51.3 75.7% Threonine苏氨酸 67.8

18、83.7% Tryptophan色氨酸 41.4 71.6% Methionine蛋氨酸 76.4 87.8% Stein et al., 2004,精选ppt,16,DDGS Incorporation in Swine Diets猪日粮中添加DDGS,Total vs digestible amino acid basis 分别按总赖氨酸和可消化氨基酸进行日粮配合 Maximum DDGS inclusion rate = 10% DDGS最高添加量为10% if formulating on a total amino acid basis 如果配方以总的氨基酸水平为基础 Much hi

19、gher DDGS inclusion rates (10%) DDGS添加量高于10% if diets are formulated using digestible amino acids 如果日粮配合以可消化氨基酸为基础 Total vs available phosphorus basis 以总磷或有效磷为基础配制日粮 Formulating diet on an available P basis increases economic benefit and reduces P content of manure 以有效磷含量为基础配制日粮，可增加经济效益并降低粪便中的磷含量 Pr

20、operly sample each load of DDGS & use a conservative digestibility factor to determine the amount of digestible nutrients 准确地对每批DDGS取样并采用保守的消化率系数来判断可消化养分的总量,精选ppt,17,Appropriate Inclusion Rates适当的添加量,精选ppt,18,Mycotoxins 霉菌毒素,Mycotoxins are a concern, especially for gestation and lactation diets 关注霉菌

21、毒素，尤其对于妊娠和泌乳期日粮 Check with the plant to see if they are buying damaged corn 查询厂家，看他们是否购买了发霉的玉米 mycotoxin level in corn will be tripled in the resulting DDGS 玉米中的霉菌毒素在DDGS中将会被扩大3倍 Start with a low inclusion rate for sows and work your way up to your maximum comfort level 开始时以低水平的量添加给母猪，直到找到自己猪场最适合的添加

22、水平,精选ppt,19,Health Benefits? 有益于健康？,Many producers have reported that including 10% or more DDGS is effective in controlling ileitis and Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome 许多养殖者报道说添加10%或更多DDGS可以有效控制回肠炎和肠出血综合症 U of MN observed DDGS additions: 在明尼苏达大学的实验中，观察到添加DDGS后： helped maintain small intestine integrity

23、有助于维持小肠的完整性 No differences in growth, morbidity, or mortality 猪的生长率、发病率或者死亡率没有改变 SDSU research saw no benefit to either DDGS or soy hull additions during an ileitis challenge. 南达科达州立大学的研究发现在回肠炎发病期间添加DDGS或大豆皮对该病没有效果,精选ppt,20,Effect of Challenge on Growth Rate攻击对生长的效果,Trt P=.02,Trt P=.02,a,b different

24、 superscripts indicate difference between treatment groups (P0.05). a,b上标不同字母表示不同处理组间差异显著（P 0.05）,a,a,a,b,a,a,a,b,攻击后21天 攻击后35天,平均日增重(磅),精选ppt,21,Effect of Diet on Fecal Shedding via PCR Analysis 用PCR技术分析不同日粮对粪便排泄病原体的影响,a,b,a,b 上标不同字母代表处理组间差异显著 (P0.05).,a,a,a,b,a,b,天数,0天,14天,21天,28天,精选ppt,22,Health

25、Benefits? 有益于健康？,“Two anecdotes do not make one fact” “两件轶事不能构成一个事实” Veterinarians report that DDGS is effective against ileitis/HBS about only 50% of the time 兽医报道说，DDGS有效抵御回肠炎和肠出血综合症的几率仅为50%。 Use caution when applying an economic value to DDGSs health benefits until they can be quantified 对于DDGS有益

26、于健康的说法赋予经济价值时应该谨慎，直到能够对这些有益作用进行定量时为止。,精选ppt,23,Effect of DDGS on Carcass QualityDDGS对胴体质量的影响,U of Minnesota looked at 0, 10, 20, & 30% DDGS in grow-finish diets 明尼苏达大学在生长育肥猪日粮中添加0,10,20和30%DDGS No difference in gain 谷物添加量不变 Improvement in feed efficiency as DDGS level increased 随着DDGS水平增加，饲料效率得到改善 M

27、uscle size and fat depth not affected 肌肉量和脂肪厚度未受影响 Fat quality negatively affected at the 30% DDGS level (higher levels of unsaturated oil) 当添加30%DDGS时，对脂肪质量有负面影响（DDGS中含有高水平的不饱和油脂）,精选ppt,24,Fat Quality Characteristics of Market Pigs Fed Corn-Soy Diets Containing 0 to 30% DDGS饲喂含DDGS 030%玉米-豆粕日粮的上市猪脂

28、肪质量的比较,Means within a row lacking common superscripts differ (P .05). 上标字母不同表示不同处理组间差异显著（p.05）,精选ppt,25,Storage Concerns储存中的注意事项,DDGS contains 10% corn oil unsaturated fat DDGS含10%玉米油(不饱和脂肪) More subject to rancidity 很容易发生酸败 Maximum storage: 最长储存期限 Winter = 3 months 冬季 = 3个月 Summer = 1 month 夏季 = 1个

29、月 “Flowability” in bulk bins may be a problem 在散装罐中的流动性可能是一个问题,精选ppt,26,When to Use DDGS? 何时应用DDGS?,精选ppt,27,Economic Calculations 经济分析,DDGS provides lysine, phosphorus, and energy DDGS可提供赖氨酸，磷和能量 Replaces SBM, corn, & dicalcium phosphate 可替代豆粕、玉米和磷酸二钙 90.9 kg DDGS &1.36 kg limestone replaces 90.9千克 DDGS 和1.36千克 石灰石可取代 80.9 kg corn, 8.6 kg of 46.5% SBM, & 2.7 kg of dicalcium phosphate