尹词性与句子成分PPT演示课件

1、1,词性和句子成分,2011年9月,2,十大词类： 根据英语单词所表达的含义以及在句子中的作用，把英语单词分为10个类别，即： 名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词、冠词、 介词、连词、感叹词。 根据部分词类具有的共同特征，又将十大词类分为两大部分，即：实词和虚词 实词：名词、代词、数词、动词、副词、形容词。 特征：具有完整的词义；能够在句子中独立充当句子成分。 虚词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。 特征：没有完整的意思；不能够在句子中独立充当句子成分，必须和实词搭配，才能充当句子成分。,预备知识点一：词类概述,3,4,5,冠词(article)用法 不定冠词 a 和an : 用在单数可数名词前，

2、表泛指 定冠词 the : 特指上文已经提到过的人或物 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或物 用在世界上独一无二的事物前: the world ; the earth 用在形容词前表一类： the old ; the young 用在最高级或序数词前：the first man to come,试比较 She likes the man of no little humor. She likes a man of no little humor.,6,小试牛刀 It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like

3、 _ man. It was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky.,a,a,a,the,7,连词 （conjunction):连接词与词或句与句 Eg. 1.- Did Edward feel sad _you told him that he had failed the interview? - No, he didnt look surprised _ even asked me to have a drink. 2. Find ways to praise your child

4、ren often, _ youll find they will open their hearts to you.,when,and,and,8,Revision 合成法 warm-hearted man-made snow-covered first-class well-received newly-founded,2.派生法 misunderstand impolite discover enable politician announcement horrible homeless tighten broaden,9,10,一、句子成分,概述：,组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语的

5、句子最多由 八个句子成分组成，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位语。 注：主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。,11,members of sentences,主语：subject 谓语：predicate 宾语： object 表语：predicative 定语： attributive 宾语补足语：object complement 状语： adverbial 同位语：appositive,句子成分,12,1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and mor

6、e popular.2. We often speak English in class. 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. 3. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 4. Smoking does harm to the health. 5. The rich should help the poor. 6. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.7. It is necessary

7、to master a foreign language. 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。,13,1. He practices running every morning. 2. You may keep the book for two weeks. 3. He has caught a bad cold. 4. We are students. 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 由一个动词或动词短语、情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形、或系动词加表语

8、构成 。,14,1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday. 2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5. He pretended not to see me. 6. I enjoy listening to popular music. 7. I thin

9、k（that）he is fit for his office. 8. Lend me your dictionary, please. 9. They elected him their monitor. 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。,15,1. His father named him Dong Ming. 2. They painted their boat white. 3. Let the fresh air in. 4. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 5. We saw her ent

10、ering the room. 6. We found everything in the lab in good order. 7. We will soon make our city what your city is now. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。,16,1. GuiLin is a beautiful city. 2. China is a developing country;

11、 America is a developed country. 3. There are thirty women teachers in our school. 4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. 6. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. 7. He is reading an article about how to learn Eng

12、lish. 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由形容词、分词、名词、代词、不定式短语、动名词、介词短语以下等成分表示 。,His,17,1. Our teacher of English is an American. 2. Is it yours? 3. The weather has turned cold. 4. The speech is exciting. 5. Three times seven is twenty one? 6. His job is to teach English. 7. His hobby is playing football. 8. T

13、he machine must be out of order. 9. Time is up. The class is over. 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, grow, turn, look, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。,18,1. Light travels most quickly. 2. He has lived in the city for

14、ten years. 3. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. 4. He is in the room making a model plane. 5. Wait a minute. 6. Once you begin, you must continue. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由副词及副词性词组、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、名词、状语从句表示。,19,状语种类如下： How about meeting again at s

15、ix?Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.She came in with a dictionary in her hand. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. He was so tired

16、 that he fell asleep immediately.（ She works very hard though she is old.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,（伴随状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（让步状语）,20,同位语（appositive）：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分。如： We students should study hard. We all are students. The news that we won the first excited us.,21,（二）练习,说出下列划线部

17、分单词或词组在句子 中各充当什么成分,I dont like the picture on the wall. My brother hasnt done his homework. It is a great pleasure to talk with you . He broke a piece of glass. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.,主,谓语,宾语,定语,主语,谓语,谓语,谓语,主,主,主,定语,宾语,宾语,状语,定语,宾语,表语,22,分析句子成分（定状补同位）： 1. We often study Chine

18、se history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3 I shall go there if it doesnt rain 4 Once you begin, you must continue 5 We found everything in the lab in good order. 6 His favorite sport, playing volleyball, takes most of his spare time.,定语,时间状语,定语从句,条件状语从句,条件状语从

19、句,宾语补足语,定语,定语,同位语,23,1 When to have an English test has not been decided. 2 He has caught a bad cold. 3 The truth is that he has never been abroad. 4 The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 5 We will soon make our city what your city is now. 6 China is a developing country; Americ

20、a is a developed country. 7 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.,主语(subject),谓语(predicate),表语(predicative),宾语object,宾语补足语object complement,定语attributive,状语adverbial,24,（一）句子成分的特点和功能,修饰限定名词或代词， 说明该名词或代词的状 态、品质、数量等。,用来修饰动词、形容词 和副词等的，表示事情发 生的时间、地点、原因、 结果、程度等等 2. 修饰动词时，位置在该 动词前后均可；修饰形容 词或副词，要放在它们之

21、 前,1.The little boy needs a blue pen.(形容词) 2.Two boys need two pens. （数词） 3.His name is Tom（所有格） 4.The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（介词短语） 5.The boy sitting under the tree is Tom. （分词短语） 6.The boy who is sitting there is Tom.（定语从句）, He runs quickly. 他跑地很快。 She is very beautiful. 她非常漂亮。

22、I will go there tomorrow. 我明天去那儿。 He works in this factory.,25,（一）句子成分的特点和功能,1.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。 2.常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词、数词和主语从句充当。, They are students. The sun rises in the east. 太阳在东方升起。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。,1. 说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般放 在主语的后面 2. 常用动词或动词词组充当, We study English. He is asleep. Y

23、ou may go now.,1. 是动作行为的对象或承受者,放在及物动词或介词之后 2. 常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词和数词充当, I like China. We study English. I play with him.,位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后,表示主语的性质、 状态和特征。, They are students. He is asleep. 他睡着了。 To see is to believe.,26,英语中的五种基本句型,27,英语五种基本句型列式如下： 句型一： + （主谓）

24、句型二： + + （主谓宾） 句型三： + + （主系表） 句型四： + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾） 句型五： + + +（主谓宾宾补）,28,1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓 + 宾,29,1、 大写字母占上两格，写的时候要注意平行， 不要触顶第一线，坐第三线：,30,小写字母：acemnorsuvwxz占