2014英语全国卷1含答案[共16页]

1、2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)(时间：120分钟满分：150分)本试卷分第卷(选择题)和第卷(非选择题)两部分。第卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)(见专题十四)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleas

2、ed to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture，write a

3、n article，take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge，all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival，MIT Museum，265 Mass Avenue，Cambridge 02139 by Friday，February 8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are

4、selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday，April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be include

5、d in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th，each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at：http：/.21Who can

6、take part in the Curiosity Challenge?ASchool students.BCambridge locals.CCSF winners.DMIT artists.22When will the prizegiving ceremony be held?AOn February 8th.BOn March 10th.COn March 15th.DOn April 21st.23What type of writing is this text?AAn exhibition guide.BAn art show review.CAn announcement.D

7、An official report.BPassenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were

8、 more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about

9、515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoingWhere the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited

10、 until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood，which

11、 scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizab

12、le flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1

13、，1914.24In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons _Awere the biggest bird in the world Blived mainly in the south of AmericaCdid great harm to the natural environmentDwere the largest bird population in the US25The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons _Aescape BruinCli

14、beration Devolution26What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?ATo seek pleasure. BTo save other birds.CTo make money. DTo protect crops.27What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?AIt was ignored by the public.BIt was declared too late.CIt was unfair.DIt was strict.CA t

15、ypical lion tamer (驯兽师) in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention，but its mostly for show.In reality，its the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face，the lion tries to focus on all four legs

16、 of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion？How o

17、ften do you have something you want to achieve (eg.lose weight，start a business，travel more ) only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want

18、 to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress，and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesnt have to be that way.Anytime

19、 you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this ：All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go，something you want to accomplish，someone you want to beco

20、me.take immediate action.If youre clear about where you want to go，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28Why does the lion tamer use a chair?ATo trick the lion.BTo show off his skills.CTo get ready for a fight.DTo entertain the audience.29In what sense are peop

21、le similar to a lion facing a chair?AThey feel puzzled over choices.BThey hold on to the wrong things.CThey find it hard to make changes.DThey have to do something for show.30What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?ATolerant. BDoubtful.CRespectful. DSupportive.31Whe

22、n the world is“waving a chair in your face”，youre advised to _Await for a better chanceBbreak your old habitsCmake a quick decisionDask for clear guidanceDAs more and more people speak the global languages of English，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact，half of

23、 the 6，0007，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century，according to the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizationsUNESCO and National Geographic among t

24、hemhave for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，is following in that_traditionHis recently published book，A Grammar of Thangmi wi

25、th an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across t

26、he Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan，and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materialsincluding photographs，films，tape recordings，and field noteswhich had remained u

27、nstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now，through the two organizations that he has foundedthe Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature ProjectTurin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to schol

28、ars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet，Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32Many scholars are making efforts to _Apromote

29、 global languagesBrescue disappearing languagesCsearch for language communitiesDset up language research organizations33What does“that tradition”in Paragraph 3 refer to?AHaving full records of the languages.BWriting books on language teaching.CTelling stories about language users.DLiving with the na

30、tive speakers.34What is Turins book based on?AThe cultural studies in India.BThe documents available at Yale.CHis language research in Bhutan.DHis personal experience in Nepal.35Which of the following best describes Turins work?AWrite，sell and donate.BRecord，repair and reward.CCollect，protect and re

31、connect.DDesign，experiment and report.第二节 (共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The jobs of the future have not yet been invented._36_ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curi

32、ous._37_ Ask kids，“What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？”and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time?2Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it._3

33、8_ There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head，but wh

34、at about others？Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions._39_“Why do you think shes crying？”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？”“If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”4Selfexpression _40_ There are man

35、y ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.AEncourage kids to cook with you.BAnd we cant forget science education.CWe can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.DSo how can we help o

36、ur kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?EGardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.FWe can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.GBeing able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20 小题

37、；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。As a general rule，all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis.As a matter of fact，we can see this _41_ at work in people of all _42_For example，on Christmas morning，children are excited about _43_ wi

38、th their new toys.But their _44_ soon wears off and by January those _45_ toys can be found put away in the basement.The world is full of _46_ stamp albums and unfinished models，each standing as a monument to someones _47_ interest.When parents bring home a pet，their child _48_ bathes it and brushes

39、 its fur.Within a short time，however，the _49_ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.Adolescents enter high school with great _50_ but are soon looking forward to _51_The same is true of the young adults going to college.And then，how many _52_，who now complain(抱怨)about the long drive

40、s to work，_53_ drove for hours at a time when they first_54_ their drivers licenses(执照)？Before people retire，they usually _55_ to do a lot of _56_ things，which they never had _57_ to do while working.But _58_ after retirement，the golfing，the fishing，the reading and all of the other pastimes become a

41、s boring as the jobs they _59_And，like the child in January，they go searching for new _60_41A.principle Bhabit Cway Dpower42A.parties Braces Ccountries Dages43A.working Bliving Cplaying Dgoing44A.confidence Binterest Canxiety Dsorrow45A.same Bextra Cfunny Dexpensive46A.wellorganized Bcolorfullyprint

42、ed Cnewlycollected Dhalffilled47A.broad Bpassing Cdifferent Dmain48A.silently Bimpatiently Cgladly Dworriedly49A.promise Bburden Cright Dgame50A.courage Bcalmness Cconfusion Dexcitement51A.graduation Bindependence Cresponsibility Dsuccess52A.children Bstudents Cadults Dretirees53A.carefully Beagerly

43、 Cnervously Dbravely54A.required Bobtained Cnoticed Ddiscovered55A.need Blearn Cstart Dplan56A.great Bstrange Cdifficult Dcorrect57A.time Bmoney Cskills Dknowledge58A.only Bwell Ceven Dsoon59A.lost Bchose Cleft Dquit60A.pets Btoys Cfriends Dcolleagues第卷第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读

44、下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It _61_ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it _62_ (actual) caught fire and burn

45、ed.Now，years later，this river is one of _63_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_ even a few months.It took years of work _65_ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the r

46、iver is _66_(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation，dont you want a quick fix and something to chang

47、e immediately?While there are _68_ (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the _69_ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be _70_ (patience)第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10

48、处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Nearly five years before，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. Since thenfor all these

49、 yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please. As result，the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but

50、 we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!第二节书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。注意：1.词数100左右。2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3参考词汇：住宿accommodation_2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)听力原文(见专题十四)【语篇解读】本文是一则关于第六届剑桥科技节的通知。21A事实细节

51、题。根据文章第一段中“The challenge invites，even dares school students.show their curiosity”可知，在校学生可以参加好奇心挑战，故选A。22D事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“students who enter the.on Sunday，April 21st.”可知颁奖仪式在4月21日举行，故选D。23C推理判断题。根据文章第一段开头部分“The Cambridge Science Festival is pleased to inform you of.”以及文章最后一段中“The program guidelines an

52、d other.at：http：/.”可知本文属于应用文中的“通知”。【语篇解读】本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。24D事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。25B词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“where the birds were abundant.by the thousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。26C事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercial hunters attracted them.s

53、old in restaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。27B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In 1897，the state of.for 10 years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。【语篇解读】本文以驯兽师在驯兽时用椅子挡在狮子面前来分散它的注意力使狮子不知所措为引子，联想到当人们面临多种选择感到困惑时该怎么办？28A事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“When a lion tamer holds a chair.what to do next.”可知，驯兽师拿一把椅子是想哄骗狮子，故选A。29A推理判断题。根据文

54、章第一段中“With its focus divided.what to do next”可知，当人们面临选择时和狮子面对椅子时的感觉相似，就是困惑，不知所措，故选A。30B推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“This upsets me to no end.is best”可知，作者对专家的态度是怀疑的，故选B。31C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Anytime you find the world.you just need to get started.”可知，作者建议人们快速做出决定，故选C。【语篇解读】本文叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。32B事实细节题

55、。根据文章第二段中“In an effort to prevent.they reflect.”可知学者们正在努力挽救濒临消失的语言。33A词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“But he is not content.without record.”可知“that tradition”是指Turin记录语言。故选A。34D事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“.grows out of his experience living，looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.”可知Turin的书以其在尼泊尔的个人经历为基础。故选D。35C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Generations of communities from whom.collected”和“Turin no