HowtoReadFiction

1、How to Read Fiction 1. Narrative 叙述 A n arrative is a story, whether told in p rose or verse, in volvi ng even ts, characters, and what the characters say and do.（叙述一个故事，无论是散文或诗歌，涉及的事件，人物，和什么样 的人物说的和做的。） Some literary forms such as the novel and short story in p rose, and the epic and roma nee in ve

2、rse, are explicit narratives that are told by a narrator.（一些文学形式如小说和短篇故事和散文，史 诗和浪漫的诗句，是显式的叙述，叙述者讲述者告诉。） In drama, the n arrative is not told, but evolves by means of the direct p rese ntati on on the stage of the actio ns and sp eeches of the characters.在电视剧，叙事不告诉，但进化的直接表现在人物 的行动和言语的阶段。） A. Fiction小

3、说，虚构的文学作品 In an inclusive sense广义,fiction is any literary narrative, whether in prose or verse, which is inven ted in stead of being an acco unt of events that in fact happen ed.（在一个包容感广义，小说是 文学叙事，无论散文或诗歌，这是发明而不是一个帐户，事实上发生的事件） In a narrower sense 狭义,however, fiction denotes only narratives that are

4、written in prose （the no vel and short story）, and sometimes is used simply as a synonym for the no vel.（ 然而在狭义狭 义，只表示，小说，散文书写叙事（长篇小说和短篇故事），有时只是作为小说的同义词。） Literary prose narratives in which the fiction is to a prominent degree based on biographical, historical or contemporary facts are often referre

5、d to by compound names such as fictional biography 虚构的传记”,the historical novel, and the nonfiction novel.（ 文学散文叙事在小说 中是基于传记的突出程度，历史或当代的事实通常称为复合名字如虚构的传记”虚构的传 记”，历史小说，小说和非小说。） B. Story 故事 A story is the mere sequenee of events in time.（一个故事，仅仅是事件在时间序歹U。） C. Third-person points of view 第三个人称 The omnisc

6、ient 无所不知的 point of view: the narrator knows everything that need to be known about the agents, actions, and events, and has privileged access to the characters thughts, feeli ngs, and motives; also that the n arrator is free to move at will in time and pl ace, to shift from character to character,

7、and to report their sp eech, doin gs, and states of con scious ness. （in trusive narrator such a character therefore is as difficult to describe with any adequacy as a person in real life, and like real person s, is cap able of surprising us. 一个圆的字符是复杂的在气质和刺激 和代表微妙的个性；因此这样字符是一样难描述以所有充足，象一个人在真实和象真正的

8、人，可胜任的惊奇我们。 3. Plot情节 The plot in a dramatic or narrative work is constituted by its events and actions, as these are ren dered and ordered toward achievi ng p articular artistic and emoti onal effects.一个戏剧性的情 节或叙事作品所构成的事件和行动，因为这些渲染，并下令对实现特定的艺术和情绪的影响。 There are a great variety of plot forms.For exa

9、mple, some pl ots are desig ned to achieve tragic effects, and others to achieve the effects of comedy, romance, satire, or of some other genre. 有种 类繁多的情节形式。例如，一些地块的设计实现悲剧性影响，以达到喜剧，爱情，讽刺，或 一些其他流派的影响。 A. Protagonist 主人公 The middle p resumes what has gone before and requires someth ing to follow;一开始就启

10、动了 主要的操作方式使我们期待着更多的东西。 假定中间究竟出了甚麽东西之前，需要采取后续行动； The end follows from what has gone before but requires nothing more. 至 U底遵循了什么， 但更力 P 需要什么。 We then feel satisfied that the plot is complete.我们然后感觉满意的情节很完整。 App roaches to Read Novels Narrator/ point of view (the first person and the third person, the

11、omni scie nt point of view) Characterization -Protagonists and antagonists 主演和反对者 Foreshadow ing / sett ing Rising con flict climax falli ng action Motif / To ne and theme / Symbols The novel is one literature style takes p ortrays the character image as a cen ter, reflects social life through the i

12、n tegrity plot and the model environment descri pti on 。 Three eleme nts of ficti on: pl ot, characters, environment Good gras p of the story, is the key to read the no vel, is to enjoy the art of the novel features of the foun dati on, but also the start ing point for the overall percep tio n article （小说是以塑造人物形象为中心，通过完整的故事情节和典型的环境描写来反映社会生活 的一种文学体裁。 小说三要素：情节、人物、环境 把握好故事情节，是读懂小说的关键，是欣赏小说艺术特点的基础，也是整体感知文章的 起点。） Estimates the character image 揣摩人物形象 指出小说对人物进行描写的具体方法；概括指出人物的性格特征；对文中的人物进行客 观公正的评析Pointe